Evaluation of fluoride enrichment processes in groundwater of Chimakurthy granitic pluton complex in Prakasam District India
October 2016
Hydrogeochemical evaluation of aquifers belonging to Chimakurthy granitic pluton complex reveals wide spatial and temporal variation in F- distribution. F- concentration in groundwater of different aquifers varies from < 0. 50 to 9.84 mg/l. Among three sampled episodes, the mean value of F- is high in July 2010 and 61% of samples have values above maximum permissible limit as per the Bureau of Indian...
Atmospheric ventilation corridors and coefficients for pollution plume released from an Industrial Facility in Ile-Ife Suburb, Nigeria
October 2016
This study presents a comparative investigation of atmospheric ventilation corridors and coefficients for gaseous pollution plume released from an isolated industrial facility into the ambient air of the host community in Ile-Ife suburb, southwest Nigeria. For the months of September to December in the year 2012 and 2013, measurement of surface layer atmospheric parameters made from an instrumented mast located near the...
An evaluation of biogas production from anaerobic digester of a constructed wetland domestic wastewater treatment plant
October 2016
Domestic wastewater treatment using constructed wetlands have been found to be very efficient and cost effective. Primary treatment facilities such as anaerobic digesters have been reported to reduce the organic load of wastewater before entering the constructed wetland systems. It has also been established that biogas is a product of organic matter decomposition under anaerobic condition. In this study, we evaluated...
A critical analysis of physiochemical properties influencing pit latrine emptying and feacal sludge disposal in Kampala Slums, Uganda
October 2016
Inadequate information on physiochemical properties of faecal sludge leads to inappropriate design of pit emptying devices and poor faecal sludge disposal contributing to environmental pollution. This study undertook a critical analysis of physiochemical properties of feacal sludge that influence design and performance of pit emptying devices and faecal sludge disposal for improved faecal sludge management in urban...
Investigating the potability of water from dug wells: A case study of the Bolgatanga Township, Ghana
October 2016
The aim of this study was to assess the levels of some physico-chemical and microbial water quality parameters in fifteen hand-dug wells in Bolgatanga of the Upper East region of Ghana. The effects of seasonal variation and proximity to pollution sources on the concentrations of some parameters of the well water samples were analysed. The results revealed that, total and faecal coliforms in all fifteen samples exceeded...
Preliminary investigation of transfer of metals from soil to vegetables: Case study of Spinacia oleracea L.
September 2016
The objective of the study was to measure concentrations of Cu, Ni and Zn in Spinacia oleracea cultivated at a site near the copper and nickel mine in Selebi Phikwe. The mean concentrations (in dry matter-basis) of Cu, Zn and Ni in the whole plant system were 7.30 ± 2.51, 6.02 ± 2.16 and 0.03 ± 0.02, mg/kg, respectively. Enrichment factors (EF) of Cu, Ni and Zn were far below the EF value of 1.5...
The use of magnetic susceptibility measurements to determine pollution of agricultural soils in road proximity
September 2016
This research work presents a study on the application of magnetic susceptibility measurements and geochemical analysis for mapping or assessing heavy metal pollution in the agricultural soil in road proximity. The research work was also done to check any runoff of heavy metals pollution to the Owabi dam which serves as the main water sources to catchment areas and the whole of Kumasi Metropolis. This research work was...
Co-composting of sewage sludge and Echinochloa pyramidalis (Lam.) Hitchc. & Chase plant material from a constructed wetland system treating domestic wastewater in Cameroon
September 2016
Trials were conducted at the Cité-Verte domestic wastewater treatment station (Yaoundé-Cameroon) in order to assess the effect of three sewage sludge: Macrophyte ratios on the co-composting process and compost quality. The ratios were T1: 25 kg of plant material (Echinochloa pyramidalis) and 75 kg sludge; T2: 50 kg of plant material and 50 kg sludge, and T3: 75 kg of plant material and 25 kg of sludge. The...
