Analysis and identification of the volatile compounds in melon-bitter leaf soup
November 2016
Melon-bitter leaf soup is one of the most widely consumed soup delicacies across West Africa, owing to its unique and distinct flavour. The aim of this study therefore was to identify volatile compounds in this soup, thus establishing a critical baseline for further work. Melon-bitter leaf soup was prepared according to standard method. Functional groups of chemical moieties in the soup were obtained using Fourier...
Overview of dairy processing and marketing in East African dairy value chains: Opportunities and challenges
November 2016
Worldwide, the dairy sector is one of the fastest growing productive sectors. The global sector growth in the decade 2011 to 2020 is projected to be higher than that experienced in 2000 to 2010, mainly due to expected robust growth in developing countries. Global milk production in 2014 stood at about 800 million metric tons. India is the global leader in milk production accounting for 16% of output, with the USA coming...
Acceptance and integration of biofortified vitamin A maize into common diets
November 2016
Micronutrient deficiency ranks high as one of the public health challenges facing developing countries. Muti-faceted approaches have been put in place to reduce the impact of this problem, and among them is the promotion and dissemination of staple crops bred to deliberately have higher levels of selected micronutrients like vitamin A. In the Northen part of Zambia, HarvestPlus, working with other partners has been...
Biochemical properties of three lactic acid bacteria strains isolated from traditional cassava starters used for attieke preparation
November 2016
Variable sensorial quality of attieké (a fermented cassava product like couscous) is mainly due to different types of artisanal starters used for fermentation of cassava dough. Biochemical properties of eleven lactic acid bacteria identified as Lactobacillus plantarum strains isolated from these traditional cassava starters were evaluated in vitro. Three of these isolates (Lp 210, Lp 140 and Lp 19) presented...
Determinants of seasonal food insecurity in the ‘green famine’ belt of Ethiopia: The case of households in Belo-jiganfoy District, Benishangul-gumuz region
November 2016
Despite enormous body of literature on household food insecurity and its determinants in the non-green belt of Ethiopia, such a research is scanty or nonexistent in the ‘green famine’ belt. The objective of this study was to examine factors determining household food insecurity in the ‘green famine’ belt of Ethiopia. Logistic regression model was employed to analyze the data collected...
Quantification of inositols in Jatropha curcas L. of different provenances from Mexico
November 2016
The plant, jatropha has attracted worldwide attention for its high oil content. The use of high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) to separate and quantify, for the first time, the phytic acid (inositol hexaphosphate) and lower inositol phosphates (tri-, tetra- and penta-phosphates; IP6, IP5, IP4 and IP3) in toxic and non-toxic (NT) Jatropha curcas seeds from different locations in Mexico was proposed. There are...
Vitamin A losses in a commercial food supply chain of fortified vegetable cooking oil and maize flour: A case from Malawi
November 2016
Vitamin A levels were analyzed in fortified vegetable cooking oil and maize flour through a commercial food supply chain, from the production line to selected retail outlets using standard procedures over different times of exposure to sunlight. Samples from the production line acted as controls. In all the cases, vitamin A levels decreased at various stages of the supply chain with the least retention in products sold...
Chemical, functional, rheological and sensory properties of amaranth flour and amaranth flour based paste
November 2016
Amaranth flour was prepared from amaranth grains, and the chemical, functional and rheological properties were investigated by standard methods, as well as the sensory attributes of the resulting amaranth flour based paste. The results of the proximate composition showed that amaranth flour has a protein content of 14.60%, crude fat content of 8.28%, ash content of 1.87%, total carbohydrate of 71.09% and a food...
Evaluation of dry matter, starch and beta-carotene content in orange-fleshed sweet potato (Ipomoea batatas L.) genotypes tested in three agro-ecological zones of Malawi
November 2016
Evaluation of dry matter, starch, beta-carotene content and stability of eight orange-fleshed sweet potato genotypes was conducted at Bunda College in Malawi. Genotypes LU06/0527, LU06/0252, LU06/0428, LU06/0299, LU06/0258, BV/009, Kenya and Zondeni were evaluated. The genotypes were grown in three agro-ecological zones of Malawi namely Maseya in Chikhwawa District representing low altitude areas with hot climate; Bunda...
Volatile compound analysis of the leaves and seeds of Piper guineense using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS)
November 2016
The volatile compounds in the leaves and seeds of Piper guineense plant from South East Nigeria, were investigated using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). The analysis was carried out to identify the compounds responsible for the characteristic flavor of the flavouring spices. A total of thirty-three volatile constituents were identified in the leaves and seeds of Piper guineense using GC-MS. The major...
