May 2013
Biosynthesis of silver nanoparticles
The use of microorganisms in the synthesis of nanoparticles emerges as an eco-friendly and exciting approach. Several microorganisms have been known to produce silver nanoparticles (Ag NPs), when silver molecules are exposed either intracellularly or extracellularly. Intracellular synthesis may accomplish a better control over the size and shape distributions of the nanoparticles, product harvesting, and recovery are...
May 2013
Remediation of heavy metal contaminated soil
The worldwide awareness of the deleterious effects of heavy metal pollution has resulted in intensive research aiming at understanding metal interactions in soil and their removal in an efficient way. Although, the knowledge and practice of the conventional physio-chemical remedial technologies for degraded soils are age-old, they are not in demonstration these days due to their detrimental impact on various ecosystems....
May 2013
In silico approach towards H5N1 virus protein and transcriptomics-based medication
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May 2013
Molecular identification of endophytic fungi from Aquilaria sinensis and artificial agarwood induced by pinholes-infusion technique
Agarwood, the resinous portions of Aquilaria plants, have been used as medicines and incenses. Aquilaria sinensis is the major producer of agarwood in China. Agarwood are generally viewed as pathological products formed as defense symptom against fungal infection. In this study, microbial communities inhabiting the leaves of non-resinous and agarwood-producing wounded A. sinensis tree were...
May 2013
Proteomic evaluation of free fatty acid biosynthesis in Jatropha curcas L. (physic nut) kernel development
Jatropha curcas L. is one of the economic crops that are cultivated for biodiesel production. Here, the fatty acid and protein profiles of J. curcas kernels were evaluated during their development. The fruits were divided into eight developmental stages (stages I to VIII) based on their age and morphology. The fatty acid content was analyzed at each stage using gas chromatography after...
May 2013
Proteomic evaluation of free fatty acid biosynthesis in Jatropha curcas L. (physic nut) kernel development
Jatropha curcas L. is one of the economic crops that are cultivated for biodiesel production. Here, the fatty acid and protein profiles of J. curcas kernels were evaluated during their development. The fruits were divided into eight developmental stages (stages I to VIII) based on their age and morphology. The fatty acid content was analyzed at each stage using gas chromatography after...
May 2013
Cross-genus amplification and characterisation of microsatellite loci in the little free tailed bat, Chaerephon pumilus s. l. (Molossidae) from South Eastern Africa
Microsatellite loci for Chaerephon pumilus sensu lato from south eastern Africa were cross-amplified using primers developed for the Mexican free-tailed bat, Tadarida brasiliensis. Two dinucleotide and four tetranucleotide loci were recovered and genotyped for 74 bats, yielding 9 to 15 alleles per locus. The observed and expected heterozygosities were 0.06 to 0.84 and 0.54 to 0.81 respectively, and the...
May 2013
Molecular markers for drought tolerance in bread wheat
Random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) primers associated with drought tolerance was used in this study to characterize drought tolerance in six wheat genotypes with developed marker assisted drought tolerance. Four of them were tolerant and two were drought sensitive genotypes. The results indicate that tolerant genotypes harbored seven positive RAPD markers, while sensitive genotypes had only one negative RAPD...
May 2013
Studies of the genetics of inheritance of stem rust resistance in bread wheat
Pgt race TTKSK (Ug99) has a wide virulence range with respect to currently grown wheat cultivars worldwide. Aspects of migration, mutation, recombination and selection in the pathogen have led to previously deployed stem rust resistance genes being ineffective. Race TTKSK has further evolved to acquire virulence for resistance genes such as Sr24 (race Ug99 + Sr24) and Sr36 (Ug99 + Sr36). Five resistant wheat lines...
May 2013
Assessment of morphological and molecular diversity among okra [Abelmoschus esculentus (L.) Moench.] germplasm
Forty (40) RAPD primers and eight quantitative traits were used for the assessment of genetic diversity and establishing phenetic relationships in a set of 70 okra germplasm lines. Of the 40 RAPD primers, four namely, OPC-4, OPC-6, OPB-4 and OPB-5 did not show any amplification. A total of 170 RAPD scorable fragments were produced of which 92.94% alleles were observed to be polymorphic. Number of alleles scored per...
May 2013
Evaluation of the genetic effects of the in vitro antimicrobial activities of Rhazya stricta leaf extract using molecular techniques and scanning electron microscope
Rhazya stricta plants have always played a major role in the treatment of human and animal diseases and it has main role in the folk medicine. The aim of this study was to explore the potential antimicrobial activities of the aqueous leaves extract of R. strictaon Gram-negative and Gram-positive food-borne bacteria and evaluate the antimicrobial effect at the molecular level. The results indicate that the...
