Effect of sheep grazing on forage yield, yield components and grain yield of local black barley, under rainfall conditions in Iraqi Kurdistan
August 2011
In Iraqi Kurdistan, farmers usually graze young barley if it sown early in fall and then let the crops recover for grain production. Barley field that was established from the seeds of harvest lost from the previous season (2008 to 2009), due to poor adjustment of the combine harvester. The plant population density was 190/m² at 13-2-2010; this was close to the normal rate 200 /m². The...
Effect of calcium, magnesium, sodium and potassium on farm plantations of various agroeclogical zones of Punjab, Pakistan
August 2011
The immense impact of trees in the development of a country cannot be denied and over-emphasized. Pakistan has a narrow forest resource base extending over only about 4.8% (4.59% excluding farmland plantations) of its area, which is insufficient to provide the material needs for the growing population, expanding and to retard and arrest the ongoing environmental and ecological degradation process. Based on...
Seedbed preparation influence on morphometric characteristics of perennial grasses of a semi-arid rangeland in Kenya
August 2011
Semi-arid rangelands in Kenya are an important source of forage for both domestic and wild animals. However, indigenous perennial grasses notably Cenchrus ciliaris (African foxtail grass), Eragrostis superba (Maasai love grass) and Enteropogon macrostachyus(Bush rye grass) are disappearing at an alarming rate. Efforts to re-introduce them through restoration programs have often yielded little...
Evaluation of anthelmintic activity of the stem bark extract and chemical constituents of Bridelia ferruginae (Benth) Euphorbiaceae
August 2011
Anthelmintic properties of the stem bark extract and compounds isolated from Bridelia ferruginae were investigated. In relation to the traditional use of B. ferruginae against gastro-intestinal infections, bioactivity-guided fractionations of the CHCl3- and CH2Cl2-soluble fractions of the 80% MeOH extract from the stem barks of B. ferruginae yielded two known triterpenoids:...
Soil physicochemical properties under Acacia senegal varieties in the dryland areas of Kenya
August 2011
Acacia senegal is a multipurpose drought-tolerant tree or shrub legume and is commonly used in agroforestry systems in sub-Saharan Africa for gum arabic production and soil fertility improvement. Despite its wide distribution in Kenya, there has not been exhaustive evaluation on the effects of the extant varieties (kerensis, leiorhachis and senegal) on soil properties under their...
Biological remediation of polychlorinated biphenyls (PCB) in the soil and sediments by microorganisms and plants
July 2011
It is a known fact that the environment is suffering from severe contamination as a result of various uncontrolled activities of man and chemicals in the biosphere. This acute and diffuse contamination of air, soil and water by metals, chemicals and metalloids causes wide environmental concerns, which if left unchecked will be detrimental to man and organisms. Biological methods for cleaning of the environment...
An overview of Citrus aurantium used in treatment of various diseases
July 2011
Citrus aurantium (bitter orange) is a plant belonging to the family Rutaceae, The most important biologically active constituents of the C. aurantium fruits are phenethylamine alkaloids octopamine, synephrine, tyramine, N-methyltyramine and hordenine. It is rich in vitamin C, flavonoids and volatile oil. Synephrine is a primary synthesis compound with pharmacological activities such as...
Evaluation of the relative weed competitiveness of upland rice varieties in Sierra Leone
July 2011
In Sierra Leone, weed management in upland rice production is a major constrain and yields are seriously reduced. Studies were conducted during the wet cropping season of 2007 and 2008 at Rokupr Agricultural Research Centre (RARC) in the upland ecology to assess the competitiveness of different rice varieties and to identify plant parameters responsible for their competitiveness. The results indicated that rice...
Actinorhizal plants of Kumaun Himalaya and their ecological significance
July 2011
Actinorhizal plants are important in having symbiotic association with actinomycete Frankia. Nitrogen (N) fixation by actinorhizal plants is a major source of fixed N in diverse and widespread ecosystems including forests, bogs, swamps, coastal dunes, landslides, glacial deposits, shrublands, prairies and deserts. They play important roles in wild land ecosystem function and are used in land...
