Mapping of lineaments for groundwater targeting in the basement complex region of Ondo State, Nigeria, using remote sensing and geographic information system (GIS) techniques
August 2011
Sustainable groundwater supplies in the terrain underlying by crystalline basement rocks require lineament analyses for proper sitting of boreholes. This study was carried out to illustrate the application and importance of Remote Sensing and Geographic Information System (GIS) techniques for efficient groundwater resource exploration and management. The study demonstrates the use of LANDSAT 7 ETM+ imagery, ASTER...
Modeling the transport of suspended particulate matter by Kwa Ibo River, Umudike, South-eastern Nigeria: Implications for pollutant dispersion
July 2011
Modeling the transport of suspended particulate matter by the Kwa Ibo River, Umudike, south-eastern Nigeria is the focus of this paper. The model solves the 3D hydrodynamic equations and the suspended matter equations including advection/diffusion of particles, settling and deposition. It is aimed at assessing the extent of the interaction between the Kwa Ibo River and the viable groundwater wells located within the...
Rondon project: Addressing water issues in socio-economically disadvantaged communities in Brazil
July 2011
The northeastern region of Brazil has embattled a severe drought for centuries making it almost impossible to supply the local communities with adequate drinking water. As part of their outreach program the university of Zumbi dos Palmares was contracted by the Ministry of Defense to provide the necessary technical expertise to build a water cistern in the town of Maranhao. One of the project requirements was that...
Integration of very low-frequency electromagnetic (VLF-EM) and electrical resistivity methods in mapping subsurface geologic structures favourable to road failures
July 2011
An integrated geophysical survey involving very low-frequency electromagnetic (VLF–EM) and the dipole-dipole electrical resistivity methods was carried out along the Auchi-Ibillo road in Igarra, Nigeria with a view to examining factors responsible for road failures in the area. Analysis of very low frequency electromagnetic current density sections and dipole-dipole pseudo-sections were made along three traverses....
Salt weathering, bio-deterioration and rate of weathering of dimensional sandstone in ancient buildings of Aachen City, Germany
June 2011
Over the last decade, the concept of stone decay being caused by one or two processes has been revised in favour of a more holistic notion that many operate together, cyclical or seasonal. Certain of these processes may become pre-dominant over others at a particular environment that enhances the impact of these process or processes. The rock's mineralogy is an effective factor in controlling rock's...
Estimate of bed load transport in Kubanni Watershed in Northern Nigeria using grain size distribution data
June 2011
Representative bed material samples were taken from the gauging sites located on two rivers, Samaru River and Goruba River, in the Kubanni Watershed for sieve analysis to obtain the grain size distribution of the bed materials. The analyses of the grain size distribution showed that the bed load accounted for 7% of the total suspended sediment load of 19,039,450 kg/annum in the Kubanni Watershed. Samaru River...
Economic advantage of rainwater harvesting over water borehole: A sustainable development at the Extension Site Federal Polytechnic, Oko
May 2011
This paper analyses the economic advantage of rainwater harvesting over water borehole. The management of the polytechnic (Oko Poly) believed since the year 2000 that the provision of water supply and sanitation services is an important basic need. And they also wish to ensure long-term sustainability of the facility. Water is an essential ingredient for maintaining life in an environment as well as a...
Geophysical evaluation of rock type impact on aquifer characterization in the basement complex areas of Ondo State, Southwestern Nigeria: Geo-electric assessment and Geographic Information Systems (GIS) approach
May 2011
Geoelectrical survey and Geographic Information Systems (GIS) analysis were conducted in the hard-rock terrain areas of Ondo State, Southwestern Nigeria, with the view to determine impact of rock types on the variability of aquifer characteristics and their influence on the hydro geologic systems. The interpretation of the 414 sounding data indicates occurrence of 17 curve types which were used to...
Hydrology, geomorphology and Rosgen classification of Doodhganga stream in Kashmir Himalaya, India
March 2011
Hydrology and geomorphology of streams determine their physical state which in turn regulates the chemical and biological setup of these ecosystems. In the present study the hydrology and geomorphology of Doodhganga stream, which is one of the principle tributaries to the River Jhelum in the Valley of Kashmir (northern India), was worked out. Applicability of Rosgen stream classification, an important...
Evaluation of mountain-front recharge estimation techniques for Southern New Mexico basins
March 2011
Technically sound water management practices in arid to semi-arid regions require effective quantification of model input parameters. Mountain-front recharge is one of the most uncertain parameters in groundwater flow models due to the complexity of estimation. This paper evaluated three mountain-front recharge estimation techniques using a numerical model developed for the Southern Jornada Del Muerto Basin,...
