Rhamnolipid biosurfactant production by Pseudomonas aeruginosa strain KVD-HR42 isolated from oil contaminated mangrove sediments
February 2017
Pseudomonas aeruginosa strain KVD-HR42 exhibiting growth and biosurfactant production with 1% molasses as the sole carbon source was isolated from oil contaminated mangrove sediments. Optimization of media conditions involving variations in carbon, nitrogen sources, amino acids, pH, temperature, and NaCl% were evaluated with the aim of increasing biosurfactant productivity and surface tension reduction (STR). The...
In vitro antifungal effect of potassium sorbate and sodium benzoate on the growth of fungi causing sinusitis
February 2017
The study involved 70 nasal swab collected from people suffering from sinusitis and consulted the Ear, Nose and Throat Unit in Al-Diwaniya Teaching Hospital, Iraq during the period from 12 June to 12 August 2016 with ages ranging from 0-65 years old. The results showed that the number of nasal swabs that gave fungal growth was 36/70 (51.428%); highest percentage of fungal infection was recorded in ages ranging from...
Production and characterization of biosurfactant isolated from Candida glabrata using renewable substrates
February 2017
The world market for biosurfactants has grown gradually. However, the lack of competitiveness with chemical surfactants due to high cost of production remains a concern. Considering the need to reduce the costs of production, the aim of this work was to study the production and structural characterization of a biosurfactant produced by a strain of yeast Candida glabrata UCP 1556. The low-cost medium containing...
Prevalence and risk of heterotrophic microorganisms in a carbonated soft drink factory
February 2017
A farm to fork approach was used to establish the prevalence and risk of microorganisms in a carbonated soft drinks factory in south eastern Nigeria. Raw materials, intermediate and finished products were collected from 19 microbiological control points in a processing environment and analysed using membrane filtration over a 12 month period. Yeasts and other heterotrophic bacteria increased during the rainy season but...
Microbiological assessment of drinking water with reference to diarrheagenic bacterial pathogens in Shashemane Rural District, Ethiopia
February 2017
Fecal contamination of drinking water is a major problem in rural communities of Ethiopia, where surface water sources like rivers, wells, and lakes are used for drinking. In spite of these problems, few data exist on the microbiological safety of water sources in these settings. Therefore, the aim of this study was to investigate the microbiological safety of drinking water from the sources and households in selected...
Evaluation of biocontrol properties of Streptomyces spp. isolates against phytopathogenic fungi Colletotrichum gloeosporioides and Microcyclus ulei
February 2017
South American Leaf Blight (SALB) of the rubber tree, caused by Microcyclus ulei and foliar anthracnose caused by Colletotrichum gloeosporioides, are diseases that adversely affect rubber cultivation in America. Both diseases have a significant economic impact on this agricultural subsector. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the potential as biological control agents of three Streptomyces species strains,...
Endogenous fungi isolated from three locoweed species from rangeland in western China
February 2017
Leguminous locoweeds cause toxicosis to grazing animals in western China and western USA. Swainsonine, a toxic alkaloid, is produced by the endophytic fungus Alternaria section Undifilum sp. living within the locoweed plants. Nothing is known of the other endogenous fungi associated with locoweed and it is unknown if the presence of Alternaria sect. Undifilum sp., a potential mutualist, in a locoweed influences the...
Microbial community structures of an offshore and near-shore oil production facilities after biocide treatment and the potential to induce souring and corrosion
February 2017
Microbial communities of six samples from Escravos and Meren oil production facility in Nigeria were examined after biocide treatment using cultural and molecular approaches. Sulfate reducing bacteria (SRB) count and activity were the highest in skimmer pit samples (1N1) which was affiliated with Euryarchchaeota (44%) and Proteobacteria (39%). Treatment of Meren injection water (1N2) with biocides significantly reduced...