Hygienic practices and critical control points along the milk collection chains in smallholder collection and bulking enterprises in Nakuru and Nyandarua Counties, Kenya
November 2016
Dairy value chains link the actors and the activities involved in delivering milk and milk products from production to the final consumer. In every activity, the product increases in value from production, transportation, processing, packaging and storage. The study was designed to evaluate some hygienic practices along the value chain and develop the quality control system (CCPs) in the smallholder supply chain in...
Nutritive values of some non-conventional leafy vegetables and scarcity food plants of north east India
November 2016
Biochemical analysis was made for major nutritional components of eight non-conventional leafy vegetables and scarcity food plants of north east india, most of which occur in the wild. Crude protein content varied from 12.24 to 28.80%. Total carbohydrate varied from 5.35 to 18.80%. Lipid content was found to be low and varied from 2.06 to 6.16%. Total mineral content in the form of ash were found to be impressive and...
Options for enhancing utilization of Jack beans (Canavalia ensiformis) in Tanzania
October 2016
Population increase is forcing mankind to look for alternative food sources from underutilized plants. Jack bean has been earmarked as one of these food sources. The only barrier for its utilization is the presence of inherent toxic compounds that should be removed, to make it edible to humans. A number of researchers have tried various ways in an effort to reach that goal. This study has also tried to perform a number...
Sensory evaluation of wild-captured and pond-raised Tilapias in Malawi
October 2016
A sensory evaluation study was carried out to answer the question: "Are pond raised fish inferior to wild fish?" Lake Malawi Chambo - Tilapia (Oreochromis karongae) and Shire River Tilapia (Oreochromis shiranus) were processed into various products. Panelists evaluated preferences of the fish based on four sensory attributes namely: flavour, smell, taste and texture using a blind sample scoring. Results...
Microbial population and physico-chemical composition of an African Fish based flavouring agent and taste enhancer
October 2016
Sixty samples of a traditional flavouring agent and taste enhancer (FATE) locally referred to as Lanhouin obtained by spontaneous fermentation of cassava fish (Pseudotolithus sp.) and king fish (Scomberomorus tritor), used as traditional condiment to enhance the flavour of many dishes were purchased from processing sites and markets, for physico-chemical and microbiological characterization using standard methods. FATE...
Comparative and quality analyses of different tomato brands sold in major markets in Ibadan, Nigeria
October 2016
Tomato paste is consumed in many homes. It is a good source of lycopene and vitamin C. These are antioxidants which fight against free radicals and oxidative stress. It had been reported that tomato pastes imported into Nigeria were often substandard and adulterated with starch, but these claims have not been supported using evidence based study. The aim of the study was to assess the quality of different tomato brands...
Dietary pattern and nutritional status of primary school pupils in a South Western Nigerian state: A rural urban Comparison
October 2016
Nutrition may be defined as the process, act, or study of how living things use nutrients for energy, growth, and maintenance. Contrary to widely held notions, malnutrition may be caused by people choosing to eat the wrong types of food, rather than a lack of what to eat. The objectives of the study were to describe the dietary pattern of primary school pupils in an urban and rural local government area of Lagos State,...
Evaluation of the consumption and physicochemical characteristics of the leaves of Salacia pynaertii in the food practices of populations of Brazzaville (Congo)
October 2016
The objective of this study was to evaluate the place of Salacia pynaertii in the consumption of vegetables in Congo-Brazzaville, like its nutritional quality. With this intention, an investigation of consumption based on a card was carried out near 117 consumers of S. pynaertii. The data collected carried on the sociodemographic data of the consumers, on the knowledge of this vegetable, and on their consumption like on...
The role of nutraceuticals, functional foods and value added food products in the prevention and treatment of chronic diseases
October 2016
The interest in phytochemicals found in plant foods as bioactive components of the diet has expanded in the last few years. This is because they have been linked with the prevention or reduced progression of many chronic diseases, such as cardiovascular disease, cancer and degenerative diseases. Oxidative stress, which could bring about oxidative damage to DNA, protein and lipids has been found to be a major factor in...
Indicator microorganisms, Salmonella, Listeria monocytogenes, Staphylococcal enterotoxin, and physicochemical parameters in requeson cheese
September 2016
Requeson cheese is an artisanal dairy product widely consumed in Latin America. However, no data is available on its microbiological and physicochemical quality. Eighty-four samples were collected. Identification and enumeration of indicator microorganisms and pathogens were done by conventional culture methods, meanwhile staphylococcal enterotoxin by immunoassay. Bromatological parameters were measure collection day....
