July 2013
Genotoxicity and mutagenicity of solid waste leachates: A review
Solid waste production is inevitable and its unsanitary disposal in the environment is of public and environmental health concern. Leachate, generated due to the infiltration of water/precipitation through the waste mass and the wastes biodegradation, is amixture of dissolved organic matter, inorganic macro-components, heavy metals, xenobiotic organic compounds and microorganisms. Several studies have reported the acute...
July 2013
Biological treatment of crop residues for ruminant feeding: A review
Crop residues are often referred to as ‘lignocellulosics’ as they are rich in cellulose which is bound with a biopolymer lignin. Rumen microbiota (bacteria, protozoa and fungi), even with their hydrolytic enzymes, are not very competent enough to break these bonds efficiently. Biological treatment of such crop residues using white rot fungi (WRF) can break the ligno-cellulose complexes, liberating free...
July 2013
Cross-genus amplification and characterisation of microsatellite loci in the large-eared free tailed bat, Otomops (Chiroptera: Molossidae) from Africa and Madagascar
Primers developed for the Brazilian free-tailed bat, Tadarida brasiliensis, were successfully used to cross-amplify microsatellite loci in two Afro-tropical Otomopsspecies. Seventy one (71) bats from two species were genotyped for two dinucleotide and four tetranucleotide loci, yielding 1 to 15 alleles per locus. For the combined sample, the observed and expected heterozygosities ranged from 0.125 to...
July 2013
Genetic diversity analysis in aromatic rice genotypes using microsatellite based simple sequence repeats (SSR) marker
The microsatellite or simple sequence repeat (SSR) markers were used to determine the allelic diversity and relationship among 48 traditional indigenous aromatic rice germplasm grown under Eastern part of India. Out of 30 primers, 12 primers showed DNA amplification and polymorphism among 48 aromatic rice genotypes. A total of 28 bands appeared by using 12 SSR primers in 48 aromatic rice varieties/landraces. The...
July 2013
In vitro screening and molecular genetic markers associated with salt tolerance in maize
Salinity is one of the major limitations of plant growth and productivity all over the world. In vitro screening with marker assisted selection can greatly facilitate the selection and isolation of useful tolerant lines. The genetic basis of salt tolerance was examined in salt tolerant (EC 558706), moderately tolerant (EC 558719) and salt sensitive (EC 558620) maize genotypes. Callus lines from mature embryos...
July 2013
Cloning and characterization of NBS-LRR resistance gene analogues of Musa spp. and their expression profiling studies against Pratylenchus coffeae
Resistance gene analogues (RGAs) were isolated from two banana cultivars viz., Karthobiumtham and Rose using degernate primers designed from the conserved motifs of different plant resistance genes. A total of 40 sequences were hit with various R genes, of which 20 sequences were having uninterrupted open reading frame (ORFs). Based on the conserved domains like P loop, internal kinase 2, kinase 3a and hydrophobic...
July 2013
Genetic variation and relationships of Zea mays and Sorghum species using RAPD-PCR and SDS-PAGE of seed proteins
Genetic relationship between some species of Zea mays and Sorghum was determined using sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE) of seed protein and random amplification of polymorphic DNA (RAPD-PCR) markers. According to SDS-PAGE analysis, 78 band were identified across the studied species. The number of bands varies from 17 bands in sample number 5 to...
July 2013
Construction of an internal amplification control for Mycobacterium tuberculosis polymerase chain reaction (PCR) test
Tuberculosis (TB) is an infectious disease caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis(MTB) which mostly affects the lungs. The disease causes deaths of many people every year. There are different methods to detect MTB such as skin test, staining, culture and molecular techniques. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) is a simple and rapid method for the detection of MTB; however, positive and negative false results...
July 2013
Application of marker-assisted selection for ahFAD2A and ahFAD2B genes governing the high-oleic acid trait in South African groundnut cultivars (Arachis hypogaea L.)
One of the major shortcomings in cultivated groundnut in South Africa is the short shelf-life of the product due to rancidity of the oil rich seeds. Polyunsaturated fatty acids are more susceptible to oxidation than mono-unsaturated residues. Thus, it would be preferable to adjust the oleic acid: linoleic acid ratio to a more favourable one. The high-oleic acid trait in groundnut was reported to be dependent on two...
