Wet and dry spell analysis for decision making in agricultural water management in the eastern part of Ethiopia, West Haraghe
August 2016
The objective this study was to analyze the dry and wet spell of the main and small rainy season in the eastern part of Ethiopia, West Haraghe. Markov Chain model was employed to investigate the extent and characteristics of the dry and wet spell in the study sites. Accordingly, the results exhibited that the chance of having wet dekades is relatively higher (greater than 50% of probability of occurrences) during last...
Hydrological classification of the Besease inland valley bottom in Ghana for crop production using the water table fluctuation method
August 2016
The shapes and forms of piezometric hydrographs arising from the recharging and discharging of unconfined aquifers offer a hydrological tool for the classifications of inland valley bottoms in Ghana for crop production. A two-year measured water table fluctuations at Besease wetlands were plotted on a reference scale of time in months on the x-axis and hydraulic head on the y-axis. The water table fluctuation method was...
Analysis of water quality of Selameko man-made reservoir using physico-chemical parameters for fishery, Debre Tabor, South Gondar (Ethiopia)
July 2016
Water quality is connected with physical, chemical and biological (including bacteriological) characteristics and these characteristics are determined the healthy status of any aquatic ecosystem. To determine whether the water quality of Selameko reservoir is good for fishing, physico-chemical parameters measurements were made. Water quality parameters, such as temperature, water transparency, water depth, dissolved...
Status of Kigezi minor Lakes: A limnological survey in the Lakes of Kisoro, Kabale and Rukungiri Districts
June 2016
A limnological survey was conducted in six Lakes: Mulehe, Mutanda, Kayumbu, Chahafi, Bunyonyi and Nakasanda, of South-Western Uganda (SWU) in September 2014. The baseline survey aimed at characterizing the high altitude water bodies for enhanced future fisheries productivity. The results indicated that Lake Nakasanda had the highest temperature (24°C). Although other physic-chemical conditions of the water bodies...
Antibiotic sensitivity pattern of pathogenic bacterial isolates of public health concern from Lake Hawassa water, Ethiopia
May 2016
This study was aimed to identify and test the antibiotic sensitivity of bacterial isolates of public health concern from Lake Hawassa. Human and livestock activities in and around the lake adversely influence the quality of the lake water and pose a health risk for those people which are being exposed to the water. Therefore identifying pathogenic bacterial isolates and their antibiotic sensitivity pattern can be...
Spatial and temporal variability of dry spell lengths and indication of climate change in rainfall extremes at Tekeze River Basin, Ethiopia
April 2016
Understanding weather extremes and climate variability both in space and time based on historical surface observed climate data at watershed is very crucial as it is used as in put for applying the seasonal forecast given by National Hydrological and Meteorological Agencies, in decision making in agricultural activities, water resources projects, rainfall-runoff modeling, and for drought risk identification and...
Continuous and stochastic methods for modeling rain drop growth in clouds
April 2016
Two models for raindrop growth in clouds are developed and compared with an interpretation to elucidate the rain drop relationship among both the models. A continuous accretion model is solved numerically for drop growth from 20 to 50 microns, using a polynomial approximation to the collection kernel, and is shown to underestimate growth rates. A Monte Carlo simulation for stochastic growth have also been implemented to...
Two offers to prevent excessive water consumption: A proposal for industrial design departments of universities
March 2016
Water resources play an important role in the development of the socio-economic status of a country. The world’s population increased from one billion to six billions in less than 200 years. With the rapid increase in population and advancement in technology, demand for water increases steadily and the limited amount of available fresh water sources are subjected to severe environmental problems. Available fresh...
Physical, chemical and bacterial analysis of drinking water: Kakua Chiefdom, BO district, Sierra Leone
January 2016
Water makes the difference between living and non-living things, base on this there is a strong need to look at the chemistry, to make sure that it is free from contamination because of chemical reaction that take place in the living cell. In the case of this study, it is critical to determine the quality of the water supplied, because of the chemical reaction. This study analyzes 10 representative well water systems...
Effect of blended irrigation water quality on soil physico-chemical properties and cotton yield in Middle Awash Basin Ethiopia
January 2016
Awash River is the main irrigation water source for mechanized farms and small land farmers established in the Basin for the last few decades. Recently, with the rise of Beseka Lake, the amount of discharging rate into the Awash has been a serious concern to Agricultural Production in the Middle and Lower Awash Areas. This study was conducted to evaluate the effects of Beseka Lake on irrigation water quality, soil...