Comparison of metal content in seeds of Moringa ovalifolia and Moringa oleifera
September 2016
The study aimed at determining the minor and major elements present in seeds of Moringa ovalifolia and Moringa oleifera. The seeds were air-dried after collection, then ground to a fine powder and digested with acids in a microwave system prior to analysis by inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectroscopy (ICP-OES). The concentration of different elements in M. ovalifolia seeds such as Ca, K, Fe, Ni, Cu,...
Impact of Blighia sapida (k. Koenig) aril powder level in diet on the growth and the well-being of albino Wistar rats
September 2016
The aim of the present investigation was to evaluate the impact of Blighia sapida aril level in diet on the growth of albino Wistar rats and their welfare. A quantity of B. sapida arils was cooked and lyophilized. Thirty six young albinos Wistar rats teams up in six with six homogeneous groups were used for a four weeks research. Young rats group were fed ad libitum with six different diets which can be distinguished by...
The composition and extractability of thermo - molded wheat gluten bio-plastics
September 2016
The study was aimed to evaluate the effect of thermo-molding on gluten and gluten fractions composition and its extractability with 1.0 ml 0.05 M sodium phosphate buffer (pH 6.8) with 2.0% sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) at 130 and 150°C for 5 and 25 min. The gluten, gliadin and glutenin composition as affected by thermo-molding was analysed with reverse phase high performance liquid chromatography (RP-HPLC) and amino...
Production and evaluation of nutrient-dense complementary food from millet (Pennisetum glaucum), pigeon pea (Cajanus cajan) and seedless breadfruit (Artocarpus altillis) leaf powder blends
September 2016
Millet (M) and pigeon pea (P) were fermented (12, 24, 36 and 48 h) and milled into flours used in formulation of complementary foods. The 0 h sample served as the control. These flours and their blends were analysed for functional properties, chemical composition and microbiological count using standard methods. The flours were blended as B55 (M+P flours + breadfruit leaf powder (A) blends, 55:30:15), C60 (M+P flours +...
Crop ash filtrate influence on cooking time and sensory preferences for dried black beans (Phaseolus vulgaris L.)
August 2016
Filtrate made from the burnt ash of crop plant residue is used in cooking in Northern Uganda. This practice is believed to decrease the cooking time of hard-to-cook legumes and provide a culturally preferred taste. The objectives of this study were to: (1) compare cooking times and sensory preferences for dried black beans (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) among four treatments: plain water (control), table salt, crude ground...
Beef consumption and consumer’s knowledge on meat quality in Maroua in the Far North of Cameroon
August 2016
The objective of this study was to determine beef consumption and evaluate the knowledge of consumers on meat quality in Maroua city in the Far North Region of Cameroon. To achieve this, 202 households selected using a gripped map and random selection method were surveyed. The cookers or cooks were surveyed and observed in each household. During this survey, the pieces of beef, as cuts before cooking, were weighted and...
Functional properties of weaning food blends from selected sorghum (Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench) varieties and soybean (Glycine max)
August 2016
Weaning food was produced from the blends of sorghum flour, malted sorghum flour and soybean flour. The physicochemical properties of the formulated weaning food were investigated. Flours from three sorghum varieties (local, improved and hybrid sorghum grains) were, respectively, combined with the sorghum malt and soybean flour at different graded levels. The water holding capacity of the weaning food blends ranged...
Sensory evaluation of extruded quality protein maize-based supplementary foods
July 2016
Maize porridge is widely consumed by children less than five years of age in Tanzania and other countries. The aim of this study was to evaluate the sensory attributes and the overall acceptability of the extruded quality protein maize-based supplementary foods for children in Tanzania. Two ready-to-use supplementary foods were produced by extrusion cooking (quality protein maize-soybeans-common beans and quality...
Evaluation of African giant snails (Achatina and Archachatina) obtained from markets (wild) and breeding farms
July 2016
In the Greater Accra Region there is high demand in consumption of molluscs, which indicates the need for studies on the possibility of disease transmission. Snail meat is usually susceptible to microbial contamination. Shelling is difficult with possibilities of cross contamination. Slime on the meat becomes a hurdle during commercial processing. The objective of the study was to establish the differences in the...
Centesimal composition and bioactive compounds in African mustards used as condiments in Ivory Coast
July 2016
The aim of this research was to evaluate the potential of African locust bean mustard, produced with fermented Parkia biglobosa seed and Glycine max seed, as functional food, focusing on its incorporation into the diet. These mustards contained in iron and zinc are respectively 12.16±0.63 mg/100 g and 8.38±0.3 mg/100 g in African locust bean mustard, and respectively 7 87±0.45 mg/100 g and...