May 2013
Genetic diversity and relationship assessment among mulberry (Morus spp) genotypes by simple sequence repeat (SSR) marker profile
Mulberry (Morus L.) is essential for sericulture industry as the primary source of food for silkworm Bombyx mori L. In India, long tradition of practising sericulture includes the use of a large number of indigenous cultivars. Since knowledge on genetic divergence of these cultivars/varieties is imperative for conservation and gainful utilization, simple sequence repeat (SSR) profiling was employed to...
May 2013
DsRed gene expression by doxycycline in porcine fibroblasts and cloned embryos using transposon
To develop a transgenic pig, introduction of foreign genes into fibroblasts is required. In this study, Piggybac transposition was used to produce tetracycline dependent gene expressing cloned embryos. Red fluorescence proteins (DsRed) combined with tetracycline promoter flanked transposon sequences were transfected into fetal fibroblasts, and the transfected cells were used as the donor for somatic cell...
May 2013
Differential responses of Duo grass (Lolium × Festuca), a phosphorus hyperaccumulator to high phosphorus and poultry manure treatments
Use of suitable plants to extract and concentrate excess phosphorus (P) from contaminated soil serves as an attractive method of phyto-remediation. Plant species vary considerably in their potential to assimilate different organic and inorganic P substrates. Duo grass (a hybrid of Lolium × Festuca) seedlings were grown in liquid nutrient media supplemented with various concentrations of...
May 2013
Effect of heat stress on lipid peroxidation and antioxidant enzymes in mung bean (Vigna radiata L) seedlings
The aim of this research was to estimate the effects of heat stress on lipid peroxidation and antioxidant enzymes in seedlings of four mung bean genotypes (NM 19-19, NM 20-21, NM 121-123 and NCM 89). Sterilized seeds were grown in petri dishes at optimum temperature (30°C) for 24 h, exposed to 50°C for 2 h (lethal temperature) as well as pretreated to 40°C for 1 h prior to 50°C for 2 h. Changes...
May 2013
Establishment of callus from Opuntia robusta Wendl., a wild and medicinal cactus, for phenolic compounds production
In this work, a protocol for the establishment of callus cultures from Opuntia robusta, a wild and medicinal cactus, was developed. The effects of plant growth regulators and culture media composition on callus development were evaluated.The best response was observed on Murashige and Skoog medium added with 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid, benzyladenine, biotin, casein hydrolysate and proline. The exposure...
May 2013
Developmental features and yields of three promising upland rice varieties in Zimbabwe
Three upland rice varieties: NERICA 1, 3 and 7 that were proved to be promising by previous trails in Zimbabwe, were selected as experimental materials to evaluate their developmental features and yields in irrigated conditions. The results indicate that plant height increased sharply first, and then slowly until the highest values that kept invariant. Tiller number per hill showed S-shaped curves which increased and...
May 2013
Morphological characterization of potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) germplasm under rainfed environment
In this study, 11 potato cultivars were assessed based on their genetic variability of different morphological parameters, including emergence percentage (%), date of flowering, plant height (cm), number of leaves per plant, average leaf area, number of flowers per plant, number of stems per plant, and number of fruits per plant. All of these characters showed a high level of variation among all the varieties. Locally...
May 2013
Immunopurification and characterization of a rape (Brassica napus L.) seedling lipase
Lipase or triacylglycerol acylhydrolase (E.C.3.1.1.3) was purified to homogeneity from rapeseed-germinated cotyledons (Brassica napus L.). The purification scheme involved homogenization, centrifugation, ultracentrifugation and affinity chromatography using polyclonal antibodies raised against porcine pancreatic lipase. The purified rapeseed lipase was homogenous and did not contain...
May 2013
In vitro propagation via seeds of Capparis ovata Desf.
In vitro propagation of Capparis ovata Desf. was conducted using seeds of a Moroccan ecotype, C. ovata Desf. (ENAM green house / origin: Hamria). High seed germination percentage (70%) was achieved on Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium, supplemented with 1.5 mg/l benzylaminopurine + 0.01 mg/l acid indol-3-butyrique + 0.1 mg/l gibberellic acid after a dormancy breaking treatment by gibberellic...
May 2013
Validation of rice markers tagged to salinity stress
Validation of rice markers tagged to salinity stress revealed five (5) quantitative trait loci (QTLs) for salinity tolerance. One QTL for tiller number was revealed with RM286, two QTLs for root length were tagged with RM587 and RM589 in chromosome 6. Two QTLs for leaf diameter were tagged at chromosome 6 and 11 with RM508 and RM286, respectively. A novel QTL for tiller number located in chromosome 11...
