January 2014
DNA extraction protocols for Citrullus lanatus and Capsicum frutescens: Effects of incubation temperatures and ethanol concentrations on DNA purity and quantity
Citrullus lanatus has exceptional levels of oil (42 – 57%) and protein (33.8%) while Capsicum frutescens has high quantities of pro-vit A, C, B (B1, B2, B3). In spite of these endowments, no disease resistant variety of C. lanatus has been developed in Nigeria through conventional breeding. Likewise, C. frutescens improvements has been limited mainly by susceptibility to pepper veinal...
January 2014
Mechanism of biological control of Rhizoctonia damping-off of cucumber by a non-pathogenic isolate of binucleate Rhizoctonia
The interaction of binucleate Rhizoctonia (BNR) anastomosis group (AG)-A isolate W7, Rhizoctonia solani AG-4 and cucumber seedlings were investigated to elucidate the mechanism of biocontrol of Rhizoctonia solani by BNR. Hypocotyls of Cucumis sativus L. cv. Jibai were inoculated with a virulent isolate of R. solani AG-4 isolate C4 and examined with light microscopy and scanning and transmission electron microscopy. The...
January 2014
Assessment of growth and yield of some high-and low-cyanide cassava genotypes in acid ultisols of south eastern Nigeria
Thirty-eight high and low cyanide cassava genotypes were evaluated for growth and yield. The experiment was fitted in a randomized complete block design with three replications. Analysis of variance (ANOVA) revealed significant difference (P<0.05) in growth and yield parameters, indicating strong genetic variations among the genotypes. Significant (P<0.05) highest average storage root weight of 1.5 and 1.8 kg were...
January 2014
Identification of putative candidate gene markers for grain zinc content using recombinant inbred lines (RIL) population of IRRI38 X Jeerigesanna
Nutrients in food crops can be enriched by adopting biofortification. Identifying the target quantitative trait loci (QTL) genes will help achieve biofortification with greater precision and accuracy. The objective of this experiment is to estimate grain zinc content, evaluation of candidate gene markers in recombinant inbred lines (RIL) derived from IRRI38 X Jeerigesanna and validation of putative candidate gene...
January 2014
Comparsion of bioleaching of copper sulphides by Acidithiobacillus ferrooxidans
Bioleaching of copper sulphides were investigated. The results show that the copper extraction from djurleite, bornite, covellite and chalcopyrite under the optimal conditions were 95.12, 84.5, 54.1, and 18.33%, respectively. A ranking for the bioleaching of copper sulfides was obtained: djurleite > bornite > covellite > chalcopyrite. A determination of the extent of adsorption of A. ferrooxidans on the surface...
January 2014
Characterization of moulds associated with processed garri stored for 40 days at ambient temperature in Makurdi, Nigeria
Characterization of moulds associated with processed white and yellow garri stored at ambient temperature for 40 days was investigated. The moulds isolated from white garri (%) were: Aspergillus spp 35.3, Penicillium spp 23.53, Fusarium spp 2.94, Mucor spp 17.65, Alternaria spp 5.88, Cladosporium sp 2.94 and Rhizopus 11.76%. For yellow garri: Aspergillus spp 37.04, Penicillium spp 23.53, Fusarium spp 7.41, Mucor...
January 2014
Acute toxicity, lipid peroxidation and ameliorative properties of Alstonia boonei ethanol leaf extract on the kidney markers of alloxan induced diabetic rats
The lethal toxicity and lipid peroxidation studies of Alstonia boonei on alloxan induced diabetic rats were analysed. The effect of ethanol leaf extract of A. boonei on the kidney markers of diabetic rat was also determined. The acute toxicity of the ethanol extract of A. boonei was found to be more than 5000 mg/kg body weight of the extract after 24 h of constant observation. The malondialdehyde concentration of the...
January 2014
Antioxidant properties of volatile oils obtained from Artemisia taurica Willd. and Salvia kronenburgii Rech. Fil. plants and their effects on xanthine oxidase
In this study, the antioxidant properties of volatile oils obtained from the earth parts of the Artemisia taurica Willd. and Salvia kronenburgii Rech. Fil. plants and their effects on xanthine oxidase enzyme were studied. The chemical contents of each volatile oil were determined by applying gas chromatograpghy-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) analysis. The total phenol and flavonoid amounts of each volatile oil and the total...
January 2014
Fractionation and determination of total antioxidant capacity, total phenolic and total flavonoids contents of aqueous, ethanol and n-hexane extracts of Vitex doniana leaves
As a result of normal metabolic processes, the human body produces reactive oxygen species capable of oxidizing biomolecules that can damage DNA, cells and also contribute to the development of chronic diseases. The process can be attenuated or perhaps reversed by herbs and diets containing components that can scavenge reactive oxygen species. In this study, the total antioxidant capacity (TAC), total polyphenolic...
January 2014
Synergistic effects of ethanolic plant extract mixtures against food-borne pathogen bacteria
Plant extracts are an important part in agroecology, as they benefit environment in combating pathogenic organisms, without resorting to synthetic chemicals. The objective of this study was to evaluate the antibacterial activity of mixtures of ethanol extracts from semi-desert plants [creosote bush (Larrea tridentata), tarbush (Flourensia cernua) and paddle cactus (Opuntia ficus-indica)] against Enterobacter aerogenes,...
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