Molecular detection of a virus infecting carrot and its effect on some cytological and physiological parameters
July 2011
An experiment was conducted to determine the physiological and cytological changes in carrot (Daucus carota L.) due to infection of cucumber mosaic virus. The virus isolate causing mottling was detected by reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) by showing amplification of the expected size of 650 base pair (bp)deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) band. Regarding the physiological changes,...
Studies on antimicrobial activities of some selected Ferns and Lycophytes in Eastern India with special emphasis on ethno-medicinal uses
July 2011
The occurrences of antimicrobial activity of ferns were studied. The present paper deals with the antimicrobial activities of some ethno-medicinally important ferns which are very common in West Mednapore District as well as South West Bengal, against Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacterial pathogens. The plants were extracted with different solvents (70% Ethanol, methanol and acetone) and controlled by deionized...
Effect of time of harvest on physiological maturity and kenaf (Hibiscus canabinus) seed quality
July 2011
Field experiments were carried out between July and December 2010 and 2011 at research station of the Institute of Agricultural Research and Training, Obafemi Awolowo University, Moor Plantation, Ibadan, to determine the effects of time of harvesting on kenaf seed physiological maturity and quality. Kenaf seed of 10 genotypes were collected at seven harvesting periods. Seeds were harvested at 5 day interval from 15 to...
Identity and genetic diversity of Pectobacterium spp., causal agents of potato soft rot in Zanjan, Iran
June 2011
Zanjan province is one of the areas of potato production in Iran with more than 6917 ha of cultivation. One of the most important factors to limit potato cultivation is soft rot bacteria belonging to the family Enterobacteriaceae. During the years 2007 to 2008, different potato fields and the most important potato storages in Zanjan province were surveyed. Phenotypic identification of the strains was performed...
A study of intraspecific hybrid lines derived from the reciprocal crosses between wild accessions and cultivated cowpeas (Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp.)
June 2011
Cowpea (Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp.) is an essential food legume in the (sub) tropical areas. Reciprocal crosses were performed using wild accessions for transferring genes of interest to cultivars (524-B/IT84S-2049). Of these, a low number of seeds were obtained because of crossing barriers. A seed sample of 17 F1 hybrids germinated after germination was 69.09%. A subdivision into seed sterility, partial seed...
Volatile constituents of essential oils isolated from different parts of Alpinia calcarata Rosc
June 2011
The essential oils isolated from different parts of Alpinia calcarata Rosc. growing in Chittagong, Bangladesh, were analyzed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). The leaf oil contained 1,8-cineole (28.48%) and camphor (21.40%) as the major constituents. The stem sheath oil had fenchyl acetate (19.16%) and carotol (16.77%) as the major compounds. On the other hand, the root oil showed fenchyl...
Seasonal variation of fixed and volatile oil percentage of four Eucalyptus spp. related to lamina anatomy
June 2011
This experiment was conducted during the four seasons: Spring, summer, autumn and winter of two successive annual cycles; 2008/2009 and 2009/2010 (starting from May 2008). Four Eucalyptus species were under investigation; Eucalyptus camaldulensis Dehnh., Eucalyptus cinerea F. Muell. ex Bentham, Eucalyptus citriodora Hook. and Eucalyptus globulus Labill. Seasonal variations in the amount of fixed and volatile oils in...
Study of citrus disease prevalence on four citrus varieties at the National Institute of Horticultural Research (NIHORT) Mbato, Okigwe, Imo State, Nigeria
June 2011
The studies were conducted to determine the prevalence of diseases on four varieties of citrus. These are sweet orange (Citrus sinensis), tangelo (Citrus paradise X Citrus reticulate), grape (Citrus paradise) and lemon (Citrus limon). The study showed that, tangelo and sweet oranges were more susceptible to fungal attack than grape and lemon. The disease symptoms commonly observed included dieback on the four species of...