Microbiological quality of selected dried fruits and vegetables in Maseru, Lesotho
February 2017
Food safety is a global issue, affecting food production and processing. The study assessed the microbiological quality of commercially dried fruits and home dried fruits and vegetables in Lesotho. Moisture content, pH and water activity of the fruits and vegetables were determined using standard methods. Nine different growth media were used for microbial evaluation. Moisture content and water activity were within...
Enhancement of the expression of defense genes in tomato against Ralstonia solanacearum by N-octanoyl-L-homoserine lactone
February 2017
Many Gram-negative bacteria use N-acyl-homoserine lactone (AHLs) as quorum sensing (QS) signalling molecules to monitor their population density and to regulate gene expression in a density dependent manner. Recently, it has been shown that AHLs are detected by the plants and they trigger plant defense responses. In this study, N-octanoyl-L-homoserine lactone (C8-HSL) has been used as resistant inducer against bacterial...
Microbiological quality of raw vegetables and ready to eat products sold in Abidjan (Côte d’Ivoire) markets
February 2017
Vegetables are usually consumed raw. This implied best hygienic conditions from the harvest to the processing because of the gastro-enteritis that they could provoke. This study was conducted with the aim to appreciate microbiological quality of raw tomatoes, endives and ready-to-eat products sold in markets. Samples were taken randomly in two markets of Abidjan. A microbiological analysis was done in order to identify...
Characteristics of 32 Acinetobacter baumanni isolates co-harboring OXA-Carbapenemases and 16S rRNA methylase gene
January 2017
Multiple drug-resistant strains of Acinetobacter have become common in hospitals worldwide. The problem becomes more acute with existence of hidden Carbapanemase-resistance genes that co-exist with other resistance determinants. Based on this, this research aims to determine the occurrence and co-existence of OXA-type carbapenemases and 16S rRNA methylase gene among clinical isolates of A. baumannii in a Jilin hospital,...
Phytochemical screening of Azadirachta indica A. Juss for antimicrobial activity
January 2017
Azadirachta indica A. Juss, known as neem (Meliacea family), has insecticide and pesticide properties, and many studies have shown their efficacy as antifungal, anti-inflammatory, among others. Studies for the development of drugs from plants are rising due to several factors such as bacterial resistance, indiscriminate use and the adverse reactions of antibiotics. In this study, phytochemical triage and thin layer...
Prospecting of efficient rhizobia for peanut inoculation in a Planosol under different vegetation covers
January 2017
Peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.) is capable of establishing an efficient symbiosis with a wide range of rhizobia, nevertheless, the inoculation of this legume is under used due to lack of information on the bacteria naturally established in soils and the agronomic and economic viability of the practice. The aim of this study was to evaluate the diversity and the symbiotic efficiency of peanut rhizobia from a Planosol under...
Identification and production of biofilm by Staphylococcus aureus isolated from buffalo milk and milking environment
January 2017
The interest in production of buffalo milk is increasing in Brazil due to its physico-chemical and nutritional characteristics. However, just as sheep, goats and cows are susceptible to mastitis, so are buffaloes, which is mainly caused by Staphylococcus aureus. In this regard, biofilm formation, the ability to escape host immune defense and virulence factor, is presumably a key factor for acute and chronic...
Improving ethanol production by co-culturing of Saccharomyces cerevisiae with Candida tropicalis from rice husk hydrolysate media
January 2017
The use of agricultural by-product as feed stock and co-culture fermentation is a good strategy for improving the efficiency of fermentation and ethanol production. Most rice husks have low protein and nitrogen content and need to be supplemented with nitrogen for fermentation process. This research sought to determine the optimal supplementation of rice husk stream–based fermentation medium with nitrogen and...
Engineered microbial consortium for the efficient conversion of biomass to biofuels: A preliminary study
January 2017
This work showed ethanol production by a microbial consortium of Clostridium cellulolyticum and a recombinant Zymomonas mobilis (ZM4 pAA1). The ZM4 pAA1 and wild type ZM4 (ZM4 WT) were first tested on RM medium (ATCC 1341) containing 2% cellobiose as the carbon source. Ethanol production from ZM4 pAA1 was three times higher than that observed from the ZM4 WT. Concomitant with ethanol production was the reduction in OD...