Development of pro-vitamin A and energy rich biscuits: Blending of orange-fleshed sweet potato (Ipomea batatas L.) with wheat (Triticum vulgare) flour and altering baking temperature and time
June 2016
Orange-fleshed sweet potato (OFSP) is a promising root crop due to its high β-carotene content which could help to reduce vitamin A deficiency (VAD). However, it is a less utilized perishable crop. In order to use OFSP tubers, incorporation with other flours in processing and baked products can be considered. The aim of this study was to develop pro-vitamin A and energy rich biscuits through incorporation of OFSP...
Quality control of raw milk in the smallholder collection and bulking enterprises in Nakuru and Nyandarua Counties, Kenya
May 2016
Kenya has one of the largest dairy industries in sub-Saharan Africa. Most of the milk marketed by small-scale farmers in Kenya has been reported to be of poor quality and does not meet national and international standards due to high bacterial load, high somatic cell count, adulteration and antibiotic residues. This study was designed to assess status of microbiological and physico-chemical quality of raw milk from two...
Effects of glucose and clove treatment on the microbial load of Bunyi Youri during fermentation and solar tent drying of the product
May 2016
“Bunyi youri” is a Nigerian fermented sun-dried fish product used as condiment in soups. This study was carried out to determine the effects of glucose and clove treatment on the microbial quality of the fermented and solar tent-dried product. A total of 24 isolates were obtained from the “Bunyi youri” samples analyzed, Micrococcus sp. was the predominant constituting 45.83% of the isolates,...
Quality indicators of ground beef purchased by bidding in a Brazilian university restaurant
April 2016
The objective of the present study was to evaluate the physicochemical characteristics (moisture, lipids, proteins, collagen, collagen-related protein, fixed mineral residue, pH, water activity and color) of bovine ground meat used in a Brazilian university restaurant for over 60 days to ensure the quality of the products purchased. Some of the results were not in line with legislation and literature, suggesting the...
Evaluation of the physicochemical properties of Northern Ghana Sclerocarya birrea seed oil and proximate analysis of the process waste
April 2016
Physicochemical properties and proximate composition of Sclerocarya birrea was studied by n-hexane extraction of its oil. The oil contents of raw and roasted kernel were determined to be 46.4 and 44.1% respectively, and their specific gravity to be 0.88 and 0.91 with acid values of 4.20 and 2.52, respectively. Saponification values were also calculated to be 12.48 and 11.36 in raw and roasted kernel respectively....
Development of ELISA kit for the assay of ichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane in milk and milk products
March 2016
Immunoassay of pesticide residues in foods is gaining importance in the past two decades. The objective of the present work is to develop an enzyme – linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) kit for the assay of dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane (DDT) in milk and milk products. Here, an ELISA method was developed using rabbit polyclonal antibodies against a hapten, DDT-OH for the detection of organochloride pesticide DDT...
Vitamin A stability in Nigerian wheat flour and fortification compliance level
March 2016
Stability and compliance level of fortified Nigerian retailed flour has not been determined. The aim of study therefore was to evaluate vitamin A stability in retailed flour and assess compliance status. Seventeen wheat flour samples were randomly selected from 12 bakeries across six Local Government Areas in Lagos, Nigeria. Pre- and post-storage retinol analyses of retailed flour stored for 30 days were carried out...
Composition and sensory properties of plantain cake
February 2016
Nutrient composition, organoleptic attributes and overall acceptability of plantain cake were evaluated. Plantain fingers in stages 2 (URP) and 5 of ripeness (RP) used in this study were washed, peeled, sliced into small pieces, sun-dried for five days and milled separately into flour. Commercial wheat flour (WF100) served as the control. Each sample was sieved and analyzed for functional properties and nutrients and...
Aroma profile of gowe, a traditional malted fermented sorghum beverage from Benin
February 2016
Spontaneous fermented gowé was characterized by specific flavor produced by different enzymatic activities of microorganisms involved. Gowé was also produced by controlled fermentation using strains of Lactobacillus fermentum and Weissella confusa singly or in combination with Kluyveromyces marxianus and Pichia anomala after an accelerated saccharification. Investigation using Likens-Nikerson extraction...
Influence of means of transportation on the quality of beef from three indigenous cattle breeds in Cameroon
January 2016
The influence of transportation conditions on the quality of beef was evaluated on carcasses from three indigenous cattle breeds in Cameroon. Twenty bulls of similar age (3 to 5 years inclusive) from the Gudali, Red Mbororo and White Fulani breeds transported by train and by truck from the same production zone to the abattoir were investigated. Beef samples were used to evaluate technological and chemical properties....