Modeling of contaminant transport in 10th of Ramadan City Area, East Delta, Egypt
December 2015
The establishment of new communities and land reclamation projects in the Egyptian desert areas is one of the most important national targets. One of these areas is the 10th of Ramadan city. The main goal of the study is concerned with delineation of groundwater contaminants plume in the future. The results show that; the ions concentrations of most samples from the oxidation ponds resources contain concentrations of...
A challenge of sustaining water supply and sanitation under growing population: A case of the Gezira State, Sudan
November 2015
The challenge of securing future water supply and sanitation services for an increasing population requires continued efforts to satisfy the future needs. This paper focuses on water availability and sanitation services under growing population taking Gezira State, Sudan, as the case. Future projection of the population was predicted based on the 2.2% growth rate. Data on water sources, quantities and sanitation was...
Classical and Bayesian Markov Chain Monte Carlo (MCMC) modeling of extreme rainfall (1979-2014) in Makurdi, Nigeria
November 2015
This study presents a probabilistic model for daily extreme rainfall. The Annual Maximum Series (AMS) data of daily rainfall in Makurdi was fitted to Generalized Extreme Value (GEV) distribution using Maximum Likelihood Estimation (MLE) and Bayesian Markov Chain Monte Carlo (Bayesian MCMC) simulations. MLE is a reliable principle to derive an efficient estimator for a model as sample size approaches infinity. Results in...
Water planning and management in sustainable new town building, the case of Ramshar
November 2015
The focus of this paper is on new town building in hydro drought regions. It looks at new town building from the sustainability perspective; especially it discusses the supply and distribution of water in the new towns. The aim of this paper is to resolve a dilemma in the arid regions. One side a much demand for new towns because of the population growth and other side the water anxiety is being a key reason hindering...
Assessment of contribution of major rivers inflow into the Dongting Lake, China
October 2015
The development associated with rapid industrialization and urbanization in Dongting Lake region has been more complex due to large water demand. Therefore study of water variation within the lake region is necessary for wetland protection, conservation and its sustainable management. In this study monitoring of different Hydrological Control Stations, the calculation and analysis was carried out over 2014 based on...
Interim environmental influence of oil exploration on human lives in Ghana: a case of Half Assini and Efaso
October 2015
This paper focused on the interim environmental influence of oil and gas exploration activities on human lives in the Half Assini and Efaso communities in Jomoro District of the Western region of Ghana. Two stage sampling technique was used. It employed purposive sampling of residents living in the Jubilee Oil field environs. After, simple random sampling was used to select 300 respondents from the study area out of a...
Aerobic mesophilic treatment of potato industry wastewater
July 2015
An evaluation of a laboratory-scale aerobic method for the treatment of potato-processing wastewater at 37°C was investigated. Composite samples were collected to establish batch variations. The wastewater was characterized for Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD), Permanganate Value (PV), Total Solids (TS), phosphates and pH over a period of 6 months. Wastewater with an average of 6.8 g COD/l, high concentration of total...
Impact of human population and household latrines on groundwater contamination in Igboora Community, Ibarapa Central Local Government Area of Oyo State, South-western Nigeria
June 2015
In Nigeria, lack of good potable water has always been a major problem; hence many homes have wells as a source of water for household uses. The objectives of this study are to determine the predominant sources (human or livestock) of fecal pollution in wells and concentrations of fecal bacteria and pathogens in well water. Thirty Five samples of well water in different places in Igboora community were analyzed for...
Numerical simulation of groundwater recharge from an injection well
May 2015
This paper presents the numerical simulation of groundwater recharge from a point source, that is, injection well using Explicit Finite Difference Model (FDFLOW) and Galerkin Finite Element Model (FEFLOW). The proposed model aims at simulation of groundwater flow in two-dimensional, transient, unconfined aquifer for a chosen synthetic Test Case. These models are validated with reported analytical solutions for a test...
An economic assessment of the impact of information and communications technology (ICT) on performance indicators of water resource management in West Africa: A suggested strategy for avoiding the eminent international water wars
May 2015
Using data from 16 West African countries, this paper examines the links between Per Capita Income, Trade and Financial indicators, Education and Freedom indicators. Others are internet users, broadband and mobile cell phone subscribers. Meanwhile fresh water supply (which is assumed as a bench mark public sector-led water resource management performance indicators) and access to safe drinking water (a bench mark...