July 2013
Molecular cloning of full-length coding sequences and characterization of α chains for donkey (Equus asinus) type I collagen
Donkey (Equus asinus) is a good donor for the collagen production. However, the information on mRNA and protein of donkey collagen has never been reported. In this work, the cDNA sequences coding proα1 and proα2 chains of donkey type I procollagen were determined from six and seven overlapping RT-PCR products, respectively. Further characterization of deduced amino acid sequences detailed the propeptides,...
July 2013
Transgenic cassava lines carrying heterologous alternative oxidase (AtAOX1a) showed impaired quantitative and qualitative response to embryogenesis
In our approach to control reactive oxygen species produced as a result of oxidative stress experienced by cassava roots during harvesting, a phenomena which causes postharvest physiological deterioration in the roots, we transformed cassava variety TMS 60444 with the AtAOX1a gene, driven by the 35S promoter, using agrobacterium-mediated approach. Extracted genomic DNAs of putative transgenic lines were...
July 2013
Effect of mosaic virus diseases on dry matter content and starch yield of five cassava (Manihot esculenta Crantz) accessions in Ghana
The effect of mosaic virus diseases on dry matter content and starch yield of five local accessions of cassava, “Ankrah”, “AW/17, “Tomfa”, “Dagarti” and “Tuaka” was evaluated. Tomfa showed the highest (95%) incidence of the disease, index of severity of symptoms for all plants (ISSAP) of 3.70, as well as, for diseased plants (ISSDP) (3.84) while Dagarti did not show...
July 2013
Diversity of fungal endophytes and their bioactive metabolites from endemic plants of Tirumala hills-Seshachalam biosphere reserve
This study investigates the endophytic fungal diversity of three endemic plants of Tirumala hills also their capabilities for the production of hydrolysing enzymes and secondary metabolites. Our study provides the first evidence on the diversity, enzyme and metabolite charecterisation of fungal endophytes from the untapped endemic plants of Tirumala Hills of Seshachalam Biosphere Reserve, Easternghats, Andhra...
July 2013
Phylogenetic and characterization of salt-tolerant rhizobial strain nodulating faba bean plants
Improvement of faba bean production in the new reclamation land in Egypt requires isolation and selection of effective abiotic stress tolerant rhizobial strains. Three rhizobial strains were isolated from healthy faba bean plants growing in different geographic areas in Egypt. These isolates were adapted against different concentrations of NaCl (100, 150 and 200 mM) by using the enrichment method. They were...
July 2013
Phenotypic evaluation of indigenous Brinjal types suitable for rainfed conditions of South India (Tamil Nadu)
Research work was undertaken in brinjal (Solanum melongena L.) local types to identify suitable varieties for cultivation with high yield and quality traits under Madurai (Southern India) condition. The study reveals that highly significant differences were observed for most of the traits. Mean performance showed that EP 27 (1.93 kg) registered the highest fruit yield per plant followed by EP 3 (1.83 kg). From the...
July 2013
Incorporation of resistance to angular leaf spot and bean common mosaic necrosis virus diseases into adapted common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) genotype in Tanzania
Angular Leaf Spot (ALS) caused by the fungus Pseudocercospora griseola and Bean common mosaic and necrosis virus (BCMV/BCMNV) are important diseases of common bean in Tanzania that can cause severe yield reduction when uncontrolled. This study was conducted to incorporate resistant genes for ALS and BCMV/BCMNV diseases into adapted, market class and farmers and consumers preferred bean genotype using Marker...
July 2013
Removal of heavy metals from waste water of tanning leather industry by fungal species isolated from polluted soil
Seven fungal species (1237 colonies/g dry soil) belonging to three genera were isolated from soil sample (pH 8.7, total soluble salts 0.81 mS/cm, organic carbon 0.25%) located in the industrial city at Al-Madinah Al-Munawarah. Such soil receives a long-term application of untreated industrial effluents. The isolated species wereAspergillus candidus, Aspergillus carneus, Aspergillus...