Critical appraisal of an irrigation command and water productivity based on satellite remote sensing
February 2011
Irrigation policy makers and managers need information on the irrigation performance and productivity of water at various scales to devise appropriate water management strategies, considering dwindling water availability, further threats due to continually rising population and food demand. It is often difficult to access sufficient water supply and use data to determine crop water consumption and irrigation...
Radon and radium concentrations in 120 samples of drinking springs and rivers water sources of northwest regions of Mashhad
February 2011
Radon makes up approximately half of the total dose of radiation were received naturally. The majority of it comes from the inhalation of progeny of 222Rn and is prominent in a closed atmosphere. The continuous measurement of the levels of 222Rn concentration in different geographical areas is of great importance, particularly in living places. In this study, the concentration of radium and...
New technological root for regenerating demineralized water plants for safe environment
February 2011
The experiments in this work were subjected to lab-scale ion exchangers unit, consists of two kinds of ion exchangers (strong acid cation exchanger and weak base anion exchangers). The experimental investigation was directed at studying a new method for regenerating the strongly acidic cation exchanger in the demineralized water unit using one concentration of sulfuric acid (5%) directly without any...
Hydrogeochemical characterization of the coastal Paleocene aquifer of Togo (West Africa)
January 2011
This paper presents a hydrogeochemical characterization of the Paleocene aquifer in the coastal basin of Togo. During the dry season (March, 2005), piezometric measurements were made on inventoried water wells. Fifty nine (59) water samples were taken for chemical analysis and the results subjected to statistical study. The quantitative variables considered for this purpose were temperature, pH, electrical...
Stream flow forecasting using Levenberg-Marquardt algorithm approach
January 2011
Many of the activities associated with the planning and operation of water resource systems require forecasts of future events. For the hydrologic component that forms the input for water resource systems, there is a need for both short and long term forecasts of stream flow events, in order to optimize the real-time operation of the system or to plan for future expansion. For this historical inflow series...
Determination of aquifer characteristics in Eket, Akwa Ibom State, Nigeria, using the vertical electrical sounding method
January 2011
This work is about geoelectric investigation involving eight vertical electrical soundings carried out in Okon, Ofriyo, Idua, Ikot Udoma, Atabong, Mkpok, Afaha Eket and Ikot Eket in Eket local government area of Akwa Ibom State, southern Nigeria. The total current electrode spread varied from 300 m to 400 m and this depended on access roads, topography, human settlements and general infrastructure....
Socio-demographic differences in the evaluation of water resources planning in South West, Nigeria
January 2011
The study examined differences in public assessment of water resources planning in Oyo State (southwest, Nigeria) based on certain socio-demographic variables such as gender and socio-economic background. The results showed that there were no significant differences in the way public assessed the planning of water resources on the basis of the two socio-demographic variables. The implication of the findings were...
Mapping groundwater potential in Kitui District, Kenya using geospatial technologies
January 2011
Kitui district is a semi-arid region characterized by erratic and unreliable rainfall. Despite this, the main economic activity is rain-fed agriculture, with irrigation agriculture taking place on small parcels adjoining riparian reserves. During the dry season, local people travel long distances in search of water, necessitating groundwater potential mapping to support exploitation and complementing other...
Water resources management and sustainable development in Sudan
December 2010
For the thirty-nine million who live in Sudan, environmental pollution is a major concern; therefore industry, communities, local authorities and central government, to deal with pollution issues, should adopt an integrated approach. Most polluters pay little or no attention to the control and proper management of polluting effluents. This may be due to a lack of enforceable legislation and/or the fear of...
Assessment of water quality and impact of effluents from fertilizer factories to the Lakhya River
December 2010
A study was carried out in Polash and Ghorasal Urea fertilizer factories to assess the impact of effluent on water quality of the Lakhya River. Comprehensive waste water sampling by grab sampling method and flow measurement by float velocity method were carried out for five weeks (one sample per week) at five sampling stations at Polash and Ghorasal Urea fertilizer factories during June to July, 2007. Water...
Environmental flows in Bhadra River, Karnataka, India
November 2010
Environmental water requirements, also referred as ‘environmental flows’, are a compromise between water resources development and the maintenance of a river in ecologically acceptable or agreed condition. Managing environmental water flow is a complex task because the change of quantity of water occurs as the flow moves downstream. In this work, an attempt has been made to evaluate the...
Evaluation of the radiation dose from radon ingestion and inhalation in drinking water
November 2010
Radon and its radioactive progenies in indoor places are recognized as the main sources of public exposure from the natural radioactive sources. The tap water used for drinking and other household uses can increase the indoor radon level. In the present research, drinking water samples were collected from various places and supplies of public water used in Mashhad city which has about 4 million population....