Water quality index of fresh water streams feeding Wular Lake, in Kashmir Himalaya, India
April 2015
The quality of drinking water is of vital concern for human health and life. The present investigation was aimed at assessing the water quality index (WQI) of five fresh water streams feeding Wular lake. Analysis of the data revealed that the WQI values ranged from a minimum of 45.4 to a maximum of 48.9. Among the study sites, Makdhoomyari stream showed higher values of WQI while as lowest was shown by Madhumati....
Evaluation of the water quality status of Lake Hawassa by using water quality index, Southern Ethiopia
April 2015
Lake Hawassa is one of the eight Major Ethiopian Rift Valley Lakes and the smallest among them which is situated in southern regional state; it is a closed basin system and receives water from only perennial Tikurwuha River and runoff from the catchment areas. It is an important source of water for surrounding rural communities for various uses like domestic, irrigation, livestock watering, fishing and recreation....
Irrigation system in Israel: A review
March 2015
The objective of this paper was to review the irrigation system of Israel and to identify the most common irrigation methods used for safe, efficient and sustainable agricultural production in arid and semi-arid regions of the world. Israel is one of the most densely populated countries in the world and characterized by desert and semi-desert climatic conditions. Major constraints of the country include: Frequent...
Policy interventions in watershed management: The case of the Inchaban Watershed, Ghana
March 2015
Before the twentieth century, watershed management in most Ghanaian communities relied solely on religious-based restrictions such as the use of taboos and sacred groves, to deter people from encroaching on watersheds. However, the advents of Christianity, western education, and urbanization, and the desire to develop the resources of the country have reduced the effectiveness and respect for traditional restrictions...
Rainwater harvesting: An option for dry land agriculture in arid and semi-arid Ethiopia
February 2015
Subsistence rain-fed agriculture has been widely practiced for many centuries in Ethiopia and this sector has been highly dependent on rainfall. Thus, rainfall remains the crucial component of the weather elements for improving agricultural productivity. Extreme climatic conditions and high inter-annual or seasonal variability of this weather element could adversely affect productivity, because rainfall controls the...
Assessment of impact of climate change on runoff in the Kainji lake basin using statistical methods
February 2015
This paper presents the assessment of impact of climate change on the runoff in the Kainji Lake basin. Hydro-meteorological variables within River Niger sub-basin in Nigeria and upstream countries were obtained from Nigerian Meteorological Agency (NIMET), Nigeria Inland Waterways (NIWA) and hydrological unit of Kainji hydropower station. The variables were subjected to regression and standardized anomaly indices (SAIs)...
Environmental impact assessment of the potability of water from bore-hole, hand dug well and stream at Itagunmodi gold deposits Southwestern, Nigeria using FORTRAN algorithm for monitoring leachates and interpreting physicochemical data of contaminants in groundwater
January 2015
This study determined the quality of surface and underground water in Itagunmodi in Nigeria. Physicochemical analysis of water samples collected within gold mining area and the water consumed in the town was carried out to determine their hygienic conditions. The major objective of this study was assessment degree of groundwater pollution around the mining sites and the available water consumed in the town. Four major...
Contamination of groundwater due to underground coal gasification
December 2014
Underground coal gasification (UCG) generates potential groundwater pollution because it changes local hydrogeological parameters. Groundwater pollution is caused by diffusion and penetration of contaminants generated by UCG processes towards surrounding strata and possible leaching of residue by natural groundwater flow after gasification. A large number of hazardous water-borne contaminants were identified during...
Spatial-temporal estimation of evapotranspiration over Black Volta of West Africa
December 2014
Evapotranspiration is an important component necessary for ensuring efficient management of water resources for every river basin. The Bui Hydroelectric Plant completed early 2014 to provide electricity for the people of Ghana is located within the Black Volta River Basin of West Africa. With the construction of this plant and related developments, there is a need for attention to be paid to the conservation of water...
Critical analysis of existing economic tools available for assessing river water quality
December 2014
This review paper critically analyzes the economic literature on the approaches of measuring the environmental benefits. It focuses on the economic methodologies that are available for the evaluation of the effects (social costs and benefits) of environmental changes (degradation/preservation) on river water quality. Further, it shows how the monetary valuations of these effects can have an impact in making of economic...