May 2013
Adventitious shoot formation and plant regeneration from leaf explants of carnation (Dianthus caryophyllus L.)
Shoot multiplication and regeneration system was developed for two carnation (Dianthus caryophyllus L.) cultivars. For shoot multiplication, shoots of White Sim cultivar were cultivated onto MS media containing different levels of 6-benzyladenine (BA) and α-naphthalene acetic acid (NAA). High multiplication frequency was obtained on media containing 0.54 μM NAA combined with 4.4 or 8.8 μM BA. For...
May 2013
Seed cryopreservation of the native cacti Discocactus zehntneri, Pilosocereus gounellei and Stephanocereus luetzelburgii from Bahia, Brazil
The native cacti species from Bahia, Discocactus zehntneri, Pilosocereus gounelleiand Stephanocereus luetzelburgii, as other members of the Family Cactaceae, have been dramatically affected by illegal traffic, and with the destruction and fragmentation of their habitats. Considering the potential extinction risks for endangered species, and the several applications of these species,...
May 2013
Bioremoval of arsenic in purpose designed laboratory-scale bioreactors
Laboratory scale bioreactors were used to investigate the treatment of arsenic species deliberately contaminated groundwater. A mixed culture of sulphate-reducing bacteria (SRB) with molasses as carbon source was immobilised on a polystyrene support matrix. The artificial groundwater contained either As(III) or As(V) at concentrations of 20, 10, 5, 1 or 0.1 mg/l as well as 0.1 mg/l of a mixture with As(III) accounting...
May 2013
Influence of mixed culture system on the growth performance of Aspergillus oryzae and Saccharomyces cerevisiae
This study describes a novel strategy to improve the α-galactosidase and invertase production of Saccharomyces cerevisiae by co-cultivating it with Aspergillus oryzae. In the mixed culture, the growth of the both strains was repressed, and the protein synthesis for the yeast cell wall was promoted significantly. As a result, α-galactosidase and invertase activities of the mixed culture reached...
May 2013
High-level cefotaxime-resistant Proteus mirabilis strain isolated from a Tunisian intensive care unit ward: CTX-M-8 extended-spectrum β-lactamase coproduced with a plasmid mediated AmpC lactamase
The aimed of this study was to determine the implication of the biochemical and the molecular mechanism and to describe the properties of an extended-spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL) CTX-M-8 which was reported for the first time in Africa. A clinical isolate of Proteus mirabilis FS6449 was isolated from a patient hospitalized at an intensive care unit of the Military Hospital in Tunisia in 2009....
May 2013
Isolation and characterization of Micromonospora bacteria from various soil samples obtained around Lake Van
The objective of the study was to isolate and characterize the Micromonospora type bacteria from 24 soil samples collected from different localities around the Lake Van basin and Lake Erçek surroundings. Culturing was carried out on selective media following the completion of various physical-chemical analyses of the soil samples. Purified 65 Micromonospora isolate color grouping and numerical...
May 2013
Histamine and tyramine production by bacteria isolated from spoiled sardine (Sardina pilchardus)
Bacterial strains (32) from spoiled sardine were isolated and investigated for their ability to produce histamine and tyramine in histidine and tyrosine decarboxylase broth, respectively by a rapid high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) method. The predominant microflora of sardine consisted of the generaEnterobacteriaceae, Pseudomonas, Chryseobacterium, Vibrio, Photobacterium,...
May 2013
Therapeutical properties of cow milk fermented with Lactobacillus plantarum and Lactococcus casei
Milk is an excellent source of well balanced nutrients and also exhibits a range of biological activities that influence digestion metabolic responses to absorbed nutrients, growth and development of specific organs, and resistance to disease. The angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitory activity of cow milk was evaluated. In the present study, the high ACE-inhibitory activity of 79% was found in milk fermented...
May 2013
LAB, Lactic acid bacteria; SHR, spontaneous hypertensive rats; HA, hippuric acid; ACE, angiotensin-I-converting enzyme; HHL, hippuryl-histidyl-leucine.
Fibrolytic bacterial strains were isolated from the rumen liquor of permanently fistulated buffaloes kept on high fibre diet (roughage: concentrate: 60:40; w/w) on the basis of in vitro true dry matter digestibility study on pure neutral detergent fibre isolated from wheat straw and on high fibre based diet (wheat straw: concentrate: 80:20; w/w). Based on enzyme activity, the most potent fibre degrading...
May 2013
Chemical and nutritional content of Opuntia ficus-indica (L.)
