On generalised fuzzy soft topological spaces
January 2015
In this paper, union, and intersection of generalised fuzzy soft sets are introduced and some of their basic properties are studied. The objective of this paper is to introduce the generalised fuzzy soft topology over a soft universe with a fixed set of parameters. Generalised fuzzy soft points, generalised fuzzy soft closure, generalised fuzzy soft neighbourhood, generalised fuzzy soft interior, generalised fuzzy soft...
Applications of ig, dg, bg - Closed type sets in topological ordered spaces
January 2015
In this paper we discuss possible applications of ig, dg and bg- closed type sets in topological ordered spaces. Key words: dg-closed, bg-closed, ig*-closed, dg*-closed, bg*-closed sets, Closed type sets, topological ordered spaces
A study of Green’s functions for three-dimensional problem in thermoelastic diffusion media
November 2014
The purpose of the present paper is to study the three-dimensional general solution and Green’s functions in transversely isotropic thermoelastic diffuson media for static problem. With this objective, two displacement functions are introduced to simplify the basic equation and a general solution is then obtained by using the operator theory. Based on the obtained general solution, the three- dimensional...
Multivalent harmonic uniformly convex functions
November 2014
In this paper, several properties of the multivalent harmonic uniformly convex classes and were investigated. Coefficient bounds, distortion theorem, extreme points, convolution condition, convex combinations and integral operator for these classes were obtained. Key words: Harmonic, multivalent functions, convex, convolution.
A study of some systems of nonlinear partial differential equations by using Adomian and modified decomposition methods
October 2014
In this paper, we introduce the solution of systems of nonlinear partial differential equations subject to the general initial conditions by using Adomian decomposition method (ADM) and Modified decomposition method (MDM). The proposed Adomian and Modified decomposition methods was applied to reformulated first and second order initial value problems, which leads the solution in terms of transformed variables, and the...
A highly efficient implicit Runge-Kutta method for first order ordinary differential equations
July 2014
In this paper we develop a more efficient three-stage implicit Runge-Kutta method of order 6 for solving first order initial value problems of ordinary differential equations. Collocation method is used to derive Continuous schemes in which both the interpolation and collocation points are at perturbed Gaussian points. This gives a higher order scheme, which is more efficient and stable than the existing similar ones....
Comparative study of reliability parameter of a system under different types of distribution functions
June 2014
In this paper a two unit standby system with single repair facility has been considered. When a working unit fails, it is immediately taken over by standby unit and repair on the failed unit is started immediately. Taking two types of distribution, namely, Weibull and Erlangian, various system effectiveness measures such as MTSF, Availability and Busy Periods are compared and results are interpreted numerically....
A method for the solution of fractional differential equations using generalized Mittag-Leffler function
May 2014
This paper deals with the approximate and analytical solutions of non linear fractional differential equations namely, Lorenz System of Fractional Order and the obtained results are compared with the results of Homotopy Perturbation method and Variational Iteration method in the standard integer order form. The reason for using fractional order differential equations is that, fractional order differential equations are...
Optimal control model for the outbreak of cholera in Nigeria
April 2014
In this work two mathematical models that described the dynamics of cholera in Nigeria were presented. The first model examined the bacteria population using a logistic definition for its growth in the expected habitat and their interaction with the susceptible population. The second model is an optimal control model that includes two time- dependent control functions with one minimizing the contact between the...
On integral invariants of ruled surface generated by the Darboux frame of the transversal intersection timelike curve of two timelike surfaces in Lorentz-Minkowski 3-space
April 2014
In this paper, some characteristic properties of ruled surfaces which are generated by the Darboux frame of the transversal intersection timelike curve of two timelike surfaces were studied in Lorentz-Minkowski 3-Space . Moreover, the relations between the Darboux frames, the Darboux derivate formulas, the apex angles, the pitchs, the geodesic curvatures, the normal curvatures, the geodesic torsions and the dralls of...
