Modification of biochemical and haematological parameters during 90-days subchronic toxicity assessment of Carissa edulis in Wistar rats
February 2017
A 90-days subchronic toxicity assay was evaluated on the aqueous extract of Carissa edulis leaves. Wistar rats were fed daily with oral doses of 125, 31.25 and 7.87 mg/kg of C. edulis leaves extracts. Toxic effects were assessed using physiological observation, body weight, relative organ weights, feed consumption, biochemical, haematological and histopathological parameters. Many changes of biological values were...
Ameliorative effects of melatonin on brain biochemical changes induced by subchronic co-administration of chlorpyrifos and cypermethrin in male Wistar rats
January 2017
The present study was aimed at evaluating the ameliorative effects of melatonin on chlorpyrifos and cypermethrin induced brain biochemical changes involving malonadialdehyde (MDA), catalase, superoxide dismutase, glutathione peroxidise and acetyl cholinesterase in male Wistar rats. The fifty adult male Wistar rats used for this study were divided into 5 groups of 10 animals each. Group I was administered distilled...
Fast food premium toys as a significant source of lead and chromium to the environment
December 2016
Electronic fast food premiums were investigated for their ability to leach toxic metals into the environment. Low levels of the metals barium, cadmium, chromium, and mercury were detected. Significant quantities of lead were found, up to 177 mg/L, over thirty five times the permissible levels. Key words: Waste, management, toxic, metal, leachate, lead, toys.
Hypothetical adjustment of the acceptable daily intake and correction of the underrated risk: A case study of glyphosate-based herbicides
December 2016
Following the introduction of genetically-engineered glyphosate-resistant (GEGR) crops, commercially known as Roundup Ready (RR), no pesticide’s active principle has been used as much as glyphosate; yet its safety measures have been sternly disputed. After its classification by the International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC) as probably carcinogenic to humans in 2015, scientists, activists, regulators...
Spirulina protects against tacrolimus-induced hepatic and renal toxicity in rats: A biochemical and histological study
December 2016
Tacrolimus is a powerful immunosuppressive agent with hepatotoxic and nephrotoxic effects. It has a protective role against many toxicants. This study was conducted to evaluate the possible protective role of spirulina against tacrolimus induced hepatotoxicity and nephrotoxicity. Forty adult male albino rats divided into 4 groups. Group I, control group, Group II, spirulina group (received spirulina 500 mg/Kg body...
Assessment of Ochratoxin A intake due to consumption of coffee and cocoa derivatives marketed in Abidjan (Côte d’Ivoire)
November 2016
Ochratoxin A is a mycotoxin produced by moulds belonging to the Aspergillus and Penicillium species, and is a common contaminant of various food products. Ochratoxin A is known for its nephrotoxic and carcinogenic effects; protective actions to protect consumer health must be established. The aim of this study was to assess the level of contamination of manufactured coffee and cocoa-based products marketed in Abidjan to...
Accumulation and distribution of organochlorine and organophosphorus pesticide residues in water, sediments and fishes, Heteropneustis fossilis and Puntius ticto from Kali River, India
October 2016
The present study focused on distribution pattern of persistent organochlorine and organophosphorus pesticides residues found in water, sediments and fish tissues from the Kali River. The total 10 pesticides were observed viz., monochrotophos, parathione, phorete, malathion, α- BHC, β- BHC, γ-BHC, δ-BHC, endrine and endosulfon using gas chromatography electron capture detector technique. The...
Assessment of heavy metals and estimation of human health risk in Tilapia fish from Naik Lake of Nagpur, India
September 2016
Gills and muscles of Tilapia fish from Naik lake of Nagpur city were estimated for heavy metals (Zinc, Lead, Nickel, Copper and Cadmium) using inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry (ICP-OES). Results showed higher concentrations of heavy metals in gills than in muscles of tilapia fish. Trends of heavy metal concentrations in gills and muscles of tilapia fish were found Zn > Pb> Ni> Cu...