Need of benchmarking for socially and environmentally sustainable development of a major irrigation scheme
November 2010
It is a proven fact that the quantity and quality of available water resources have been recognized as limiting factors in development of most of the arid and semi arid regions. The function of the conveyance and distribution systems and services should be providing sufficient water in a timely manner so that it can be used efficiently for crop production. Reliability, flexibility and efficiency are the...
Water quality of domestic wells in typical African communities: Case studies from Nigeria
September 2010
Several African communities obtain their domestic water supplies from dug wells and this study takes Ibogun, Pakoto and Ifo communities in Ogun State, Nigeria as being typical. The objective is to assess the quality of the water supply from these dug wells, ascertain the contamination problems that may confront the consumers, and provide appropriate remedies. Twenty dug wells were randomly selected in each...
The diurnal variation of the physico-chemical parameters of a lowland river flow in a semi-arid landscape with human interferences in Zimbabwe
September 2010
Using data from southeast Zimbabwe intensive agricultural zone we investigated diurnal changes in the Runde River to discover the variations that can occur in the control and test sites of agricultural development. This should predict how the aquatic ecosystem responds when ’stressed' by human activities, such as runoff from the land. Diurnal changes were studied at a resolution of 2 h intervals between 0500...
A methodology of finding dispersion coefficient using computational fluid dynamics (CFDs)
July 2010
The treatment efficiency of waste stabilization pond is directly related to its hydraulic regime. The hydraulic efficiency of the pond is dependent on parameters such as the pond geometry, the location of inlet and outlet and the inlet flow velocity. Poorly designed or specified hydraulic parameters may lead to short circuiting and dead regions within the pond. This in turn impacts the dispersion coefficient....
Empirical correlations for the performance of belt skimmer operating under environmental dynamic conditions
July 2010
The present study is predicting, by deducing empirical correlations, the effect of varying the operating and the environmental parameters on the performance of belt skimmer. The belt linear speed, belt inclination angle and oil film thickness are the operating parameters. The current speed and the wave height are the environmental parameters. The oil recovery rate, ORR and the oil recovery efficiency, ORE,...
Prioritization of micro watersheds on the basis of soil erosion hazard using remote sensing and geographic information system
July 2010
Degradation of agricultural land by soil erosion is world wide phenomenon leading to loss of nutrient-rich surface soil, increased run off from more impermeable subsoil and decreased water availability to plant. Thus estimation of soil loss and identification of critical area for implementation of best management practice is central to success of soil conservation programme. In this study universal soil loss...
Making a case for systems thinking approach to integrated water resources management (IWRM)
July 2010
While definite benefits could be gained from integrating the management of natural and human systems, taking into account the effects of human activities on the environment, the task of operationalising and implementing this approach in practice represents an enormous challenge. Some limitations highlighted include the definition of integrated water resources management (IWRM) itself, where it appears to be...
Comparison of pollutant levels in effluent from wastewater treatment plants in Blantyre, Malawi
June 2010
In Malawi, the requirement to treat wastewater is underscored by the existing regulatory framework, institutional arrangements, and policy guidelines. In addition, formalized national effluent standards exist. This study was conducted to determine the pollutant levels in effluent from municipal wastewater treatment plants in the city of Blantyre, Malawi, and to compare these with Government of Malawi...
Modeling hydropower plant system to improve its reservoir operation
June 2010
One way of improving water management is increasing the efficiency of utilization of dam reservoirs. Even small improvement in reservoir operation can lead to large benefits. But there is no universal solution for reservoir operation problems. Hence, it is necessary to study the system and determine optimal reservoir operation guides for each scheme. In the present study, Melka Wakana Hydropower Plant in...
Prediction of water table depth in a hard rock basin by using artificial neural network
June 2010
The objectives of this study were to determine the factors that influence and control the water table fluctuation in a specific geomorphologic situation, to develop a forecasting model and examine its potential in predicting water table depth using limited data. Prediction of region specific water table fluctuation would certainly guide the way towards conceiving, designing and taking scientific measures to...
The influence of water and sewage networks on residential water consumption
June 2010
In this study a real case is used in order to evaluate the effect of the factors controlling the residential water demand in one of the suburb of the state of Kuwait. The study investigates the effect of having or not having water and sewage networks on the water demand. The importance of this study arises from the difference between the two studies residential areas in which one of them contains complete and...
Performance and kinetic evaluation of phenol biodegradation by mixed microbial culture in a batch reactor
May 2010
Mixed microbial culture collected from effluent treatment plant of a coke oven industry has been studied for its phenol biodegrading potential under aerobic condition in a batch reactor. The result showed that, after acclimatization, the culture could biodegrade up to 700 mg/l of phenol. The results showed that specific growth rate of microorganisms and specific substrate degradation rate increased up to 300...