Correlation and heritability estimates of maize agronomic traits for yield improvement and Striga asiatica (L.) Kuntze tolerance
June 2011
A study was carried out to estimate percent heritability and correlation coefficients of desirable maize agronomic characters under artificial infestation with Striga lutea. Forty five F1 hybrid maize of varied striga tolerance and their ten parents inbred were evaluated along with two check entries. This was sited in three locations representing different agro ecologies of south western Nigeria in 1999 cropping...
Phytochemical screening on four edible legumes (Vigna subterranean, Glycine max, Arachis hypogea, and Vigna uniguiculata) found in eastern Nigeria
June 2011
he results of the phytochemical screening carried out on the seeds of Vigna subterranea (Bambara groundnut), Glycine max (Soya beans), Arachis hypogea(Groundnut) and Vigna uniguiculata (Black eyed peas) showed the presence of useful phytonutrients. The results showed that V. subterranea contained the highest percentage of alkaloids (0.41%) while A. hypogea showed...
Studies on the calcium oxalate crystals (Raphides) and idioblast of some selected members of Araceae in Eastern India
June 2011
The presence or absence of micro-characters in plant system like calcium oxalate crystals, trichromes, hairs etc. has been used for understanding the evolutionary relationships of plant species. The size and appearance of calcium oxalate crystals (COCs) can differ within families, genus, and species and these characteristics might be genetically controlled. We have studied the calcium oxalate crystals in the different...
Evidence of polyploidy in fluted pumpkin (Telfairia occidentalis Hook F.)
May 2011
Mitotic studies were carried out on fluted pumpkin (Telfairia occidentalis Hook. F.) lines collected from South East, South West, South South and North Central geopolitical zones of Nigeria where the crop is mainly cultivated. The results obtained revealed diploids (2n = 22), aneuploids (2n = 22 + 1), triploid (3n = 3x = 33) and tetraploid (4n = 4x = 44) chromosome numbers among the cells investigated. About 4% of...
Comprehensive investigation into the nutritional composition of dehulled and defatted African locust bean seed (Parkia biglobosa)
May 2011
The nutritional and anti-nutritional composition of the African locust bean (ALB) was evaluated, with the aim of providing data that will guide the effective utilization of it under exploited tropical legume in food applications. Seeds of the African locust bean were depulped, dehulled, dehydrated and defatted. Chemical analyses were carried out using standard methods. Anti-nutritional factors, mineral analysis, fatty...
Systematic studies (morphology, anatomy and palynology) of economically viable grass Brachiaria mutica (Forsskil) Stapf in Eastern India
May 2011
Poaceae is the one of the largest family among the monocotyledons in the world. Plants of this family are very frequent like other grasses. Brachiaria mutica, an economically important plant is considered as one of the best tropical grass for general purposes. The species were commonly used as green foliage, grazing and local resources for animal fodder. The present study deals with few systematic parameters viz....
Micronutrients (Fe, Mn, Zn) foliar spray for increasing salinity tolerance in wheat Triticum aestivum L.
May 2011
A pot experiment was carried out to investigate the effect of foliar application of micronutrient compound on improving wheat (var. Gemiza 3) for salt tolerance. Two concentrations (0.10 and 0.15%) of suspension micronutrient compound containing Fe, Mn, Zn in ratios 1:1:1 in concentration 2.8:2.8:2.8% were sprayed. Levels of NaCl (0-1000-2000-5000 ppm) were applied to irrigation water. Results revealed that growth and...
Impacts of local-level utilization pressure on the structure of mopane woodlands in Omusati region, Northern Namibia
May 2011
A comparative analysis of mopane woodland structure under different utilization pressure was done in Omusati region, northern Namibia. Heights, basal area, biomass and densities of trees, shrubs and stumps were compared between a game park, densely-populated (central) and sparsely-populated (western) areas. Heavy utilization significantly reduced tree basal area, biomass and plant densities in central Omusati, leading...