Comparison of community managed projects and conventional approaches in rural water supply of Ethiopia
September 2016
This study aimed to compare Community Managed Projects (CMP) approach with the conventional approaches (Non-CMP) in the case of Ethiopia. The data collection methods include a household survey (n=1806), community representative interviews (n=49), focus group discussions with district water experts (n=48) and observations of water systems (n=49). The data were collected from seven districts of two regions of Ethiopia....
Geochemical assessment of toxic metals stocking in top-soil within the area of limestone quarry in Gombe of North-eastern Nigeria
September 2016
This work presents an assessment of geochemical toxic metal stocking in top-soil within the area of a limestone quarry in Gombe State. Samples of topsoil from the area of a limestone quarry in Gombe (North-eastern Nigeria) were collected to analyse levels of hazardous substances such as of Hg, Fe, Zn, Ni, Mn, Cu, Cr, Cd and Pb. A total of 24 topsoil samples were collected around the radius of 0.5 km from the blasting...
Modeling sludge accumulation rates in lined pit latrines in slum areas of Kampala City, Uganda
August 2016
Disposal of faecal sludge particularly in slum areas is a difficult undertaking given the lack of space and resources. Inaccurate prediction of sludge accumulation rates (SAR) in pit latrines leads to unplanned pit latrine emptying. Given that the users and owners cannot afford the conventional emptying techniques frequently, inappropriate methods such as open defecation and emptying into storm drainages are employed...
The analysis of physicochemical characteristics of pig farm seepage and its possible impact on the receiving natural environment
August 2016
Pig farm seepage poses an environmental risk, considering that seepage can be generally applied on land without appropriate agronomic criteria or may accidentally spill on the natural environment. These environmental risks include increasing oxygen demand, nutrient loading of water-bodies, promoting toxic and algal blooms eutrophication, thus, leading to a destabilized environment. This research was conducted to...
Assessment of the effect of effluent discharge from coffee refineries on the quality of river water in South-western Ethiopia
August 2016
The ecohydrological quality of water resource of Ethiopia is declining at an alarming rate, resulting in severe environmental degradation. This study finds out the effects of effluent discharge from intensive coffee refineries on river water quality based on physicochemical parameters and benthos assemblages as biological indicators. The experiment was done using complete randomized design (CRD) with three composite...
Statistical analysis of the effects of relative humidity and temperature on radio refractivity over Nigeria using satellite data
July 2016
Meteorological data from the Department of Satellite Application Facility on Climate Monitoring (CM-SAF), DWD Germany have been used to study and investigate the effect of relative humidity and temperature on refractivity in twenty six locations grouped into for climatic regions aloft Nigeria (Coastal, Guinea savannah, Midland and sub Sahelian regions). The four years data collected ranged from 2004 to 2007 and was...
Key factors affecting performance of biogas latrines in urban informal areas: Case of Kampala and Nairobi, East Africa
July 2016
Large scale application of biogas latrine technology in developing countries faces technical, socio-economic and financial challenges. As a result, harnessing its full potential has not been realized. This study examined variables describing the design, construction, operation and maintenance of nineteen biogas latrines in relation to their performance in Kampala and Nairobi, based on survey and field observations....
Combined use of Very Low Frequency Electromagnetic (VLF-EM) and electrical resistivity survey for evaluation of groundwater potential of Modomo/Eleweran area, south western Nigeria
July 2016
Very Low Frequency Electromagnetic (VLF-EM) and electrical resistivity surveys were conducted at Modomo/Eleweran, along Ede-road, south western Nigeria, with a view to delineate the hydrogeophysical characterization of the study area. The area is underlain by the Precambrian Basement Complex rocks. The VLF-EM traverses were established along 6 traverses with a station interval of 10 m with lengths ranging from 130 to...