Cadmium sorption by Moringa stenopetala and Moringa oleifera seed powders: Batch, time, temperature, pH and adsorption isotherm studies
May 2010
There is a widespread recognition that the presence of heavy metals such as cadmium in water is hazardous to the environment and human health and their discharge into surface waters is of great concern world wide. The use of natural coagulants such as Moringa for heavy metal removal from water replacing expensive imported synthetic coagulants is particularly appropriate for agro-based developing...
Hydro-meteorological correlations and relationships for estimating streamflow for Gangotri Glacier Basin in Western Himalayas
May 2010
This study investigates the relationships between hydrological and meteorological data collected near the snout of Gangotri Glacier, Indian Himalayas for the different ablation seasons (May - October). The complete analysis employs a hydro- meteorological data series for a period of 7 years (2000 - 2006). The first 5 years data (2000 - 2004) was used for determining correlations, lag-cross-correlations and...
Experimental study of methylene blue adsorption from aqueous solutions onto carbon nano tubes
March 2010
In this work, batch adsorption experiments were carried out for the removal of methylene blue as a basic dye from aqueous solutions using carbon nanotubes (CNTs). The effects of major variables governing the efficiency of the process such as, temperature, initial dye concentration, CNTs dosage, and pH were investigated. Experimental results have shown that, the amount of dye adsorption increased with...
Assessment of the dry and wet period severity with hydrometeorological index
March 2010
The paper examines the existing condition of water resources for the basin of Çamlidere dam in the vicinity of capital city of Ankara, Turkey and highlights the hydrological elements that are mostly prone to the change of atmospheric conditions. After the evaluation of environmental conditions, the standardized precipitation index (SPI), standardized runoff index (SRI) and standardized potential...
Determination of appropriate hydraulic conditions to decrease the negative impacts of Dez dam flushing operation on the
January 2010
The Dez dam is located in the Southwest Iran and was constructed in 1963, with a height of 203 m and an underground powerhouse of 520 MW, because of the high rate reservoir sedimentation, in recent years, therefore, performing flushing operations through the three irrigation gates of the dam has received great attention. Due to the release of high concentrations of sediments, on the other hand, performing...
The use of saline water for irrigation in medicinal and aromatic plants farming
January 2010
Nowadays we are all more conscious of the need to preserve fresh water. With the always increasing requirement for water by growing populations worldwide, it is understandable to try to find more uses for the plentiful saline water supplies that exist, mostly in the oceans. The poor quality irrigation water is an important problem in arid and semiarid regions of the world which include one third of the earth....
Industrial sludge based adsorbents/ industrial by-products in the removal of reactive dyes – A review
January 2010
Adsorption has been an effective separation process for non-biodegradable pollutants. Study of recovery of dyes reveals adsorption as an efficacious process. Many textile industries use commercial activated carbon for the treatment of dye waste. The current research is focused on the need to alternate commercial activated carbon with a cost effective, potential adsorbent. The major limitations in using...
Improvement of water treatment plants capacity and effluent quality by introducing "NINIVITE" as new filtration media
December 2009
This work compares the performance of four types of filters, three of them are dual media/capping filters and the fourth is a single medium sand filter. The filters were made to operate with the same effective size and the same depth. These filter were subjected to the same operating conditions of filtration rates and influent turbidity. A new locally available filter medium called ninivite (recently...
Scouring control of the eroded stilling basin: Case study, Namrood Dam
December 2009
Local scouring immediately downstream of stilling basin is unavoidable local velocity exceeds incipient motion velocity. This phenomenon causes a difference level between concrete floor of basin and river bed. In such circumstances a riprap is normally used to prevent the development of scouring hole. In this study, hydraulic model of Namrood dam is used to estimate stone size that is able to resist scouring...
Hydrological modeling of the Kihansi river catchment in South Central Tanzania using SWAT model
October 2009
This study presents distributed and lumped hydrological modeling approaches for the Kihansi river catchment in south central Tanzania using the Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT). The catchment is source of water for the Lower Kihansi Hydropower Plant (LKHP) that supplies 25% power to the national grid and the bio-diverse gorge eco-system in lower Kihansi Basin. In the distributed modeling sub-watersheds...
Introducing sand filter capping for turbidity removal for potable water treatment plants of Mosul/Iraq
October 2009
Sand filter capping had been tried as an alternative for the currently practiced rapid sand filters. A 1000 m3/day capacity pilot plant constructed similarly to full scale water treatment plants was used for this purpose. Four levels of sand material with respect to grain size and thickness were used. Capping filter was represented by one level of anthracite coal with one thickness. In order to optimize...
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