Analysis of potential mutagenic effects of World Trade Center dust on in vitro systems
August 2016
Thousands of tons of particulate matter were inhaled and ingested by rescue workers and the residents of New York City (NYC) after the attack on the World Trade Center (WTC) on September 11, 2001. This study examined the chemical and physical effects of dust from WTC, in addition to possible mutagenic evidence with in vitro methods and hopes to add credibility to the link between World Trade Center dust inhalation and...
Combined arsenic and di-(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate exposure elicits responses in brain ATPases different from hepatic and renal activities in rats
July 2016
Arsenic and di-(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP) are environmentally ubiquitous and epidemiologically important toxic agents that millions of people are currently exposed to, worldwide. Although the adverse impact due to exposure to either arsenic or DEHP are documented, the toxicological effects of co-exposure to these agents are largely unknown. In this study, exposure to these chemicals was investigated for their...
Heavy metal contamination of food in a developing country like Bangladesh: An emerging threat to food safety
May 2016
This review paper highlighted possible ways of heavy metal contamination of food chain in a developing country like Bangladesh as it is considered an emerging threat for food safety. The review paper was prepared over a period of six months by searching and collecting data of various studies done in Bangladesh from original articles of many national and international journals. Also, data were taken from related review...
Determination of some selected heavy metals in spinach and irrigated water from Samaru Area within Gusau Metropolis in Zamfara State, Nigeria
August 2015
Due to insufficient clean water resources, wastewater is largely used for irrigation of vegetables and fruits in many developing countries like Nigeria. As a result of this, vegetables in spite of providing nutrients also accumulate toxic metals and causes health risks. In the present study, the levels of heavy metals (lead (Pb), cadnium (Cd), iron (Fe), zinc (Zn), and copper (Cu)), were analyzed using Atomic Absorption...
Evaluation of five medicinal plants at gas flaring site, using foliar photomicrography
July 2015
Gas flaring is a recognized polluting agent in the environment, affecting all forms of life. The gases and particulate matters (dust, mist and fog) follow the same diffusive pathway with carbon IV oxide into the plant leaf, where they react with enzymes, hormones, and other biochemical molecules, resulting in the deformation of organelles with adverse consequences. In this study, foliar photomicrography analysis of five...
Teratogenic and embryotoxic effects of orally administered cypermethrin in pregnant albino rats
July 2015
Lack of consensus in published works regarding cypermethrin's ability to produce teratogenic and embyotoxic effects has led to postulations. The aim of this study was to evaluate the teratogenic and embryotoxic effects of cypermethrin in 5% vegetable oil using albino rats. Acute toxicity study of cypermethrin was evaluated using Probit analysis method. Percentage mortality was calculated and LD50 was...
Prevalence and determinants of pesticide use in informal households in Mulago II parish, Kampala Uganda
June 2015
The indiscriminate use of pesticides in developing countries has impacted negatively on the environment and public health. Despite that informal households in Uganda carry a high pest burden, the safe use and disposal of pesticides is poorly studied. We determined the prevalence and pesticide use practices among the informal households in Mulago, a suburb of Kampala city. A cross-sectional survey was conducted among...
Influence of starch addition on properties of methylolated urea/starch copolymer blends for application as a binder in the coating industry
May 2015
Urea formaldehyde resin was reactively blended with various concentrations (10 to 70%) of Cassava starch in order to formulate a paint binder for emulsion paint formulation. Some physical properties and formaldehyde emission of the blended resin were investigated. Viscosity initially decreased before a gradual increase was noted with increase in starch concentration. Refractive index and elongation at break increased...
Gross and histopathological studies of Diclofenac, Ibuprofen and Nimesulide induced toxicity in broilers
May 2015
The present experimental work was conducted to elucidate the gross and histopathological studies in broiler chicks when treated with Diclofenac sodium, Ibuprofen and Nimesulide. For this study, 120 apparently healthy broiler chicks of either sexes were randomly divided into 10 groups comprising of 10 birds in 9 groups and 30 birds in control group. The broilers of Diclofenac groups were given 10, 20 and 30 mg/kg body...