Investigation of groundwater flow heterogeneity in fractured aquifers (Case study: Qusiema area, North Sinai)
December 2014
Fractured aquifer is considered as a main promising aquifer in northeastern boarders of Egypt where the Nubian aquifer is deep. The groundwater exploration and evaluation are the main objectives of the present study. Some localities were carefully selected for applying the geophysical techniques to achieve the goal of the study. Both the Vertical Electrical Sounding (VES) and horizontal profiling techniques of direct...
Efficacy of phytoremediation potential of aquatic macrophytes for its applicability in treatment wetlands: A review of developments and research
October 2014
Improving water quality through aquatic macrophytes has made them an essential component in constructed wetland systems (CWS). Experiments worldwide revealed that they do have a role to play in the treatment, but by and large it varied from region to region and species to species. CWS are proven to be an effective, low cost and sustainable alternative to the conventional methods of water treatment. This review included...
Roof age effect on the quality of harvested rainwater and its health implication in a selected location, Southwest Nigeria
October 2014
Rainwater for potable uses has increased in developing countries due to population increase and the failure of conventional means of water supply. However, the quality of roof harvested rainwater and its health implication are issues that require urgent attention. The quality of rainwater harvested from galvanized roofing sheets (GRS) of different ages was investigated. Rainwater samples were collected on monthly basis...
Impacts of human activities on macroinvertebrate community structure along Chepkoilel River swamp, Kenya
October 2014
This study was set out to investigate the impacts of human activities along Chepkoilel River swamp on Macroinvertebrate community structure. Macroinvertebrates were sampled at six stations along Chepkoilel river swamp. Stations were chosen to correspond to different human activities and intensity of human presence and sampling done at each station for 6 months. Selected water quality parameters were measured at each...
Assessment of climate change effects on future drought levels by combining a hydrological model and Standardized Precipitation Index (SPI) index in the Nakdong river basin, Korea
September 2014
The main purpose of this study is to analyze the effects of climate change on drought levels in the future by using both hydrological model (SWAT) and Standardized Precipitation Index (SPI) tools. Three benchmark periods of climate change were used for simulation such as 2010-2039, 2040-2069 and 2070-2099. These results were then compared with the baseline period (1980-2009) at nine zones in the basin. Results indicated...
Estimate stage-discharge relation for rivers using artificial neural networks- Case study: Dost Bayglu hydrometry station over Qara Su River
September 2014
The prediction of discharge and its variability in a river is an essential component of surface-water planning. For that purpose, a functional relationship between stage and discharge is established with the help of field measurement and the relationship is expressed as a rating curve. Whereas direct discharge measurement in rivers is time consuming and expensive, and sometimes it is impossible, for this purpose the...
Transient numerical approach to estimate groundwater dewatering flow rates for a large construction site: a case study from the Middle East
August 2014
A three-dimensional, transient groundwater model was developed to determine the rate, volume, and number of pumping wells required to estimate the dewatering of three deep excavations at a large coastal construction site in the Middle East with a shallow groundwater table. There was limited site-specific hydrogeologic information for the site. A calibrated MODFLOW-based groundwater model was developed using the...
Management of urban water for domestic and industrial uses and sustainability in Anambra State, Nigeria
August 2014
Nigeria has abundant water resources. This natural endowment is evident in the yearly rainfall and large surface bodies of water-rivers, streams as well as abundant reservoirs of underground water. However, because of lack of good developmental policy, the rational use of the water resources still poses problems and challenges in most states of the country. For some time now these water problems have been left with the...
Evaluation of sustainability of groundwater resources in a semi-arid region of the Maharashtra State of India
July 2014
This study aims to assess the sustainability of groundwater resources in a semi-arid watershed in the Maharashtra State of India using sustainability indicators proposed by the United Nations Organization for Education, Science and Culture (UNESCO). We have selected seven widely used indicators based on their relevance in the field of groundwater sustainability and proven data collection reliability and methodology....
Influence of suspended matters on iron and manganese presence in the Okpara Water Dam (Benin, West Africa)
July 2014
Iron and manganese, which their concentrations are seasonally high in the Okpara Water Dam, have a high mobility links to suspended matters (SM). The presence of the water plants constitutes SM retention support within the water column. The anthropoid disturbances caused by the fishermen activities constitute a factor of sediments renewing in the suspension. Solid (>0.45 µm)-liquid (< 0.45 µm)...
