January 2014
Method optimization for denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (DGGE) analysis of microflora from Eucalyptus sp. wood chips intended for pulping
Eucalyptus is the predominant exotic wood species used in South African pulp and paper industry. Once chipped and stored in piles, the wood becomes vulnerable to microbial degradation and spontaneous combustion. The denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (DGGE) technique was optimized for the detection of microbial diversity in the wood. Wood chips were collected and milled to different specifications. The 16S and 18S...
January 2014
Genetic diversity and differentiation of an endangered tree species, Afzelia xylocarpa (Kurz) craib in Thailand revealed by nuclear microsatellite markers
Afzelia xylocarpa is listed as an endangered species on the IUCN World list of Threatened Trees, due to over exploitation for its valuable timber and habitat loss, have resulted in a rapid decline of populations size and local population extinction. Understanding of the processes that determine population genetic structure, gene flow and mating systems is important to conserve and manage the existing populations for...
January 2014
Detection of circulating tumor cells in the peripheral blood of nasopharyngeal carcinoma patients by a nested reverse transcriptase polymerase assay for cytokeratin 19 mRNA
Nasopharyngeal carcinomas (NPC) are tumors of nasopharynx origin with high rate of distance metastases after radiotherapy. Therefore, detection of micrometastasis will be an important issue in the prognostic and the choice of the systemic treatment. Our aim was early detection of circulating tumor cells in the blood of NPC patients by an RT-PCR assay for cytokeratin19 mRNA. Patients and methods used are venous blood...
January 2014
Genetic molecular diversity in interspecific peanut lines differing in temporal resistance to peanut bud necrosis disease
Peanut bud necrosis disease is one of the major diseases in peanut. Interspecific pre-breeding lines were identified as resistant to bud necrosis disease. Molecular diversity analysis in 115 lines resistant to bud necrosis disease using simple sequence repeat markers revealed wide genetic diversity among lines. Out of 219 bands amplified, 205 were found polymorphic. Polymorphism information content (PIC) value ranged...
January 2014
Determination of ploidy among Yam (Dioscorea spp.) landraces in Kenya by flow cytometry
Yam (Dioscorea spp.), a traditional crop in Kenya has not undergone improvement and little has been done to understand its genetic background. The taxonomy and phylogeny of the local landraces has not been fully studied. The main cultivated species is Dioscorea minutiflora Engl. Others found with low distribution are Dioscorea alata L., Dioscorea bulbifera L. and Dioscorea odoratissima Pax. Flow cytometry was used to...
January 2014
Effect of pre-sowing electric treatment on chickpea seed at a constant temperature
The chickpea (Cicer arietinum) seeds were exposed to the electric field at 270, 470, 670, 870 and 1070 V/cm for 15 min duration at a constant temperature (13°C). The effect of electric treatment on germination, seedling growth and water uptake was investigated. Electrically treated seeds have shown a delay in water absorption as compared to the control (unexposed); hence, there was an increase in mean germination...
January 2014
Factors affecting in vitro plant regeneration from cotyledonary node explant of Senna sophera (L.) Roxb. – A highly medicinal legume
An efficient in vitro regeneration protocol has been developed for a medicinal legume Senna sophera (L.) Roxb. using Cotyledonary Node (CN) explants. The plant exhibits high medicinal potential and is being used in several traditional and homeopathy system of medicine. The present study described an in vitro regeneration protocol, where different factors were optimized for maximum multiplication and propagation. The age...
January 2014
Cultivation of soybean with swine wastewater
This study evaluates the cultivation of soybean under the use of swine wastewater (SWW). The SWW used was diluted in water at 0, 25, 50 and 75%. At 15, 30 and 45 days after sowing, plant height, fresh weight, dry weight, leaf area, concentrations of NPK on leaf and productivity were determined. The results show that plant height was not affected by SWW concentrations, being higher for T1 (water only). Dilutions of SWW...
January 2014
Assessment of the antibacterial activity of Cuscuta pedicellata Ledeb.
In search for alternative ways for bacterial fruit lesions control, we evaluated the aqueous decoction and aqueous infusion extract of Cuscuta pedicellata L. for their antibacterial activity against different pathovar of Xanthomonas campestris, the causal agent of this disease. The collected leaves were washed, dried and powdered. Aqueous decoction and aqueous infusion extract were prepared and observed for their...
January 2014
Response of fenugreek (Trigonella foenum-graecum L.) seedlings under moisture and heavy metal stress with special reference to antioxidant system
In the present investigation, the impact of drought and heavy metal in fenugreek was critically monitored. Fenugreek seedlings were exposed to 1- bar polyethylene glycol (PEG) solution (osmotic stress) and 10 ppm solution of HgCl2 (heavy metal). Within 3 days of seedling growth, mercury exposure induced relatively high level of adverse impact of root growth and biomass production where cell division was significantly...