Sub-lethal effect of cypermethrin on acetylcholinesterase (AChE) activity and acetylcholine (Ach) content in selected tissues of Channa striatus (Bloch.)
April 2015
This study was carried out to investigate the sub-lethal effect of cypermethrin on acetylcholinesterase (AChE) activity and acetylcholine (ACh) content in various organ tissues of Channa striatus. Activity of AChE and ACh content was estimated in the tissues of brain, gills, liver, kidney, intestine and muscle of the exposed fish at regular intervals of 1, 7, 15 and 30 days. The study revealed that the inhibition of the...
Evaluation of the fungitoxic and fungistatic potential of the root extractsof male papaya plant and female papaya plant (Carica papaya L.)
March 2015
The fungicidal and fungistatic potential of methanolic root extract of male Carica papaya against Phomopsis vexans which affects egg plants (Solanum melongena L.) leading to the condition called the “Phomopsis blight” was investigated. Result of the experiments revealed that the aqueous extract did not show significant activity, but comparatively the methanol extract of male root demonstrated significant...
Haemato-pathological effect of dichlorvos on blood picture and liver cells of albino rats
February 2015
The effect of intraperitonal exposure of dichlorvos an organophosphate (OP) pesticide, on haematology parameters and liver pathology of Wister rats was investigated. Thirty male albino rats grouped into six (6) of five rats each were injected with 0, 3.7, 7.4, 11.1, 14.8 and 18.5mg/kg of dichlorvos (DDVP) (1 ml/kg) respectively. The haematological parameters measured were red blood cells, haemoglobin; packed cell...
Exposure to ZnO-NPs enhanced gut- associated microbial activity in Eisenia fetida
February 2015
With advent of the nanotechnology era, the environmental risk has continuously been receiving engineered nanomaterials, as well as their derivatives. Our current understanding of the potential impact of nanomaterials and their effect on soil organism is limited. The present study fills the gap between effect of manufactured nanomaterials (NPs) and their available natural scavengers. In the study, earthworm Eisenia...
Evidence of micronuclei in fish blood as a biomarker of genotoxicity due to surface run off agricultural fungicide (Propiconazole)
January 2015
Micronuclei, nucleoplasmic bridges and nuclear buds are biomarkers of genotoxic events and chromosomal instability. In laboratory, these genome damages can be measured easily. The measurement of cytogenetic alterations in-vivo has considered an initial step in the risk assessment procedures by genotoxic agents. In fishes, micronucleus assay has shown useful in vivo techniques for genotoxicity testing, and potential for...
Phorate poisoning of a leopard (Panthera pardus) in the Nilgiris
January 2015
India is an agricultural country; animal husbandry has always been associated with agriculture. People still thrive upon animal products such as milk, meat and manure intensely for their essentialities. India has a huge cattle population and most of them graze in areas close to forests and their fringes competing for their pastoral needs with other wild animals. This then leads to human-wildlife conflicts, which tends...
Naturally contaminated feed with low levels of fumonisins with anti-mycotoxin additive and its impact in the immune cells and blood variables in broiler chickens
December 2014
Ninety six one-day-old broiler chickens were used to evaluate the effect of feeding naturally contaminated rations with low levels of fumonisins (FBs) and the protective effect of a commercial anti-mycotoxin additive (AMA) on circulating and intestinal immune cells, blood biochemistry, hematological variables and biomarkers of FBs exposure. Birds were assigned in three groups: Negative control (NC), positive control...
Ameliorative effect of seed extract of Pterocarpus santalinus on coragen induced haematological alterations and serum biochemical changes in Charles Foster rats
December 2014
In the present study, the ameliorative effect of an aqueous extract of Pterocarpus santalinus against coragen induced haematological changes, biochemical alterations and oxidative damage in Charles foster rats was undertaken. Coragen administration (1000 mg kg-1 body weight orally for 6 weeks) was associated with significant rise in serum levels of alkaline phosphatase, urea, uric acid and creatinine and enhanced lipid...