A cubically convergent class of root finding iterative methods
February 2014
In this paper, we propose a new two-parameter class of iterative methods to solve a nonlinear equation. It is proved that any method in this class is cubically convergent if and only if the parameters sum up to one. Some of the existing third-order methods, by suitable selection of parameters, can be put in this class. Every iteration of the class requires an evaluation of the function, three of the first derivative,...
Application of exp (-ï¦(ï¸))- expansion method to find the exact solutions of Shorma-Tasso-Olver Equation
February 2014
In this work, we present traveling wave solutions for the Shorma-Tasso-Olver equation. The idea of exp (-f(x))- expansion method is used to obtain exact solutions of that equation. The traveling wave solutions are expressed by the exponential functions, the hyperbolic functions, the trigonometric functions solutions and the rational functions. It is shown that the method is awfully effective and can be used...
A stage-structured two species competition model under the effect of disease
February 2014
In this paper we study the dynamics of two competing species model, one of the competing species is stage structured and the disease spreads only in the other competing specie. In order to keep the model simple, we present it under the strong assumption that the disease cannot cross the species barrier. Dynamical behaviors such as positivity, roundedness, stability, bifurcation and persistence of the model, are studied...
Two-step two-point hybrid methods for general second order differential equations
November 2013
Two-step two-point hybrid numerical methods for direct solution of initial value problems of general second order differential equations are proposed in this study. Chebyshev polynomials without perturbation terms are used as basic function for the development of the methods in predictor-corrector mode. The collocation and interpolation equations are generated at both grid and off-grid points. The resulting...
A fuzzy inference system for predicting depression risk levels
November 2013
This paper reports the findings from the experimental study of an intelligent system driven by Fuzzy Logic (FL) for depression risk diagnosis. Depression is a common psychological disorder that can cause serious health challenges if it remains undiagnosed, misdiagnosed or untreated. It represents a major public health problem identified by the world health organization (WHO) to have affected a vast majority of the...
Hybrid filters for medical image reconstruction
October 2013
The most significant feature of diagnostic medical images is to reduce Gaussian noise, and salt and pepper noise which is commonly found in medical images and make better image quality. In recent years, technological development has significantly improved analyzing medical imaging. This paper proposes different hybrid filtering techniques for the removal of Gaussian noise, and salt and pepper noise. The filters are...
L-stable implicit trapezoidal-like integrators for the solution of parabolic partial differential equations on manifolds
October 2013
A new Trapezoidal-type scheme is proposed for the direct numerical integration of time-dependent partial differential equations. The evolving system of ordinary differential equations after discretization is usually stiff, so it is desirable for the use of a numerical method in solving it to have good properties concerning stability. The method proposed in this article is L-stable and at least of algebraic order two. It...
A theoretical and experimental study of the Broyden-Fletcher-Goldfarb-Shano (BFGS) update
August 2013
This paper discusses theoretically the evolution of a conjugate direction algorithm for minimizing an arbitrary nonlinear, non quadratic function using Broyden-Fletcher-Goldfarb-Shano (BFGS) update in quasi-Newton Method. The updating rule is initialized by a Moore Penrose’s generalized inverse. Specifically, an approximation to the inverse Hessian is constructed and the updating rule for this...
Age and space structured tumour invasion: A theoretical mathematical formulation
August 2013
In this article, the mathematical model used originally proposed by Bruce and co-workers was reviewed and extended. By assuming spherical symmetry of tumour, there were mathematical expressions in the form of partial differential equations along with some suitable conditions for density of proliferating tumor cells, quiescent tumor cells, surrounding tissue macromolecule (MM) and concentration of matrix...
Gain scheduled particle swarm optimization based internal model control for tank level system
August 2013
The proposed work attempts gain scheduled particle swarm optimization (PSO) based internal model control (IMC) for tank level process. IMC requires determining a single parameter l, the filter constant. Optimal value of the filter constant is determined using PSO, an evolutionary technique. The tank process is nonlinear in nature. Model and inverse model are found for each linear region separately...