Antibiotic resistance and molecular characterization of Staphylococcus species from mastitic milk
January 2017
Species within the Staphylococcus genus are important mastitis pathogens. Studies to describe virulence and antibiotic resistance as well as rapid techniques that permit analyses strains are needed. The aims were to identify and characterize Staphylococcus spp. isolated from mastitic milk, and to optimize multiplex polymerase chain reactions (PCR). Staphylococci previously isolated from milk of dairy cows with...
Diversity and distribution of the endophytic fungal community in eucalyptus leaves
January 2017
Eucalyptus species are among the most widely grown and most economically valuable trees worldwide. In Brazil, eucalyptus is of major environmental and economic importance because it generates thousands of jobs and offers an alternative to using wood from native forests. In forest ecosystems, plant shoots are considered a common habitat for various microorganisms, and plants of the family Myrtaceae are an important...
Dual-path platform (DPP) and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA): Change the sequence of the tests does not change the number of positive dogs for canine visceral leishmaniasis
January 2017
The Brazilian Ministry of Health determined in 2012 that the official protocol for diagnosis of Canine Visceral Leishmaniasis (CVL) would be the Dual-Path Platform (DPP) for screening, followed by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) for confirmation. This study evaluated serum samples from 426 dogs from a region in northern Brazil. All samples were tested according to the Official Protocol and the sequence...
Escherichia coli bacteremia: Clinical features, risk factors and clinical implication of antimicrobial resistance
January 2017
Escherichia coli is an important cause of both community acquired (CA) and hospital acquired (HA) bacteremia. A prospective study was conducted at a tertiary care University Hospital from January, 2012 to July 2014, to compare the clinical features, risk factors, outcomes and antimicrobial resistance between E. coli bacteremia acquired from the community (CA) versus E. coli bacteremia acquired from the hospital (HA)....
Thermostable xylanase from thermophilic fungi: Biochemical properties and industrial applications
January 2017
Filamentous fungi have been investigated as producer of xylanases with relevant characteristics for application in different industrial sectors, such as bakery, beverage, biofuel, textile, animal feed, pharmaceutical, pulp and paper. Thus, this review will focus on biochemical properties and industrial use of thermostable xylanases produced by different filamentous fungi, as well as mechanisms of adaptation of...
A systematic review of antibiotic-resistant Escherichia coli and Salmonella data obtained from Tanzanian healthcare settings (2004-2014)
January 2017
Antibiotic-resistant Escherichia coli and Salmonella are an increasing challenge to global health. In Tanzania reliable data is limited for trends of resistance in major hospital-acquired pathogens. Data on the prevalence of antibiotic-resistant E. coli and Salmonella from Tanzanian sources (2004-2014) was extracted from PubMed and Google Scholar databases (April-June, 2015). Descriptive statistics and...
Bacterial populations of mosquito breeding habitats in relation to maize pollen in Asendabo, south western Ethiopia
January 2017
Mosquito larvae feed on particulate organic matter including microorganisms. This study was conducted to investigate the diversity and abundant bacteria of Anopheles mosquito larva breeding habitats and to evaluate the contribution of maize pollen as source of nutrients for bacterial growth. The nutrient composition (COD, NH3-N and TP) of the larva breeding habitats water samples were measured by HACH 2010. Bacteria...
Diversity and composition of methanotrophs in paddy soil as affected by different long-term fertilizer management from double-cropping paddy fields in Southern China
January 2017
Methane (CH4) is the most important greenhouse gas, which was produced from paddy fields. The CH4 production and emission were affected by methane–oxidizing bacteria (methanotrophs). Therefore, it is significant to investigate the effects of fertilizer applications on the change of soil methanotrophs, which affected CH4 emission. The objective of this paper was to describe changes of CH4 and diversity and...