Physicochemical and bacteriological quality assessment of the Bambui community drinking water in the North West Region of Cameroon
June 2016
In order to ascertain water quality for human consumption, physical and chemical parameters, together with faecal forms of bacteria were evaluated in the drinking water resources of the Bambui community in the North West region of Cameroon. This study was necessitated by the occasional presence of suspended particles in the water and typhoid cases recorded in the Bambui community. Samples of tap water collected from...
Temporal and spatial variability of rainfall distribution and evapotranspiration across altitudinal gradient in the Bilate River Watershed, Southern Ethiopia
June 2016
Rainfall and evapotranspiration are the two major climatic factors affecting agricultural production. This study examined the extent and nature of rainfall variability from measured data while estimation of evapotranspiration was made from recorded weather data. Analysis of rainfall variability is made by the rainfall anomaly index, coefficient of variance and precipitation concentration index. The FAO-56...
Assessment of heavy metals concentration in water, soil sediment and biological tissues of the lesser flamingos in four eastern rift valley lakes
June 2016
The term heavy metal refers to any metallic chemical element that has a relatively high density and is toxic at low concentrations. This study was conducted in four eastern Rift Valley lakes which included Lakes Oloidien, Crater, Elementaita and Nakuru, to determine the presence and levels of lead, arsenic, cadmium and chromium concentration in water, soil sediments and biological tissues of the Lesser Flamingos...
Heavy metal contamination in stream water and sediments of gold mining areas of South Western Nigeria
May 2016
This study assessed the seasonal variation in heavy metal contamination of stream water and sediments in the gold mining area of Atakunmosa West local Government, Osun State, Nigeria. Twelve villages of prominence in illegal gold mining were selected for the study covering dry and wet seasons of 2012. Stream water and sediment samples were randomly sampled for both seasons. Samples were analyzed with atomic absorption...
Dredging induced changes in zooplankton community and water quality in Dal Lake, Kashmir, India
May 2016
A study was conducted from July 2013 to June 2014 to assess the outcome of dredging activity on the water characteristics and zooplankton community structure in Dal Lake. An assessment was done with respect to alterations in physico-chemical parameters and zooplankton community changes in pre-dredged and post-dredging periods. The results showed a considerable reduction in Secchi transparency while water depth,...
Temporal relationship between climate variability, Prosopis juliflora invasion and livestock numbers in the drylands of Magadi, Kenya
April 2016
A study was conducted to determine the association of climate variability, Prosopis juliflora spread, and other vegetation trends with livestock population dynamics in Kajiado County, Kenya. Monthly rainfall, mean monthly temperatures, cattle, sheep and goats populations from January 2000 to December 2014, were analyzed to determine time series trends. Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) data derived from...
Environmental conditions in displaced communities of Khartoum State, Sudan
April 2016
Inadequate environmental sanitation has been recognized as a public health hazard worldwide. Nearly one quarter of all deaths and of the total disease burden and slightly more than one-third for children can be attributed to the changes and degradation of the environment. This study examined the environmental conditions of the displaced communities in Khartoum State, Sudan. A community-based descriptive, cross-sectional...
Development of built environment and its implication on flood risk in Gombe Metropolis, Nigeria
April 2016
The increasing frequency of flood events in urban areas and its devastating impact on lives, properties, resources and the environment as a whole has posed a serious concern to environmental scientist the world over. There are many different perspectives regarding factors responsible for flood risk in urban areas, which range from hydrological extremes to man-induced factors. This paper examines the impact of built...
Spatial dynamic of mobile dunes, soil crusting and Yobe’s bank retreat in the Niger’s Lake Chad basin part: Cases of Issari and Bagara
April 2016
The process of desertification is accelerated in the northern part of Lake Chad basin since the early 1970. Those processes linked to the recurrent drought and a heavy human pressure induced a great environmental damages. So this study based on diachronic cartography (1957, 1975 and 2007) aimed to describe and quantify the degradation dynamics in the contrasting Niger’s Lake Chad basin part. Thus significant...