January 2014
Morphological, cultural, pathogenic and molecular variability amongst Indian mustard isolates of Alternaria brassicae in Uttarakhand
Alternaria blight (Alternaria brassicae) causes severe foliar damage to Indian mustard in Uttarakhand. Ten (10) isolates of A. brassicae were collected from different hosts and characterized for cultural, morphological, pathogenic and molecular variations. A. brassicae colonies varied in their cultural behaviour ranging from cottony, flurry to feathery, with smooth to rough margins. Colour of colonies ranged between...
January 2014
Phylogenetic diversity analysis of Trichoderma species based on internal transcribed spacer (ITS) marker
The phylogeny of Trichoderma and the phylogenetic relationships of its species was investigated by maximum parsimony analysis and distance analysis of DNA sequences from multiple genetic loci 18S rDNA sequence analysis suggests that the genus Trichoderma evolved at the same time as Hypomyces and Fusarium and thus about 110 Myr ago 28S rDNA sequence analysis shows that the genus Trichoderma is part of a monophyletic...
January 2014
Analysis of the archaea communities in fields with long-term continuous cotton cropping
This study was carried out in order to investigate the variations of the soil archaeal community structure in fields with continuous cotton cropping in Xinjiang Region, China. Soil samples were collected from four depths in fields with 7-year continuous cotton cropping. 16S rRNA-polymerase chain reaction-denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (PCR-DGGE) was used to analyze the archaeal community structure in soil. The...
January 2014
Distribution, incidence and severity of viral diseases of yam (Dioscorea spp.) in Côte d’Ivoire
A survey was conducted in major yam cultivation zones in Côte d’Ivoire in 2009 to determine the incidence, severity of viral diseases, and viruses associated with the infected plants. Incidence and severity of the viral diseases were estimated based on symptoms. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and polymerase chain reaction (PCR)-based techniques were used for the detection of Yam mosaic virus...
January 2014
Possible antimicrobial activity of Morinda lucida stem bark, leaf and root extracts
Inhibitory activities of both aqueous and methanolic extracts of the root, stem bark, and leaf of Morinda lucida on Escherichia coli, Salmonella typhi, Salmonella paratyphi, and Salmonella typhorium was investigated in vitro. In vitro experiment was carried out using the agar well diffusion and disc diffusion methods with Gram-negative enterobacteria. M. lucida extracts were more active against all the tested bacteria...
January 2014
Assessment of the dietary transfer of pesticides to dairy milk and its effect on human health
The transfer of organophosphate and pyrethroid pesticides in dairy cattle’s milk when fed on agro-industrial by-product diet was assessed in this study. The transfer and accumulation of such pesticide in cattle fat tissue and milk was also assessed and the adverse effect on cattle’s and human health was also studied. For that purpose, about 80 milk and 30 diet samples were collected from various dairy farms....
January 2014
Antioxidant activity, phenolic and flavonoid content in leaves, flowers, stems and seeds of mallow (Malva sylvestris L.) from North Western of Algeria
The nutraceutical composition (phenolics and flavonoids) of all leaves, flowers, stems and seeds of mallow, Malva sylvestris L., as well as their antioxidant properties were studied using in vitro methods: ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) assay, by scavenging of 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical and total antioxidant capacity (TAC) based on the reduction of molybdenum (VI) to molybdenum (V). Results...
January 2014
Prevalence and seasonality of parasites of fish in Agulu Lake, Southeast, Nigeria
A study was undertaken to assess the prevalence, mean intensity, abundance and seasonality of parasites of fish in a natural, freshwater, tropical lake, southeast Nigeria. A total of 1191 fish specimen belonging to four families (Cichlidae, Bagridae, Hepsetidae and Channidae), seven genera and nine species were collected from the lake and examined for parasites. Eleven (11) species of parasites comprising metacercariae...
January 2014
Effect of Bt-cottonseed meal feeding on performance, fermentation, ciliates population and microbial hydrolytic enzymes in lamb
Effect of the Bt- or conventional cottonseed meal was assessed as well as the performance, fermentation, ciliate protozoa population and microbial enzyme of lambs. Three feed mixture (FM, forage: concentrate ration of 35: 65) contained groundnut oilmeal (GNM), insect protected Bt-cottonseed meal (Bt-CM) or conventional whole cottonseed (C-CM) as protein source, were fed for 123 days to the control, C-CM and Bt-CM group...
January 2014
Assessment of heavy metals (Cu, Ni, Fe, Co, Mn, Cr, Zn) in rivulet water, their accumulations and alterations in hematology of fish Channa punctatus
The present study was conducted to examine the contamination of rivulet situated at Kasimpur, Aligarh (27.218° N; 79.378° E). It receives the wastewater of Harduaganj Thermal Power Plant (HTPS) containing fly ash and heavy metals. Among the heavy metals estimated in the rivulet water, Fe (8.71 mg L-1) was present in the highest concentration followed by Cu (0.86 mg L-1), Zn (0.30 mg L-1), Mn (0.21 mg L-1), Ni...
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