Relationship between total anthocyanin level and colour of natural cherry laurel (Prunus laurocerasus L.) fruits
May 2011
The total anthocyanins level and fruit colour were investigated in twelve naturel cherry laurel (Prunus laurocerasus L.) genotypes. Anthocyanins are well-noted as healty compounds due to their antioxidant properties. Fruit samples of cherry laurel were examined for their total anthocyanin content by using a spectrophotometric differential pH method. Cherry laurel genotypes showed differences in their total...
Partitioning of exogenously supplied 14C substrates into primary metabolites and accumulation of total triterpenoids saponins in Centella asiatica
April 2011
Comparative utilization of exogenously supplied carbon substrates as 14C-saccharose and 14C-acetate were analyzed for incorporation and accumulation into total triterpenoids saponins. Simultaneously, the metabolic status of the plant was determined by profiling assimilates into primary metabolic pool as sugars, amino acids and organic acids into shoots and roots of Centella asiatica. 14C-saccharose...
Comparative analysis of genomic DNA isolation procedures; hexa decyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB) and liquid detergent (morning fresh®) methods from Samsorg 41 (icsv 400)
April 2011
Genomic DNA was prepared from germinating seeds of a variety of sorghum in Nigeria (Samsorg 41) using two different isolation protocols (CTAB and morning fresh® method). Highest quantity of DNA was obtained from Samsorg 41 using the morning fresh® method. Genomic DNA obtained using this method had a much lower purity as compared with that obtained using the CTAB method. Both methods produced genomic...
Production of exopolygalacturonase from wheat flour by Aspergillus awamori in submerged and surface culture fermentation
April 2011
Pectinases are a group of hydrolytic enzymes that degrade pectic substances. They are produced by a variety of microorganisms including filamentous fungi. Studies were carried out on the production of exoplygalacturonase (Exo-PGase) using wheat flour by Aspergillus awamori in submerged fermentation (SmF) and surface culture fermentation (SCF). Higher titres of was observed when medium was supplements with...
Costs analysis and toxicity of Jatropha curcas L. on maize weevil, Sitophilus zeamais Motsch
April 2011
The toxicity of Jatropha seed oil to maize weevil, Sitophilus zeamais Motsch. in stored grains was tested in the laboratory. The cost analysis of seed oil extraction was estimated. The rates of seed oil treatment at 0.2, 0.5 and 1.0 ml and the untreated control for storage of 100 g grains were replicated four times. Each experimental unit contained five pairs of freshly emerged adult S. zeamais....
Ethnobotanical survey of the uses Annonaceae around mount Cameroon
April 2011
An ethnobotanical survey was carried out in eight villages around Mount Cameroon in the South West Region of Cameroon. It was focused on determining the uses of the members of the family Annonaceae in this region. Show and Tell Semi-structured Interviews employing a checklist of questions and direct observations were used. The results obtained enable the presentation of the rate of utilization of the members of that...
Ecological behaviour and biogeography of endemic species of the genus Piper L. in Africa: A case of the Guineo-Congolean region
April 2011
The aim of this study was to establish the ecology and the distribution patterns of the endemics Piper L. in the Guineo-Congolean region including the Lower Guinea, the Higher Guinea, the Congo Basin and the Mosaic of Lake Victoria. The distribution stretches from Senegal to Tanzania. Piper capensis and Piper guineense are both represented in Lower Guinea and Congo...
Effect of cassava/legumes intercrop before rice on weed dynamics and rice grain yield at Badeggi, Nigeria
April 2011
A trial was carried out at the lowland experimental field of National Cereals Research Institute, Badeggi, Nigeria during the cropping seasons of 2005 and 2006 to determine the effect of preceding lowland rice with cassava/legume intercrop in the dry season on weed dynamics and rice grain yield. The treatments consisted of FARO 52 rice variety cultivated after cassava ( IIT 427 and Bida local ) intercropped...