July 2013
Factors affecting methanol content of fermented plant beverage containing Morinda citrifolia
Pectin extraction of fresh Morinda citrifolia Linn or Noni using HCl at various concentrations was studied. The highest pectin yield (9.89% w/w) was achieved by using 20 mM HCl. Pectinmethylesterase (PME) activity and specific activity of raw M. citrifolia were 0.276 (µmol/ml. min) and 1.48 (Units/mg), respectively whereas, in the ripen M. citrifolia, they were 1.006 (µmol/ml. min)...
July 2013
Down-regulation of GST and CAT gene expression by methanolic extract of Nigella sativa seed in human peripheral blood mononuclear cells
The anti-oxidant effect of Nigella sativa (NS) on human Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cells (PBMCs) on a PHA (phytohemagglutinin) and a non-PHA stimulated proliferation were tested using SYBR Green based Real Time PCR analysis for antioxidant enzyme’s gene expression [glutathione-stransferase (GST) and catalase (CAT)]. Cells isolated from human PBMCs were treated with methanolic extract of NS for 48 h in...
July 2013
Synthesis and fungicidal properties of 2,4-diaza-1,3,5-pentanetrione compounds
The preparation of 2,4-diaza-1,3,5-pentanetrione compounds were described. The fungicidal effects of these compounds on the mycelial growth of the isolate, Phoma eupyrena were carried out by invitro experiment. The results show that the response to treatment depended not only on the concentration of the compounds used and duration of inoculation but also on the chemical constitution. All the...
July 2013
Effects of culture systems on growth and economic performance of Oreochromis niloticus (Linnaeus, 1758) in concrete tanks
The effect of culture system on growth and economics performance of Orechromis niloticus (Nile tilapia) in concrete tanks was investigated. Four outdoor concrete tanks measuring 2.5 x 2 m was used for the study for 24 weeks culture period. The culture systems included the use of algae only at the stocking rates of 4 fishes/m2 (T1), algae plus commercial feed at the stocking rate of 10 fishes/m2 (T2),...
July 2013
Biodiesel production from Jatropha curcas oil catalyzed by whole cells of Aureobasidium pullulans var. melanogenum SRY 14-3
The main obstacle to using lipase as a catalyst in industrial scale biodiesel production is the cost and availability of the enzyme. To overcome this obstacle, the potential of using a whole cell biocatalyst (for at least partial in situ lipase production) was evaluated as a means to reduce the cost of the lipase. The reaction conditions for biodiesel production via transesterification between Jatropha...
July 2013
Production of dihydroxyacetone from glycerol by engineered Escherichia coli cells co-expressing gldA and nox genes
Glycerol can be converted into more valuable compound dihydroxyacetone by the nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+)-dependent glycerol dehydrogenase. However, it is economically prohibitive to produce dihydroxyacetone using purified glycerol dehydrogenase at the expense of a stoichiometric amount of the cofactor NAD+. In this study, Escherichia coli was engineered for dihydroxyacetone production by...
July 2013
Separation and characterization of phenolic compounds from Terminalia ivoiriensis using liquid chromatography–positive electrospray ionization tandem mass spectroscopy
erminalia ivoriensis A. Chev. (Combretaceae) is an Ivorian medicinal plant. There is little ethnobotanical and almost no chemical information available for this species. The aim of this study was to isolate phenolic compounds from T. ivoriensis. In this way, its ethyl acetate extract (Ea) was fractionated by silica gel column chromatography followed by Sephadex LH20 filtration. Elution solvents were...
July 2013
Anti-diarrhoeal potential of the ethanol extract of Gongronema latifolium leaves in rats
The leaves of Gongronema latifolium is used in Nigeria for the treatment of diarrhoea and thus, the phytochemical constituents as well as the acute toxicity of the ethanol extract of the leaves of G. latifolium and its effects [at graded doses of 200, 400 and 600 mg/kg body weight (b.w)] against castor oil-induced diarrhoea models in rats were evaluated. The parameters used for the evaluation of the...
July 2013
Identification of genes differentially expressed in Jining Grey and Liaoning Cashmere goats ovaries
To search for genes controlling high prolificacy of Chinese indigenous goats, differential display reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (DDRT-PCR) was used to screen differentially expressed cDNA bands in the sexually matured ovaries of 3-year-old prolific Jining Grey goats and monotocous Liaoning Cashmere goats with 24 combinations of three anchored primers and eight arbitrary primers. 22 expressed sequence...
Advertisement
Advertisement
