The south western part of Ethiopia is the biodiversity hotspot of the country but the rising conflict between wildlife and human beings due to crop raiding has become a serious problem for wildlife conservation. The objective of this paper was to review the impact of crop raiding by wild animals on conservation in southwest Ethiopia. To write this paper I was surveyed different published and unpublished journal articles, which were written on the area of human wildlife conflict. Olive Baboon (Papio Anubis), Bush Pig, (Potamochoerus larvatus), Warthogs, (Phacochoerus africanus), African buffalo (Syncerus caffer), vervet monkey, (Chlorocebus aethiops), and crested Porcupine (Hystrix cristata) were the major crop raiding wild animals identified by different scholars in the area. There are a number of factors which affects the frequency of crop raiding. These include the species involved, farm location, farm size, crop type, season of the year and number of neighboring farms surrounding land use and mitigation methods employed by the farmers. Conservation of wildlife requires an integrated effort from both conservation stewards and support from local communities. To preserve these golden ruminant natural resources of south west Ethiopia; researchers, conservationists, governments, non-governmental organizations and local communities should work together to achieve the conservation goals.

Keywords: Wildlife, Conflict, Management, Crop raiding, conservation