Application of System Dynamics model in the determination of the unit cost of production of drinking water
June 2014
Establishment of tariff structures and economic pricing regimes are contemporary issues in the water supply sector. The need to determine the economic price for water production has taken the centre stage in the face of dwindling world water resources. This paper reports the development of a System Dynamics (SD) model for the determination of the unit cost of domestic water production schemes in a developing economy....
The use of high resolution monitoring in the management of water quality failures caused by discolouration
June 2014
Water quality failures caused by discolouration has become a serious problem for water service providers as they seek measures to comply with increasingly stringent standards from regulatory authorities. Such measures include tools that would enable them predict discolouration events before they occur, so that they can act in a more proactive manner. This paper demonstrates how high temporal monitoring of the...
Estimation and mapping of groundwater characteristics in Greater Wad-Medani Locality, Gezira State, Sudan
May 2014
Groundwater dominates the domestic water supply (85%) in the Gezira State, Central Sudan. Groundwater resources in Gezira are basically represented by two water-bearing geological formations: the Nubian Sandstone formation overlain by the Gezira formation and shallow quaternary to recent deposits in minor streams. This study aims at identifying the pattern distribution of selected aquifer characteristics of the Gezira...
Groundwater resources of the Niger Delta: Quality implications and management considerations
May 2014
The Niger Delta region of Nigeria is of great socio-economic importance because of its huge and abundant reserves of crude oil and natural gas. The phenomenal increase in both industrial and social activities within the area in recent times has led to increase in groundwater abstraction rates. Groundwater development in the Niger Delta region has been carried out with little hydrogeological considerations. This is...
Assessment of Silyaninov index for detecting climatic changes and droughts in the central Sudan
May 2014
Drought is a constraint upon development in Sudan. This paper attempts to understand drought and climate change in the central Sudan using the Silyaninov index (SI) because of its simplicity and its required datasets (monthly rainfall and temperature) are routinely collected in developing countries. Also, the ecoclimatological relationships for the natural vegetation cover were investigated using the normalized...
Prospective techniques for in-situ treatment and protection of aquifers: A sustainable hydrology review
April 2014
Most water table aquifers are polluted, yet they are the primary sources of urban and rural water supply. Sustainable hydrology in this millennium will capture in-situ treatment and protection of shallow aquifers particularly in developing countries. Permeable reactive barrier (PRB), biological and electrochemical methods with air and steam injection techniques will advance. Ex-situ pump and treat method is slow, costly...
Modelling dynamics of organic carbon in water hyacinth Eichhornia Crassipes (Mart.) Solms artificial wetlands
April 2014
The role of water hyacinth on removal of organic carbon was investigated in free water constructed wetlands. A model incorporating the activities of suspended and biofilm biomasses was developed in order to simulate the various processes involved in the transformation and removal organic matter in the water hyacinths constructed wetland. The results show that the major processes governing the organic carbon...
Assessment of noise pollution of two vulnerable sites of Sylhet city, Bangladesh
March 2014
The study reports the analysis and measurement of the noise levels of CNG refueling Stations and Power Generators of Power Development Board (PDB) induced noise pollution in Sylhet City. For this purpose noise levels have been measured at ten major locations of the city for CNG refueling Stations and in PDB, Kumargaon. Sound levels are measured at different location at different time interval for the respective study...
Classification of transmissivity magnitude and variation in calcarious soft rocks of Bhaskar Rao Kunta Watershed, Nalgonda District, India
March 2014
Pumping test was used for the appraisal and evaluation of groundwater potential and design of well. Pumping tests of the calcarious sedimentary rocks of Bhaskar Rao kunta watershed area were carried out for twenty five selected bore wells for quantitative understanding of the groundwater for crop water requirement and groundwater use efficiency. The tests were carried out independently for short duration under constant...
Simulation of rainfall runoff process for Khartoum State (Sudan) using remote sensing and geographic information systems (GIS)
March 2014
Using geographic information systems (GIS) and remote sensing integration to determine runoff caused due to rainfall from watershed has performed increasingly attention in recent years. This study was conducted in the Khartoum State. Curve Number (CN) method was applied for estimating the runoff depth in the watershed. Hydrologic soil group and land use maps were generated in GIS Environment. Hydrologic soil groups and...
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