Using geographic information system (GIS) to determine waste transfer stations in relation to location of landfill sites in Accra Metropolis
March 2016
The existing landfill sites in Accra are reaching full capacity and the acquisition of land for the construction of landfill sites has become very difficult due to rapid developmental activities in Accra. However, with the current rate of development which will cause the construction of landfill sites to be far from the source of generation, there is urgent need to get an intermediate facility, that is, waste transfer...
Assessment of sharps waste management practices in a referral hospital
March 2016
Sharps waste is part of infectious waste generated in health facilities, management of which is critical. This study aimed at assessing the sharps waste management practices in a referral hospital. The study was conducted at Muhimbili National Hospital (MNH) in Dar es Salaam, Tanzania. Data on sharps waste containers (SWCs) management in generation rates was collected for 60 days, while waste incineration data was...
Effect of biochar on soil properties and lead (Pb) availability in a military camp in South West Ethiopia
March 2016
Application of biochar to soil can improve numerous physicochemical and biological properties of the soil. The method for lead metal (Pb) remediation in soil is a challenge worldwide. The excessive Pb accumulation in the soil can radically reduce the soil quality and fertility. This study was conducted to find out the efficiency of biochar in improving the physicochemical properties of soil and to evaluate its effect on...
Physico-chemical and microbiological profile of bacterial and fungal isolates of Ikpoba River in Benin City: Public health implications
March 2016
This study examined the physico-chemical and microbiological profile of bacterial and fungal isolates of Ikpoba River between February 2013 and March 2013. The mean bacterial count for upstream water sample obtained in February was 2 × 102 ±1 cfu/ml while 1.09 × 104 ±3.6 was the count for treated industrial effluent sample collected in March. The mean fungal counts for the downstream water...
Effects of vegetation's degradation on carbon stock, morphological, physical and chemical characteristics of soils within the mangrove forest of the Rio del Rey Estuary: Case study – Bamusso (South-West Cameroon)
March 2016
This study was conducted to assess the capacity of mangroves soils to stock carbon and how degradation can influence its various properties. Transect method was performed. So, two transects of 100 m length and 10 m wide were established according to the degradation level. Total of 18 Soil samples were taken to be described and analysed. The degraded transect (T1) shows a mean carbon stock value of 2102.06 ± 405...
Evaluation of bacterial profile and biodegradation potential of abattoir wastewater
February 2016
Abattoir wastewater treatments were monitored using physicochemical parameters, bacterial profile and biodegradation potential for 28 days at 7 days intervals. The stages of abattoir wastewater treatment were evaluated through determination of physicochemical parameters such as pH, conductivity, total dissolved solid, dissolved oxygen, biochemical oxygen demand, chemical oxygen demand, phosphate, nitrate and iron using...
Evaluation of the impact of mine activity on surrounding soils of Draa Lasfar mine in Marrakech- Morocco
January 2016
Heavy metal pollution is one of the most important problems in Morocco and causes serious effects to humans and animals. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the spatial distribution of heavy metals in Draa Lasfar mine area in Marrakech city and understand the characteristics of the pollution generated by this mine activity. A total of 120 soil samples were collected from Ouled Bou Aicha and Tazakourte along...
Seasonal impact on phyto-accumulation potentials of selected edible vegetables grown in Ishiagu quarry mining effluent discharge soils
January 2016
Seasonal impact on soil trace metals and phytoaccumulation potentials of Cucurbita pepo, Cucumis sativus and Taliferia occidentalis grown in Ishiagu quarry mining effluent discharge soils were investigated. Soil samples were collected 200 m (sample C), 100 m (sample B) away from discharge point (sample A) in wet and dry seasons. Trace metals were analysed using atomic absorption spectrophotometer. Results reveal a...