Effect of benzyladenine (BA) on fruit set and mineral nutrition of morula (Sclerocarya birrea subspecies caffra)
April 2011
A field experiment was conducted to evaluate the effects of benzyladenine (BA) on fruit set and mineral nutrition of morula (Sclerocarya birrea subspecies caffra). Benzyladenine was applied when the fruitlets were 8 to 10 mm in diameter at concentrations of 0, 50, 100 or 150 mg/l. Application of BA to morula fruit trees significantly (p < 0.001) reduced fruit set of morula trees by between 48 to 67%. Morula...
A new strategy for complete identification of 69 grapevine cultivars using random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) markers
April 2011
DNA marker is a useful technique that has immense power in plant cultivar identification, which used to be the first preferential utility of any newly developed DNA marker technique. However, DNA markers have not been utilized well in the practice of plant identification, for which the bottleneck is no analysis methods available that can make the identification of plants with DNA marker easy, efficient and...
Thermal properties of Calamus deërratus, Raphia hookeri and synthetic board in building design in Southwestern Nigeria
April 2011
For a self-cooling building, alternative sources of roofing and ceiling materials in building design was investigated. The thermal property of Rattan palms (Calamus deërratus), Raffia palms (Raphia hookeri) and synthetic Nigerite asbestos sheets were determined using the Lees’ disc apparatus. Results showed that Rattan palms sheet had the lower thermal conductivity (k = 0.046 Wm-1 K-1) and a...
Determination of the suitable planting date and plant density for different cultivars of barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) in Fars
April 2011
For a self-cooling building, alternative sources of roofing and ceiling materials in building design was investigated. The thermal property of Rattan palms (Calamus deërratus), Raffia palms (Raphia hookeri) and synthetic Nigerite asbestos sheets were determined using the Lees’ disc apparatus. Results showed that Rattan palms sheet had the lower thermal conductivity (k = 0.046 Wm-1 K-1) and a...
Evaluation of three potential botanicals against sorghum covered smut (Sphacelotheca sorghi) at Bako, Western Oromia Ethiopia
April 2011
An experiment was conducted at Bako Agricultural Research Center for two cropping seasons (2007 and 2008) with the objective of determining the effectiveness of some locally available plant species (botanicals) in controlling covered smut (Sphacelotheca sorghi) of sorghum. The botanicals tested were Calpurnia aurea, Maesa lanceolata andVernonia amygdalina. These botanicals were compared with thiram...
Pharmacological screening of Nigerian species of Musanga cecropioides R. Br ex Teddlie (Moraceae) in rodents as anti-hypertensive
April 2011
A study was carried out to screen Musanga cecropioides R. Br ex Teddlie (Moraceae) for anti-hypertensive and analgesic properties using smooth and skeletal muscles in rodents in an attempt to evaluate the efficacy of medicinal plants and further search for novel structure. M. cecropioides locally known as “umbrella tree”, Aga (Yoruba), Agar Umbrella (English), Parasolier (French) has been...
Correlation study of flowering performance and flowering pattern with the yield in Linum usitatissimum L.
March 2011
Highly significant positive correlation were observed in flax among the 1000 seed weight with biological yield, economic yield and harvest index, the reproductive phase length with primary branch number, flower number per plant and capsule number per plant, the vegetative phase length with days to first bud and days to first flower, the seed number per capsule with primary branch number, the capsule number per plant...
A screening technique for resistance to Fusarium root rot of common bean
March 2011
Resistance to Fusarium root rot (FRR) in common bean is documented as a quantitative trait and as such is greatly influenced by several environmental factors. A reproducible disease screening technique that considers the selection environment is therefore important in selecting resistant lines. A study was conducted to evaluate soil composition and irrigation frequency on the severity of FRR, using a...