Residual chlorine and pH influence on hygienic tap quality water consumed in Togo
January 2016
Water is used in personal hygiene, but also for food purposes. Unfortunately, the problem of drinking water consumption persists in developing countries. Water supply involves several stages from collection to storage through packaging and transport. During all these steps, the water can undergo various microbiological, physical and chemical contaminations that can transmit waterborne diseases among consumers. The...
Health factors associated with persistent konzo in four villages in the Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC)
January 2016
Persistent konzo is low level incidence of konzo that is not associated with konzo epidemics due to drought or war. It has been reported from Mozambique and Tanzania. Various health factors associated with persistent konzo in four villages in Kasanji Health Area, Bandundu Province, DRC were studied, where there were 38 konzo cases in a population of 2283, with mean percentage konzo prevalence of 1.7%. Konzo occurred...
Effect of processing methods on nutritional composition, phytochemicals, and anti-nutrient properties of chaya leaf (Cnidoscolus aconitifolius)
December 2015
Nutritional composition, phytochemical and anti-nutrient properties in blanched, boiled, leaves extract, and its residues respectively of Cnidoscolus aconitifolius, were determined using standard analytical methods. The moisture content significantly differed, with its values ranging from 89.30±0.21% in fresh leaves to 68.10±0.02% in leaf residue; the leave extract had the highest protein content...
Effect of gamma irradiation on pasting characteristics and resistant starch levels of starches from locally-improved cassava accessions
December 2015
The purpose of this study was to determine the effects of gamma irradiation on pasting characteristics and resistant starch (RS) levels of starches from some locally-improved cassava accessions. Three cassava accessions were collected from Ministry of Food and Agriculture-Root and Tuber Section at Pokuase, Accra, Ghana. Approximately, 10 kg of each accession was used for the starch extraction. Samples were irradiated at...
Storage influence on beta-carotene and alpha-tocopherol contents of solar-dried Spirulina platensis (Spirulina)
December 2015
Spirulina is called the ideal food for mankind and the World Health Organization considered it "super food" and the best food for the future because of its high nutritional value. The present study aimed to assess the storage influence on the levels of β-carotene and α-tocopherol in solar-dried spirulina. It was an analytical study to determine the levels of β-carotene and α-tocopherol in...
Pasting characteristics of starches in flours of chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) and faba bean (Vicia faba L.) as affected by sorting and dehulling practices
December 2015
This research was conducted to investigate the effect of sorting and dehulling postharvest practices on the pasting properties of flours of kabuli (Habru variety) and desi (local) chickpea and faba bean (local) grains. The legume samples were obtained from Hawassa University’s Agronomy section and prepared for the experiments. The pasting behavior of the flour samples was observed to be greatly influenced by...
Staphylococcus aureus and other Staphylococcus species in milk and milk products from Tigray region, Northern Ethiopia
December 2015
Staphylococcus aureus is an important pathogen that can cause Staphylococcal Food Poisoning (SFP). Milk and dairy products are frequently contaminated by this bacterium. In this study, 310 samples (168 bovine raw milk and 142 dairy products) were collected in the Tigray region of Northern Ethiopia, with the objective of detection and enumeration of S. aureus and other Staphylococcus species. Baird-Parker agar for...
Changes in the quality characteristics of the butter of Pentadesma butyracea under various storage conditions
November 2015
The aim of this study was to identify the storage conditions that warrant the optimum quality of the butter of P. butyracea. An experimental design was set up to study the effects of kernel boiling, the packaging material and the storage duration on the colour, saponification value and unsaponifiable fractions, acid and peroxide values and the iodine index of the butter of P. butyracea. The quality parameters of the...
Effects of various freezing and thawing techniques on pork quality in ready-to-eat meals
November 2015
Meat rapidly decomposes and discolours due to oxidation and enzyme activity; therefore, it must be frozen when stored. This study investigates the effects of different freezing and thawing processes on pork quality. Pork meat was frozen by natural convection freezing (NCF, -38°C), individual quick-freezing (IQF, -45°C), or liquid nitrogen freezing (LNF, -100°C). Freezing was completed when the thermocouple...
Antioxidant activity of Iranian barley grain cultivars and their malts
November 2015
Barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) belongs to the grass family Poaceae and is an ancient and important cereal grain crop. Whole grain products are recommended for healthy diets as being recognized sources of dietary fiber and antioxidant substances such as polyphenols and vitamin E. The current study was conducted to evaluate the antioxidant activity for 19 cultivars (Bahman, MB-82-12, Nosrat, Kavir, Torkman, Makoeei, Karoun,...
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