Projections of precipitation, air temperature and potential evapotranspiration in Rwanda under changing climate conditions
January 2016
Precipitation and air temperature records from 6 sites in Rwanda in the period from 1964 to 2010 are used for past/present climate assessment. Future climate projections (2010-2099) based on 3 general circulation models and 2 emission scenarios (A2 and B1) are used for climate projections. Precipitation, air temperature, and potential evapotranspiration based on ccma_cgcm3_1.1; miroc3_2medres and mpi_echam5.1 models are...
Pollution assessment and heavy metal determination by AAS in waste water collected from Kushtia industrial zone in Bangladesh
January 2016
This study was to investigate the contamination level of waste water in the Kushtia industrial region of Bangladesh. Some parameters of waste water were analyzed like pH, electrical conductance, total dissolved solids (TDS), hardness, biochemical oxygen demand (BOD5), chemical oxygen demand (COD), and for heavy metal (Pb, Cd, Cr, Cu, Mn) concentration. The pH was found to be of range from 8.485 to 4.187; whereas, the...
Assessment of some heavy metals in the surrounding soils of an automobile battery factory in Ibadan, Nigeria
January 2016
The levels of heavy metals (Pd, Zn, Cr, Cd, Fe and Cu in mg/kg) in soils were assessed with respect to distance in different directions around an abandoned battery company in Ibadan, Western Nigeria by using flame atomic absorption spectrophotometry method. The results generally show a decrease of lead (Pb) concentrations with increase in distance away from the company in all the four different directions (Northwest,...
Spatial, seasonal and inter-seasonal variations of thunderstorm frequency over Nigeria
December 2015
Using a 10-year daily data thunderstorm and dry thunder (thunder without precipitation) that spans from 1991-2000, the spatial, seasonal and inter-seasonal variations of thunderstorm frequency have been investigated with results which include the production of seasonal and inter-seasonal maps of dry thunder (thunder without precipitation) and thunderstorm frequencies. Results showed that there exists a latitudinal belt...
Analysis of dendrometric characteristics of Acacia senegal (L.) Willd. (Fabaceae) in the semi-arid Sahelian area: A case study of silvopastoral zone in Senegal
December 2015
The study gives an analysis of the dendrometric parameters of a middle Sahelian species (Acacia senegal) in semi-arid environment to get better knowledge of its behavior. The research lays the principle that the species behaves differently according to the ecogeographical stations. So, its characteristics change from one environment to another. That is why it is important to do a specific study for every big zone. The...
Landscape architects perception of their role in the mining industry in England
December 2015
Landscape architects have a broad based academic training that prepares them to undertake a variety of different challenges in planning, design, construction and management of land. The purpose of this study was to establish their perception regarding their role in the mineral extraction industry in England. The study involved an online survey of landscape architects practicing in different organisations in...
Scrap metals’ role in circular economy in Ghana, using Sunyani as a case study
November 2015
Scrap metals can create jobs. It can also be reused and recycled as resource recovery measure in a circular economic model for Ghana. This case study therefore is a preliminary assessment of the quantity and economic value of scrap metals as essential part of resource recovery in the circular economic model. The findings of the study shows that scrap metal industry is growing in the Sunyani Municipality and similar...
A comparative study of faecal sludge management in Malawi and Zambia: Status, challenges and opportunities in pit latrine emptying
November 2015
This review paper covers the issues of pit latrine emptying national policies and regulations with a focus on Malawi and Zambia. With 2.4 billion people worldwide still lacking improved sanitation facilities, developing countries need to look at policy, regulation and practice for household sanitation service provision with a new lens. What happens “next,” when improved sanitation facilities eventually...
Microbial safety assessment of recreation water at Lake Nabugabo, Uganda
October 2015
This study assessed the microbial safety of Lake Nabugabo beaches for recreation. Faecal microbial indicators and physico-chemical characteristics of beach recreational water were determined. Water sampling was done between 10.00 and 11.30 h and 1700 and 18.00 h. Data was analysed using student t-tests, ANOVA and spearman correlation (at 95%). Results were: total coliform (10.5-15.8 CFU/100 ml), faecal coliform (10-12.5...