The use of planktons as tools for monitoring water quality in oil polluted streams of the Niger Delta, Nigeria
November 2014
The Niger Delta ecosystems of Nigeria, typically consisting of mangrove swamps and riparian forests, have come under threat in the last six decades as a result of environmental pollution from oil exploration, drilling, refining and transportation. This study examines two Niger Delta streams (Ogba Evie and Otor) to ascertain the extent of hydrocarbon and heavy metal pollution and the status of the biotic communities in...
Occurrence of some pesticides in Bhoj wetland Bhopal and their effect on phytoplankton community: An ecological perspective
November 2014
The present communication deal with the analysis of water samples from Bhoj wetland to detect three pesticides (chlorpyrifos, monocrotophos and endosulfan) and to assess their individual toxicity to the phytoplankton community. Higher concentration of most of the pesticides was found to be in the pre-monsoon (March to May) 0.9 µg/l (monocrotophos) and post-monsoon (September to December) 1 µg/l...
Effect of dipentyl phthalate in 3-dimensional in vitro testis co-culture is attenuated by cyclooxygenase-2 inhibition
October 2014
Exposure to phthalate esters is associated with changes in steroidogenesis, leading to the hypothesis that this is a primary mechanism of phthalate reproductive toxicity. However, some phthalate-induced male reproductive toxicity has been demonstrated in the absence of changes to testosterone production, suggesting additional mechanisms of action. There is evidence that phthalate exposure increases expression of the...
Bioaccumulation of heavy metals in cane rat (Thryonomys swinderianus) in Ogun State, Nigeria
October 2014
Wild animals have provided complimentary protein for human populations across the world over the centuries. This study investigated on bioaccumulation of heavy metals in different organs of cane rat (Thryonomys swinderianus) and the health implications of its consumption. Four carcasses were collected from each of the four ecotomes (Mosinmi, Agbara, Omo forest reserve and Ibese) and concentrations of 7 heavy metals (Fe,...
Determination of the effects of some artificial sweeteners on human peripheral lymphocytes using the comet assay
October 2014
In this study, the genotoxicity of the artificial sweeteners acesulfame potassium, aspartame, saccharin, and sorbitol, which are used in food industry and by patients with diabetes, was investigated in human peripheral lymphocyte cells using the single-cell gel electrophoresis (comet) technique. Human lymphocyte cells were treated with the substances for three hour at each of the three dosages (1.25, 2.5, and 5 ppm)....
Mitigating potential and antioxidant properties of aqueous seed extract of Leea guineensis against dichlorovos-induced toxicity in Wistar rats
September 2014
This work was carried out to access the mitigating potential of Leea guineensis aqueous seed extract against dichlorovos (DDVP)-induced toxicity in Wistar rats for ten days. Twenty Wistar albino rats (weighing 90 to 106 g) were divided into four groups (Normal, DDVP-induced untreated, DDVP-induced treated with 200 mg/kg of L. guineensis seed and DDVP-induced treated with 400 mg/kg L. guineensis seed by oral...
Identification and quantification of heavy metals in local drinks in Northern Zone of Nigeria
September 2014
Nine heavy metals were studied in locally prepared drinks, namely, “Zobo” and “Kunnu Zaki”. The samples were prepared from the outer covering (calyx) of the fruits of roselle Hibiscus sabdariffa and cereals (millet or guinea corn), respectively. Twenty samples of “Zobo” coded Zb1-Zb20 and twenty samples of “Kunnu Zaki” coded Kz1-Kz20 were bought from different...
Response of liver and gills of Mystus gulioto the heavy metal pollutants and metacercarian infection
August 2014
Mystus gulio collected from the polluted waters of Veli lake in the Thiruvananthapuram district of Kerala, India was subjected to histopathological observations to study the effect of the pollutants on the tissue of the fishes. The epithelial layer of the secondary lamellae was lifted and detached from the underlying tissue, and was also seen in a degenerative form. The hepatocytes have lost their shape and...