A new version of the proof of
July 2013
The result gamma n times gamma 1-n is a useful result in the theory of gamma and beta function, it is used to solve a definite integral where the function in it has a multi-valued function, several authors have proved this result in a tedious way. In this paper, we obtain a new version of the proof of and the Legendre duplicating formulas for positive integer n, by using a simple analytical...
Literature review on grid computing
July 2013
The concept of grid has emerged as a new approach to high performance distributed computing infrastructure. In general, Grids represent a new way of managing and organizing computer networks and mainly their deeper resource sharing. Grid computing has evolved into an important discipline within the computer industry by differentiating itself from distributed computing through an increased focus on resource...
N(A)-ternary semigroups
July 2013
In this paper, the terms, ‘A-potent’, ‘left A-divisor’, ‘right A-divisor’, ‘A-divisor’ elements, ‘N(A)-ternary semigroup’ for an ideal A of a ternary semigroup are introduced. If A is an ideal of a ternary semigroup T then it is proved that (1) (2) N0(A) = A2, N1(A) is a semiprime ideal of T containing A, N2(A) = A4 are equivalent,...
Peristaltic transport of micropolar fluid through porous medium in a symmetric channel with heat and mass transfer in the presence of generation and radiation
June 2013
The effect of heat generation and radiation on the peristaltic motion of micropolar fluid with heat and mass transfer through porous medium in a symmetric channel was investigated. The equations of motion for micropolar fluids were introduced as well as the equations of energy and concentration. The system of these equations written in two dimensions and then transformed using the transformations between a...
Weakly symmetric and weakly ricci–symmetric conditions on manifolds
June 2013
In this paper, we have researched the necessary and sufficient conditions for a manifold to be weakly symmetric and weakly Ricci–symmetric and examined the conditions over 1–forms involved in the definitions of weakly symmetric and weakly Ricci–symmetric conditions. We have evaluated some certain results of situations in which a weakly symmetric manifold is with parallel or...
Incidents of cancer in Sudan: Past trends and future forecasts
June 2013
Incidents of cancer in Sudan have been growing in numbers over the last five decades (1967-2010). Using data compiled regularly by radiations isotope of cancer in Khartoum (RICK) - which continued to be the only cancer treatment centre in Sudan for over the last half century- its trend is studied using Box-Jenkins methodology in time series analysis is the optimal method applied to the pattern. This method...
On Pearson families of distributions and its applications
May 2013
In this study we are going to discuss an extended form of Pearson, including the reversed generalized Pearson curves distribution as its subfamily, and refer to it as the extended generalized same distribution. Because of many difficulties described in the literature in modeling the parameters, we propose here a new extended model. The model associated to this heuristic is implemented to validate the...
Cardinality and idempotency of partial one-one convex and contraction transformation semi group
May 2013
Let Xn be a set with finite number of elements following natural ordering of numbers. The formulae for the total number of elements in partial one – one convex and contraction transformation semigroup and its idempotents are obtained and discussed in this paper. The relationship between fix α and idempotency is obtained and stated; an element α is an idempotent if |Imα...
Heat absorption and chemical reaction effects on peristaltic motion of micropolar fluid through a porous medium in the presence of magnetic field
May 2013
In this paper, a study of the peristaltic motion of incompressible micropolar fluid through a porous medium in a two-dimensional channel under the effects of heat absorption and chemical reaction in the presence of magnetic field was studied. This phenomenon is modulated mathematically by a system of partial differential equations which govern the motion of the fluid. This system of equations is solved in...
Starting the five steps Stomer-Cowell method by Adams-Bashforth method for the solution of the first order ordinary differential equations
May 2013
We developed a five-step Stomer-Cowell method using method of interpolation and collocation of power series approximate solution to obtain non linear systems of equation which is solved for the unknown parameters to give a continuous linear multi step method. The continuous linear multi-step is evaluated at selected grid points to give discrete linear multi-step method which serve as the corrector. The...