Non-carbon benefits for effective implementation of REDD+: The case of Bale Mountains Eco-Region, Southeastern Ethiopia
October 2015
The study was conducted in four districts, namely Nansebo, Harenna Buluk, Dolo Mena and Dodolla, Southeastern Ethiopia with the following objectives - to: (i) investigate species richness and similarity, diversity, evenness and stand structure of the woody species; (ii) determine the amount of carbon stock stored in the above-ground biomass of woody species; (iii) establish the relationship between the Shannon diversity...
Assessment of cobalt levels in wastewater, soil and vegetable samples grown along Kubanni stream channels in Zaria, Kaduna State, Nigeria
October 2015
The concentration of cobalt was determined in wastewater, soil and vegetable (carrot, lettuce, onion, spinach, cabbage, tomato and okra) samples collected on seasonal basis from January, 2013 to September 2014 along Kubanni stream channels in Zaria. The results show cobalt levels in wastewater were in the range of 3.77 - 15.20 mg/L for the year 2013 and 4.74 - 15.20 mg/L in 2014; 0.63 - 3.57 mg/Kg for the year 2013 and...
Investigation of groundwater flow potential in Makurdi, North Central Nigeria, using surficial electrical resistivity method
September 2015
Vertical electrical sounding (VES) employing Schlumberger electrode configuration was carried out in order to study the groundwater flow potential in Makurdi, north central Nigeria. This was done in thirty locations to determine the aquifer resistivity, thickness, longitudinal conductance, hydraulic conductivity and transmissivity. From the result, the averages and ranges of these parameters were determined. 2D contour...
Climate change adaptation strategies by small-scale farmers in Yatta District, Kenya
September 2015
Climate change is a great environmental challenge facing humanity today. In Yatta District, residents report frequent crop failures, water shortages and relief food has become a frequent feature of their life. This study examines the adaptation strategies to climate change adopted by the dry-land farming communities in Yatta District. Study participants included 510 randomly sampled small-scale farmers. Key informants...
Estimation of methane generation based on anaerobic digestion and mass balance at Kiteezi Landfill, Kampala, Uganda
September 2015
Kiteezi landfill site is the main solid waste dumping site in Kampala City (Uganda). In this study, the generation of methane from waste at Kiteezi landfill was measured using laboratory-scale anaerobic digestion experiment and estimated using the Mass balance model. The samples were collected in the wet and dry seasons, with five replicates for each season which were processed for further experiments focused on...
Groundwater quality degradation due to salt water intrusion in Zanzibar Municipality
September 2015
Saltwater intrusion problems are widespread where there are over pumping of groundwater from coastal aquifers. Water samples were collected from production boreholes in Zanzibar municipality and analyzed for salinity indication parameters comprising of chloride, electrical conductivity, total dissolved salts and percentage salinity levels. Historical water quality data of boreholes were also collected and used to...
Pesticide exposures in a malarious and predominantly farming area in Central Ghana
August 2015
In areas where malaria is endemic, pesticides are widely deployed for vector control, which has contributed to reductions in malaria deaths. Pesticide use for agrarian purposes reduces pest populations, thus improving crop production and post-harvest losses. However, adverse health effects have been associated with pesticide exposure, ranging from skin irritation to neurotoxicity and carcinogenicity. Though misuse of...
Environmental impact assessment of waste electronic and electric equipment (WEEE) management practices in developing countries through leaching tests
August 2015
Increasing quantities of domestic and imported waste electronic and electric equipment (WEEE) stimulates a rapid development of informal recycling activities in developing countries. This economically driven recycling, oftentimes based on open burning or acid-base treatment, followed by open dumping of the residues, does not usually fit environmental and public health requirements. For the underlying research, the...
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