1,1,1-Trichloro-2,2-bis(p-chlorophenyl)ethane (DDT) and its derivatives in marketed Clarius werneri caught from Uganda’s major urban wetlands
July 2014
The presence of 1,1,1-trichloro-2,2-bis(p-chlorophenyl)ethane (DDT) and derivatives in the Clarius werneri of Uganda’s major urban wetland ecosystems was investigated. Solid dispersion extraction method for extraction, florisil column method for clean-up, gas chromatograph equipped with an electron capture detector (GC-ECD) for analysis and gas chromatograph equipped with mass spectrophotometer (GC-MS) for...
Bisphenol A induced reactive oxygen species (ROS) in the liver and affect epididymal semen quality in adults Sprague-Dawley rats
May 2014
Reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation, induced by Bisphenol A (BPA) may cause mammalian sperm damage according to research findings. BPA is a known contaminant that with increased exposure in the body can exert both toxic and estrogenic effects in mammalians cells. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of BPA-induced oxidative stress in the liver on epididymal semen quality in adult rat. BPA was mixed in...
Whole lung lavage therapy: Treatment for lung injury caused by paraquat poisoning
May 2014
Paraquat poisoning is characterized by multi-organ failure and pulmonary fibrosis with respiratory failure, resulting in high mortality and morbidity. To serious paraquat patients, the effectiveness of conventional treatments is unsuccessful. Whole lung lavage is a technique that was developed in the 1960s with the purpose of removing lipoproteinaceous material that accumulates in the bronchi of patients with alveolar...
Characterization of chrome buffing dust (CBD) generated from NILEST tannery associated with pathogenic fungi
March 2014
An attempt was made to monitor the level of chromium from chrome buffing dust waste (CBD) from Nilest tannery through preliminary investigation of the physicochemical characteristic of dried buffing dust (CBD) waste: pH, temperature (°C), alkalinity (mg/L), ash content (%), crude fibre (%) for example, using effluent and reference water sample as (control). Comparative study of the mean values of CBD, effluent and...
Development of urea formaldehyde and polystyrene waste as copolymer binder for emulsion paint formulation
March 2014
Urea formaldehyde, that is, trimethylol urea (TMU) resin was synthesized and blended with polystyrene waste (PS) to develop TMU/PS copolymer binder for emulsion paint formulation. The resulting copolymer was analysed for formaldehyde emission and other physical properties such as viscosity, gel time, density, turbidity, refractive index, melting point and moisture uptake, elongation at break and solubility in water....
Taurine alleviated biochemical alterations in male Wistar rats co-exposed to chlorpyrifos and lead
February 2014
The aim of the study was to investigate the effects of taurine on biochemical parameters in male Wistar rats co-exposed to chlorpyrifos and lead. Fifty rats were divided into five groups of ten rats each. The distilled water (DW) group received distilled water and the soya oil (SO) group received soya oil (1 ml/kg). Other groups were treated sequentially with taurine (50 mg/kg), chlorpyrifos (4.25 mg/kg, 1/20th LD50)...
Histopathological and hormonal disrupting effects of Escravos crude oil on the ovary of Chinchilla rabbits
February 2014
Crude oil is found in water and soil due to pollution resulting from oil exploration and exploitation. It is used as traditional medicine in some countries, especially among rural dwellers in the south-south and south-eastern Nigeria. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of Escravos crude oil on serum cholesterol, estradiol and progesterone in the ovary of Chinchilla rabbits. A total of thirty female...
Undesirable effects of drinking water chlorination by-products
February 2014
The fundamental objective of water treatment is the protection of consumers from pathogenic microorganisms. Chlorination of drinking water is essential to prevent waterborne disease. However, chlorine reacts with organic matter present in surface waters to form various by-products suspected of being carcinogenic. In the last decade, several epidemiological studies have been conducted to determine the connection between...
Coco peat - An alternative artificial soil ingredient for the earthworm toxicity testing
January 2014
The artificial soil medium recommended for invertebrate toxicity studies by OECD and ISO contains sphagnum peat as an organic component. Sphagnum peat is not widely available in tropical countries especially in the Indian subcontinent. Importing of sphagnum peat is not economically feasible and also time consuming Using of native organic matter source is also much more ecologically relevant for the region. Hence,...