Modified and a new spectral method for solving nonlinear ordinary differential equations
May 2013
In this paper, we present a modified and new version of spectral method which is based on minimization of obtained residual term in norm, where is a weight function with respect to Jacobi polynomials. Using this approach is efficient and effective rather than Tau and collocation methods. It reduces the nonlinear ordinary differential equations to the nonlinear programming problems which...
Accurate approximate analytical solutions to an anti-symmetric quadratic nonlinear oscillator
May 2013
In this paper, an analytical technique has been developed based on a modified harmonic balance method to determine higher-order approximate periodic solutions for a nonlinear oscillator with discontinuity for which the elastic force term, is an anti-symmetric and quadratic term. Usually, a set of nonlinear algebraic equations is solved with this method. However, analytical solutions of these algebraic...
On fuzzy strongly C – pre open sets and fuzzy strongly C – pre closed sets in fuzzy topological spaces
May 2013
The concept of complement function is used to define a fuzzy closed subset of a fuzzy topological space. That is a fuzzy subset l is fuzzy closed if the standard complement 1-l = l¢ is fuzzy open. Here the standard complement is obtained by using the function C: [0, 1]® [0, 1] defined by C (x) = 1-x, for all x Î[0, 1]. Several fuzzy topologists used this type...
Information theoretic methods in parameter estimation
April 2013
In the present communication entropy optimization principles namely maximum entropy principle and minimum cross entropy principle are defined and a critical approach of parameter estimation methods using entropy optimization methods is described in brief. Maximum entropy principle and its applications in deriving other known methods in parameter estimation are discussed. The relation between maximum...
Profit maximization among dry season vegetable farmers
April 2013
Dry season vegetable production in Nigeria has become as important as income generating occupation that there are always shortages of suitable land for the numerous producers. Production is undertaken under irrigation and it is characterized by intense mixed cropping. Four major inputs are put into consideration apart from land allocation in vegetable production, they are: hired labor activities, fertilizer...
A quasi Lindley distribution
April 2013
A two-parameter Quasi Lindley distribution (QLD), of which the Lindley distribution (LD) is a particular case, has been introduced. Its moments, failure rate function, mean residual life function and stochastic orderings have been discussed. It is found that the expressions for failure rate function, mean residual life function, and stochastic orderings of the QLD shows its flexibility over Lindley...
Specification parameters for linear estimators in probability proportional to size sampling scheme
April 2013
Estimation of population parameters using the generalized moment estimators under probability proportional to size sampling scheme requires that the specification parameter, k defining these moments differs from one population to the other due to varying statistical properties of the study and measure of size variables. In this study, the approximate value of the specification parameter that minimizes the...
Statistical grouping of cassava mosaic disease-resistant varieties cultivated by the National Root Crops Research Institute, Umudike, Nigeria
March 2013
Similarity level of secondary data on proximate composition of fufu flour measured from 44 cassava mosaic diseases (CMD) resistant varieties was obtained in order to group the 44 cassava varieties. The distant coefficient generated between the 44 CMD resistant varieties ranged from 0.000 to 51.510. The distance measures with low coefficient are grouped together. The agglomerative hierarchical...
Solution of a class of singular two point boundary value problems by variational method
March 2013
In this study, He’s highly prolific variational iteration method (VIM) is applied effectively for showing the existence, uniqueness and solving a class of singular second order, two point boundary value problems. The process of finding solution involves generation of a sequence of appropriate and approximate iterative solution function equally likely to converge to an exact solution of the...
A model teaching for the cycloid curves by the use of dynamic software with multiple representations approach
March 2013
This study proposes the use of dynamic software that will enable students to explore a specific kind of parametric equation at the tertiary level. Firstly, it was aimed at visualizing the basic cycloid curve which is the trajectory of a point on the circle rolling along x-axis. Then, the mathematical meaning of the design process, which is mostly based on the syntax, was tried to be drawn out. It...