A very high frequency of hepatitis B and C virus infections during an active screening campaign in Abidjan
January 2017
Viral hepatitis is a serious public health problem affecting billions of people globally. Limited information is available on this issue in Cote d’Ivoire. The objectives of this study were to determine the prevalence and factors associated with hepatitis B virus (HBV) and hepatitis C virus (HCV) during an active screening campaign in Abidjan. A cross-sectional study was conducted at Pasteur Institute of Cote...
Antimicrobial activity of Phoma sp. URM 7221: An endophyte from Schinus terebinthifolius Raddi (Anacardiaceae)
January 2017
The discovery of new metabolites potentially bioactive against pathogenic microorganisms, mainly multidrug resistant, has aroused interest in endophytic fungi. The plant-associated microorganisms have been an important source for development of new compounds of biotechnological interest. This study aimed to investigate the antibacterial capacity of the endophytic fungus, Phoma sp. URM 7221 isolated from the medicinal...
Effect of organic and inorganic fertilizer applications on phosphate solubilizing bacteria in the rhizosphere of maize (Zea mays L.)
December 2016
A field experiment was conducted between August and October, 2014 at the Department of Microbiology to assess the effect of organic and inorganic fertilizers on the population and activities of Phosphate Solubilizing Bacteria (PSB) in the rhizosphere of maize variety BR9928DMRSR-Y. Three treatment groups were used in the study and these were: Groups which received applications of organic fertilizer (Poultry litter)...
Seasonal emergence of swine erysipelas in hilly state Nagaland, Northeast India
December 2016
Seasonal outbreaks of swine erysipelas have been reported in back yard pig farms in the Phek district of Nagaland, India. The alpha haemolytic isolate of Erysipelothrix rhusiopathiae was recovered on blood agar from the clinical samples. The organisms were confirmed microscopically, biochemical analysis as well as by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) amplification of 16S rRNA gene and sequence analysis. These Nagaland...
Reuse of anaerobic reactor effluent on the treatment of poultry litter
December 2016
Anaerobic digestion of poultry litter was studied with reutilization of its effluent in the process by pumping into reactor feeding, contributing to the moisture content and making part of the feeding organic load: 0.5 and 1.0 kg VS/m3/day, at evaluations 1 and 2, respectively. The hydraulic residence time lasted 10 days for both evaluations and the useful volume of reactor was 35 m3, with a semi-continuous reactor...
Evaluation of in vitro inhibition of mycelial growth of Fusarium solani f. sp. piperis by different products in Brazil
December 2016
The black pepper (Piper nigrum L.) is one of the most popular peppers in the world. Nonetheless, there are several limitations on cultivation, resulting in reduced production or a complete loss of the crop. The major disease affecting this crop is fusarium root rot caused by Fusarium solani f. sp. piperis, which is responsible for decimating whole crops in Brazil, with losses reaching millions of dollars per year. So...
Survival of Salmonella Enteritidis and Escherichia coli in cactus cladodes under domestic marketing conditions in Mexico
December 2016
In Mexico, during domestic marketing of cactus cladodes, called “nopalitos”, there is a tendency not to provide refrigerated storage, and sometimes dealers do not take care of the hygienic conditions of the product during commercialization. Therefore, the objective of this study was to evaluate the survival of Salmonella Enteritidis and Escherichia coli on cladodes of Opuntia ficus-indica Var. Atlixco under...
Effect of compaction of soil on the development and production of cowpea inoculated with rhizobium
December 2016
Cowpea is considered as one of the most important species in Brazil, for presenting essential components to the feeding process, which makes it relevant to identify the physical, chemical and biological conditions that benefit or cause damage to its development. Thus, the objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of inoculation with rhizobia strains in compacted soil on the development and production of cowpea....