Antibiogram of food-borne pathogens isolated from ready-to-eat foods and Zobo Drinks Sold Within and Around PRESCO Campus of Ebonyi State University (EBSU), Abakaliki, Ebonyi State, Nigeria
January 2014
Food poisoning (food-borne disease) is an infection that occurs after consuming food contaminated by sufficient numbers of viable pathogens and their toxins. It is a common and costly preventable infection that is of public health concern, and which is treated with available antibiotics. Jellof-rice, abacha, moi-moi and zobo drinks are some ready-to-eat foods sold within the PRESCO campus of Ebonyi State University...
Maternal lead exposure and pregnancy outcome in Wistar albino rats
December 2013
Lead (Pb) is a heavy metal environmental pollutant and toxicant. The present study investigated dose-related effects of maternal Pb exposure on pregnancy outcome. Wistar albino rats were gavaged with Pb nitrate (4 or 8 mg/kg) or vehicle daily from gestation day 0 until delivery. Length of pregnancy was noted. Number, birth weight and physical characteristics of pups were registered. Neonatal mortality was also recorded...
Bacterial quality control of domestic and imported brands of bottled water in Saudi Arabia
December 2013
Water is one of the most abundant and essential commodities of man occupying about 70% of the earth’s surface and 60% of the human body therefore it should be continuously protected against microbial infections. Also, the mineral content in drinking water should be maintained within the acceptable range. Quality control of drinking water emerged with the invention of bottled drinking water. In this study, samples...
Effect of some pesticides on growth, nitrogen fixation and nifgenes in Azotobacter chroococcum and Azotobacter vinelandii isolated from soil
September 2013
This study was designed to evaluate the effects of three pesticides (Imazetapir, Dimethoate and Bayleton 50) at the recommended concentration (in the field), on the growth of pure cultures ofAzotobacter chroococcum and Azotobacter vinelandii, on the amount of fixed nitrogen and nifgenes. Herbicide Imazetapir had no negative effect on nitrogen fixing bacteria, while Dimethoate and Bayleton 50 exhibited...
Estimation of toxic effects of chemically and biologically synthesized silver nanoparticles on human gut microflora containing Bacillus subtilis
September 2013
Biological silver nanoparticles were successfully synthesized from a simple green and natural route using the extract of Allium cepa (onion) with the use of silver nitrate as precursor and chemically synthesized using silver nitrate and tri sodium citrate. Nanoparticle synthesis was proven under UV-Visible absorption spectroscopy. Toxicity of sliver nanoparticles was tested using ToxTrak test, in which, fresh...
GST polymorphic status modifying the arsenic induced clinical manifestations in people of the southern part of West Bengal, India
September 2013
Persons chronically exposed to environmental arsenic through their drinking water experience various arsenic induced clinical manifestations which includes keratosis and pigmentary changes in the skin. However the response varies widely among persons. To study whether Glutathione-S-Transferase (GST) gene polymorphism plays any role in this variation, a total of 78 study subjects were recruited from the villages of...
A comparative study of copper (ii) removal on iron oxide, aluminum oxide and activated carbon by continuous down flow method
August 2013
The adsorption capacities of iron oxide, aluminum oxide, and activated carbon sorbents for the removal of copper ions were compared by down flow method. For this purpose, the 20 mg L-1aqueous solution of Cu (II) with initial pH of 6.5 was fed through three different packed columns at bed depth of 10 cm and flow rate of 1.85 ml min-1. The experimental breakthrough curves were drawn from the adsorption data of packed bed...
Induction of oxidative stress and apoptosis in human neutrophils by p-phenylenediamine
August 2013
Exposure to paraphenylenediamine (PPD), a derivative of paranitroaniline widely used as an oxidisable hair dye, is often associated with the development of allergic contact dermatitis. Such reactions involve activation of the subject’s immune system and it is known that neutrophils are the first cells to arrive at the site of perturbation. In view of its pivotal role in the initiation and amplification of...
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