Reaction of some maize (Zea mays l.) varieties to infestation with root-knot nematode, Meloidogyne incognita under field conditions
March 2011
Field trials were conducted in 2008 and 2009 to investigate the reaction of 13 varieties of maize (Zea mays L.) to natural infestation of root knot nematode, Meloidogyne incognita at the Institute of Agricultural Research and Training, Obafemi Awolowo University, Moor Plantation, Ibadan, Nigeria under field conditions. Used maize varieties were ART/98/SW6-0B, BR-9928 DMR, BR-9943 DMR, DMR-ESR-White,...
Optimization of optimum condition for phytic acid extraction from rice bran
March 2011
Phytic acid is one of the bioactive compounds that are being intensively studied to evaluate their effects on health. This study was carried out to determine the optimum condition for phytic acid extraction from rice bran. Three main parameters were considered to optimize the condition for phytic acid extraction; different types of extracting solvent, length of extraction time and influence of different pH adjustment....
Nematicidal effects of some plant extracts on egg hatchability and control of Meloidogyne spp. in cowpea (Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp)
March 2011
The effects of cold and hot aqueous extracts of 5 test plants (Luffa cylindrica, Momordica charantia, Euphorbia hirta, Desmodium scorpiurus and Stachytarpheta cayennensis), wood ash of Gmelina aborea, a synthetic insecticide (Karate –Lambda cyhalothrin) and untreated tap water (control) were evaluated against the egg hatchability and control of Meloidogyne spp. in cowpea (Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp) in...
The Physiological responses of sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.) to NiSO4
March 2011
The effects of different concentrations of nickel sulfate (NiSO4) on some physiological parameters in sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.) were studied. Sunflower plants were treated with NiSO4 at 0, 4, 8, 16, 32 and 40 μM in Hoagland solutions. With the increasing concentrations of NiSO4, all the growth parameters increased. The highest significant increase of NAR and RGR were obtained with 16 μM...
Heritability and correlation coefficient analysis for yield and its components in rice (Oryza sativa L.)
March 2011
The objectives of this study were to estimate the phenotypic and genotypic coefficients of variation, broad sense heritability, genetic gain and correlations in rice (Oryza sativa L.). The experiment was laid out in a randomized complete block design (RCBD) with three replications in the International Institute of Tropical Agriculture, Ibadan, Nigeria during 2008/2009 cropping season. Genotypes differed...
Taxonomic importance of the vegetative and pod characteristics in three Nigerian species of sesame
March 2011
The relevance of the vegetative and the pod characteristics to the taxonomy of three Nigerian species of sesame was investigated. The plant materials used are Sesame alatum, Sesame radiatum and Sesame indicum. After growing the plants for two years in the same environment, the seeds of each species were harvested and broadcast in a separate perforated 5 L plastic bucket filled with sandy loam...
Introgression of Pythium root rot resistance gene into Rwandan susceptible common bean cultivars
March 2011
A breeding scheme was carried out to introgress resistance genes to bean Pythiumroot rot in various commercial varieties grown in Rwanda. The achieved crosses were performed between three selected susceptible varieties (R617-97A, RWR 1668 and Urugezi) which are adapted to the various ecological production zones of Rwanda and two known sources of resistance to Pythium root rot(RWR719 and AND 1062)....
Nitric oxide: A ubiquitous signaling molecule with diverse role in plants
February 2011
Nitric oxide (NO) is a gaseous di-atomic radical, readily diffusible through biological membranes and readily soluble in water is having a wide array of physiological, biochemical and molecular events in animals, plants and microbes. NO reacts directly with metal complexes and other radicals and indirectly as a reactive nitrogen oxide species with DNA, proteins, and lipids. In animals, NO is well established as a...
Diversity of landraces, agricultural practises and traditional uses of watermelon (Citrullus lanatus) in Mozambique
February 2011
A survey was carried out in three provinces of Mozambique with different agroecological conditions to document traditional knowledge related to cultivation and use of indigenous watermelons, and to describe the diversity of landraces within the country. Semi-structured interviews were used to collect information at the household level or in farmers’ watermelon fields. Watermelons were intercropped with the main...
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