Mutations in β-lactamases detected in multidrug resistant gram negative bacteria isolated from community acquired urinary tract infections in Assiut, Egypt
December 2016
The aim of this study was to characterize the beta lactamases genes of bacteria isolated from urinary tract infection (UTI) in Assiut, Egypt. Results revealed that one hundred fifty nine [31.8%] out from 500 urine samples were culture-positive. Escherichia coli was the most common UTI pathogen [61%] followed by Klebsiella pneumoniae [23.3%], Proteus mirabilis [8.2%] and Pseudomonas aeruginosa [7.5%]. Sensitivity of...
Prevalence and Antibiotic Susceptibility of Escherichia coli and Salmonella spp. isolated from milk of zero grazed cows in Arusha City
December 2016
The present study assessed the antibiotic susceptibility patterns of Escherichia coli and Salmonella isolates of raw milk from zero grazed cows. A total of 65 milk samples were collected for analysis. The standard membrane filtration technique and HiCrome E. coli agar were used in isolation of E. coli from milk samples. Isolation of Salmonella species employed pre-enrichment in buffered peptone water followed by...
Potential control of beans (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) wilt disease using growth regulators, bioagent, antioxidants and essential oils as foliar application under field conditions
December 2016
The efficacy of some fungicide alternatives as foliar spray was evaluated against bean wilt incidence under field conditions. The fungicide alternatives were indole acetic acid, gibberllic acid, Trichoderma harzianum, vitamins E and C, lemon grass, moringa leaf and thyme oils. The obtained results showed that the applied fungicide alternatives treatments could suppress the incidence of green bean wilt. In the light of...
Antibacterial activity of selected medicinal plants used in South-western Ethiopia
December 2016
Traditional medicinal plants claim many traditional uses across different parts of the world. In Ethiopia, it remains the main source of treatment for the majority of human population and livestock. The aim of this study was to evaluate antibacterial activity of crude extracts of some traditional medicinal plants commonly used for traditional human medication in selected localities of Jimma Zone, Southwest Ethiopia....
Combination antibiotic-phytochemical effects on resistance adaptation in Staphylococcus aureus
December 2016
Emergence and rapid spread of antibiotic resistance has become one of the leading causes of treatment failures in case of bacterial infections. Antibiotic combinations are generally used to enhance the overall efficacy of therapy with the aim to generate synergistic outcomes. It further helps in reduction of total antibiotic dosage. Phytochemicals are known to have multiple bacterial targets that modulate or modify...
Bacteriocins of Gram-positive bacteria: Features and biotherapeutic approach
December 2016
Bacteriocins are potent antimicrobial peptides produced by every bacterial and archeal species reported to date. The most studied are bacteriocins produced by lactic acid bacteria (LAB) and many species of Bacillus. Knowledge on the classification, biosynthesis and transport of these peptides is changing continually because the discovery and characterization of new bacteriocins increases, thus, the research reports...
Molecular characterization of local strains of Bacillus thuringiensis in the North of Algeria
December 2016
The analysis of soil samples taken from orange groves located in four cities of Northern Algeria allowed the isolation and identification of 24 strains belonging to the group Bacillus cereus, based on their physiological, biochemical and molecular characters investigated. They were divided as follow: 12 strains of Bacillus thuringiensis, 1 strain of Bacillus pumilis, 4 strains of Bacillus cereus, 5 strains of Bacillus...
Escherichia coli O157, Staphylococcus aureus and coliforms in crude and processed bovine milk marketed
December 2016
Fifty-five (55) samples from five municipalities in the Recôncavo from Bahia region were analyzed between May and July 2015 to evaluate the sanitary quality and the presence of pathogens of crude and processed bovine milk samples. Psichrotrophic, mesophilic and thermophile rates and the count of Escherichia coli, E. coli O157: H7 Staphylococcus aureus and Listeria monocytogenes were done by microbiological methods...
Rhizobia isolation and selection for serradella (Ornithopus micranthus) in Southern Brazil
December 2016
ability to associate symbiotically with rhizobia. The objective of this study was to isolate, authenticate and select effective rhizobia obtained from native serradella (Ornithopus micranthus) to reduce the need for mineral fertilizer. Nodules, roots of serradella and rhizosphere soil samples were collected in seven municipalities from Rio Grande do Sul and Santa Catarina states. Bacterial colonies were isolated and...