Opuntia ficus-indica (L.) fruit pulp was analyzed for its chemical and nutritional content and the results compared with those of the same species from other parts of the world. The analysis included those for: Moisture and ash contents, crude fibre, energy values, non-reducing sugars, crude protein and vitamin C. Total carbohydrates were obtained by calculation. Results show no major variation in moisture content,...
May 2013
Effect of exogenously added rhamnolipids on citric acid production yield
The influence of a biosurfactant (rhamnolipids) on the effectiveness of citric acid production by Yarrowia lipolytica from sunflower oil was studied. The surfactant-mediated solubilization of the hydrophobic substrate was assessed by particle size distribution characteristics with and without the presence of sunflower oil hydrolization products. The presence of rhamnolipids contributed to a decrease of the oil...
May 2013
Ramadan fasting influences on food intake consumption, sleep schedule, body weight and some plasma parameters in healthy fasting volunteers
This study examines the changes in the lifestyle that accompanied Ramadan fasting. For this purpose, we followed the questionnaire programming meals, food consumption and sleep rhythm. We also followed changes in plasma biological parameters. The results show that daily energy consumption was not changed and neither was the body weight. Nevertheless, a decrease in fat mass was...
May 2013
Effect of heat processing on the profiles of trans fatty acids and conjugated linoleic acid in butter oil
Sman or traditional butter oil (TBO) is known to be rich in saturated fatty acids (SFA). Meanwhile, published information about trans fatty acids (TFAs) content in TBO remains unexplored. Therefore, a comparison of the fatty acid (FA) composition of traditional butter (TB) and (TBO) with emphasis on geometric and conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) isomers was undertaken. Both TB and TBO accounted for a...
May 2013
Production of thermostable and organic solvent-tolerant alkaline protease from Bacillus coagulans PSB-07 under different submerged fermentation conditions
An alkaliphilic bacterium producing organic solvent-tolerant and thermostable alkaline protease was isolated from poultry litter site and identified as Bacillus coagulans PSB-07. Protease production under different submerged fermentation conditions were investigated with the aim of optimizing yield of enzyme. B. coagulans PSB-07 produced protease optimally at the beginning of stationary phase over...
May 2013
Evaluation of herbal ointment formulation of Milicia excelsa (Welw) C.C berg for wound healing
The wound healing effect of Milicia excelsa ointment was evaluated in three groups of rats using the excision wound model. Also the antibacterial effect of M. excelsaextract on Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Staphylococcus aureus was investigated. The result of the study showed that the ointment of M. excelsa significantly enhanced wound contraction and epithelialization. The...
May 2013
Cytotoxicity of Sambucus ebulus on cancer cell lines and protective effects of vitamins C and E against its cytotoxicity on normal cell lines
Isolation and identification of potent anti-tumor compounds from medicinal plants, has motivated researchers to screen plant species for anti-tumor effects. Regarding the traditional utilization of Sambucus ebulus, Iranian native botany and its active ingredients (e.g. ebulitin and ebulin 1), cytotoxicity of ethyl acetate extract from S. ebulus (SEE) on HepG2 and CT26 cancer cell lines was investigated....
May 2013
Effect of inulin and probiotic bacteria on growth, survival, immune response, and prevalence of white spot syndrome virus (WSSV) in Litopenaeus vannamei cultured under laboratory conditions
The effect of inulin and probiotic bacteria on the growth, survival, immune response and viral prevalence of white spot syndrome virus (WSSV) in white shrimp was evaluated. Presumptive bacilli and lactic acid bacteria (LAB) were characterized for hemolytic and enzymatic activity, hydrophobicity and antagonism against Vibrio. Selected isolates (Bacilli and LAB) were included in the diet of juvenile...
May 2013
Effect of isolates of fibre degrading bacteria on body weight changes, milk production and its composition, nutrient intake and nutrient utilization in lactating Murrah buffaloes
Fibrolytic bacterial strains were isolated from the rumen liquor of permanently fistulated buffaloes kept on high fibre diet (roughage: concentrate: 60:40; w/w) on the basis of in vitro true dry matter digestibility study on pure neutral detergent fibre isolated from wheat straw and on high fibre based diet (wheat straw: concentrate: 80:20; w/w). Based on enzyme activity, the most potent...
May 2013
Evaluation of the effect of ginger modified cassava starch as thickener in the formulation of water based paint
Raw cassava starch has been used as thickener and binder in the formulation of water based paint, but with a problem of loss of viscosity in a very short period. This study evaluates the modification of cassava starch using active component of ginger extract and its use as a water- based paint thickener. 150 g of starch in 200 mL of water was modified using different concentrations (1, 5, 10, 20,...
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