A study on hypo hamiltonian graphs
March 2013
A graph is said to be Hamiltonian if it contains a spanning cycle. The spanning cycle is called a Hamiltonian cycle of G and G is said to be a Hamiltonian graph. A Hamiltonian path is a path that contains all the vertices in V(G) but does not return to the vertex in which it began. A graph G is said to be hypo hamiltonian if for each vV (G), the vertex sub graph G-v is Hamiltonian. This paper...
Two non-standard finite difference schemes for the Timoshenko beam
March 2013
In this paper, we derive two non-standard finite difference schemes for the Timoshenko beam problem. The schemes are uniform with respect to the thickness small parameter of the beam, thus, no locking phenomenon occurs. Numerical results are presented. Key words: Timoshenko beam, non-standard difference scheme, locking phenomenon
Probabilistic analysis of two warm standby system with instructions at need
February 2013
This paper is concerned with two unit warm standby systems having one expert repairman and one assistant repairman. The assistant is called only if the expert repairman is busy. The assistant repairman who may repair the failed unit after getting instructions by his master; but sometimes the assistant repairman may repair it without having the need of instructions for doing repair with...
Bianchi Type I tilted perfect fluid cosmological model in general relativity
January 2013
In this paper, we have investigated a tilted Bianchi Type I cosmological model filled with dust of perfect fluid in general relativity because tilted dust models are quite homogeneous and expanding. To get a determinate solution, we have assumed a linear relation between shear and expansion, that is, = constant ( is shear tensor and is expansion of the model), which leads to A =...
Some new aspects on imputation in sampling
January 2013
The number of causes that affect the quality of survey and missing data is one of such that keeps sample incomplete. Many imputation methods are available in literature, and are used to replace missing observations like Mean method, Ratio method, Compromised method, Ahmed’s method, Factor-type (F-T) method etc. This paper suggests some new estimation aspects in imputation theory...
A stochastic knapsack problem with additive model of contagious distribution for the weight
December 2012
In this paper, our concern is on modelling a stochastic knapsack problem with the mixture of two known distributions (Gamma and Exponential) using additive form. The behavioural pattern of this mixed distribution is presented graphically and properly examined with different values of the parameters. It was shown that the new distribution is a proper probability density function (PDF) and its mean and variance...
The moment generating function of the distribution of
December 2012
This paper presents a proposed alternative method of expression of joint distribution of powers of two continuous random variables when both powers are necessarily not whole numbers. Hence, in finding the alternative moment generating function (AMGF) of the joint distribution of some functions of a given random variable, it is not necessary to find and use the joint distribution of these functions, it is...
Measuring strength of association in repeated samples
December 2012
This paper developed a measure of the strength of the association between populations based on ranks appropriate for the analysis of mixed effects model typed data with one observation per cell. We developed a test statistic for the proposed measure. From the result of the analysis, it was observed that the proposed method is comparable to Kendal’s coefficient of concordance which assume the value...
Solving three-dimensional (3D) Laplace equations by successive over-relaxation method
November 2012
Motivated by the assertion that all physical systems exist in three space dimensions, and that representation in one or two space dimensions entails a large degree of approximations. The main objective of this paper is to extend the successive over-relaxation (SOR) method which is one of the widely used numerical methods in solving the Laplace equation, the most often encountered of the Elliptic partial...
Penalty function methods using matrix laboratory (MATLAB)
November 2012
The purpose of the study was to investigate how effectively the penalty function methods are able to solve constrained optimization problems. The approach in these methods is to transform the constrained optimization problem into an equivalent unconstrained problem and solved using one of the algorithms for unconstrained optimization problems. Algorithms and matrix laboratory (MATLAB) codes are...
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