Optimization of parameters to increase the xylose reductase production from Candida tropicalis strain LY15 using corn cob as hemicellulose waste substrates
December 2016
Xylose reductase (XR) is a key enzyme in order to obtain xylitol from xylose. It has vast applications in biotechnology including xylitol production. The present study aimed to estimate and characterize XR from Candida tropicalis strain LY15. C. tropicalis strain LY15 showed xylose utilization ability and xylose reductase activity after 48 h of incubation at pH 6.5, incubation temperature 28°C and rotation speed 140...
Effects of acidification on the extension of shelf life of Japanese wet-type noodles (woo-long noodle)
December 2016
Noodles are one of the most important foods worldwide; various methods have been reported to extend their shelf life. In this study, the effects of dipping noodles in various concentrations of acidulant solutions (organic acids) on the shelf life of the noodles were evaluated. The results showed that the growth of the tested microorganisms, that is, Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus and Bacillus cereus, was...
Potential of certain cultivars and resistance inducers to control gray mould (Botrytis cinerea) of pepper (Capsicum annuum L.)
December 2016
Four different highly economic value pepper cultivars Trezaa, Emberu, Mazurka and Taranto usually grown in Egypt were used to evaluate the efficacy of certain resistance inducers to enhance resistance of pepper fruits against gray mould fungus. Pathogenicity tests with Botrytis cinerea (BC-3 isolate) revealed that cv. Mazurka (Red Colour) was most tolerant and exhibited 40.15% rot severity, while cv. Emberu (Yellow...
Survey of Cryptococcus neoformansin pigeon (Columba livia) excreta in Public Square in Umuarama, Paraná, Brazil
November 2016
Cryptococcosis is a common opportunistic fungal infection caused by encapsulated yeast of the Cryptococcus genus, mainly by the Cryptococcus neoformans and Cryptococcus gattii species. The fungus is acquired through the inhalation of environmental propagules or, more rarely, through organ transplants in immune-compromised individuals. Domestic pigeons (Columba livia) are related to the infection, mainly as natural...
Induction of defense mechanisms from filtrates of saprophytic fungi against early blight disease in tomato
November 2016
The induction of defense enzymes presents efficient plant disease management when triggered by metabolic products of microorganisms. The aim of the present study is to select filtered saprobes fungi used for the management of early blight of tomato by inducing pathogenesis related to tomato plant. Filtrates of the fungi Curvularia eragrostidis, Curvularia inaequalis, Memnoniella echinata and Pseudobotrytis terrestris...
Eugenol and linalool: Comparison of their antibacterial and antifungal activities
November 2016
Antimicrobial resistance is one of the greatest threats to human health. Alternatives to antimicrobials are needed to combat the rise of bacterial resistance. Essential oils (EOs) and their components are potential sources of new antimicrobials. The present study was conducted to evaluate the antibacterial and antifungal activities of two components of EOs. The antimicrobial mechanisms of eugenol and linalool were...
Characterization of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi in apple (Malus domestica Borkh) growing area in Kashmir Himalaya (India): A case study of Bandipora district
November 2016
Rhizosphere soil samples and root pieces of 3 year old apple trees (var. Red delicious) were collected from 10 villages of district Bandipora of Kashmir Himalaya. Samples were processed for isolation of arbuscular mycorrhizal spores and their identification. On the basis of various morphological characters such as spore shape, colour, size, hyphal colour and with the help of International Collection of...
Storage behaviour and functionality of a heat stabilized starter derived from an African opaque sorghum beer
November 2016
Tchoukoutou is a traditional sorghum opaque beer produced and consumed in Benin. It is obtained from an uncontrolled fermentation of sorghum wort using a traditional starter called “kpete-kpete”. The present study assessed the effects of storage duration on the physicochemical and microbiological characteristics as well as on the functional properties of the heat stabilized starter produced from...
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