Molecular characterization of high-risk infection vaginal bacteria isolated from pregnant women in CHU-MEL of Cotonou (Benin)

Haziz Sina; Christine N’tcha; Durand Dah-Nouvlessounon; Gnimdou Gnama-Tchao; Bawa Boya; Akim Socohou; Abdou Ramanou Alao Sanni; Farid Baba-Moussa; Adolphe Adjanohoun; Lamine Baba-Moussa

doi:10.5897/AJMR2021.9589

African Journal of
Microbiology Research

Abbreviation: Afr. J. Microbiol. Res.
Language: English
ISSN: 1996-0808
DOI: 10.5897/AJMR
Start Year: 2007
Published Articles: 5238

Full Length Research Paper

Molecular characterization of high-risk infection vaginal bacteria isolated from pregnant women in CHU-MEL of Cotonou (Benin)

Haziz Sina

Haziz Sina
Department of Biochemistry and Cellular Biology, Laboratory of Biology and Molecular Typing in Microbiology, Faculty of Sciences and Techniques, University of Abomey-Calavi, 05 BP 1604 Cotonou, Benin.
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Christine N’tcha

Christine N’tcha
Department of Biochemistry and Cellular Biology, Laboratory of Biology and Molecular Typing in Microbiology, Faculty of Sciences and Techniques, University of Abomey-Calavi, 05 BP 1604 Cotonou, Benin.
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Durand Dah-Nouvlessounon

Durand Dah-Nouvlessounon
Department of Biochemistry and Cellular Biology, Laboratory of Biology and Molecular Typing in Microbiology, Faculty of Sciences and Techniques, University of Abomey-Calavi, 05 BP 1604 Cotonou, Benin.
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Gnimdou Gnama-Tchao

Gnimdou Gnama-Tchao
Department of Biochemistry and Cellular Biology, Laboratory of Biology and Molecular Typing in Microbiology, Faculty of Sciences and Techniques, University of Abomey-Calavi, 05 BP 1604 Cotonou, Benin.
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Bawa Boya

Bawa Boya
Department of Biochemistry and Cellular Biology, Laboratory of Biology and Molecular Typing in Microbiology, Faculty of Sciences and Techniques, University of Abomey-Calavi, 05 BP 1604 Cotonou, Benin.
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Akim Socohou

Akim Socohou
Department of Biochemistry and Cellular Biology, Laboratory of Biology and Molecular Typing in Microbiology, Faculty of Sciences and Techniques, University of Abomey-Calavi, 05 BP 1604 Cotonou, Benin.
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Abdou Ramanou Alao Sanni

Abdou Ramanou Alao Sanni
Bacteriology Laboratory, Lagune Mother and Child Hospital and University Center, Cotonou, Benin.
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Farid Baba-Moussa

Farid Baba-Moussa
Laboratory of Microbiology and Food Technology, Department of Plant Biology, Cotonou Benin, University of Abomey-Calavi, Benin.
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Adolphe Adjanohoun

Adolphe Adjanohoun
National Institute of Agronomic Research of Benin (INRAB), Cotonou, Benin.
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Lamine Baba-Moussa

Lamine Baba-Moussa
Department of Biochemistry and Cellular Biology, Laboratory of Biology and Molecular Typing in Microbiology, Faculty of Sciences and Techniques, University of Abomey-Calavi, 05 BP 1604 Cotonou, Benin.
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Article Number - 2ECF3C968368
Vol.15(12), pp. 592-604 , December 2021
https://doi.org/10.5897/AJMR2021.9589

Received: 17 October 2021
Accepted: 29 November 2021
Published: 31 December 2021

Abstract

The aim of this study is to determine the distribution of the genotypic pathogenicity traits of vaginal high-risk infectious bacteria (HRIB) collected in the CHU-MEL of Cotonou (Benin). To achieve this, a recto-vaginal swab of 42 pregnant women in the third trimester of pregnancy was collected. Species identification was carried out by specific biochemical tests. Antimicrobial susceptibility was tested according to the microbiology standard recommendation. Macrolide resistance genes in Gram-positive bacteria and virulence genes in Escherichia coli were investigated by polymerase chain reaction (PCR). E. coli is the most isolated species (14.7%) followed by Klebsiella pneumoniae (11.8%). Mono-microbial carriage was 55.9%. Gram-negative antibiotic susceptibility shows strong resistance to beta lactam. While Gram-positive bacteria showed strong resistance to beta-lactamine, tetracycline and macrolides with cMLS_B (70.4%), iMLS_B (3.7%) and M (25.9%) phenotypes. ErmB and ermTR were not detected in Gram-positive bacteria but mef(A/E) was detected at a high. Virulence genes in E. coli were detected and fimA was the most common (52.2%) followed by sfa/foc (30.4%) and cnf1 (13.0%). NeuC and ibeA have not been detected. The hvgA virulence gene was detected in S. agalactiae at a rate of 61.54%. These results demonstrate the importance of introducing antenatal screening for HRIB to improve obstetric and neonatal management in Benin.

Key words: Pregnant woman, vaginal swab, neonatal infection, virulence factor.

Abbreviation

CHU-MEL, Lagune University Hospital of Mother and Child; HRIB, high risk of infection bacteria; CNS, coagulase negative staphylococci; ermB, gene encoding for macrolide-lincosamide-streptogramin B resistance protein; ermTR, gene encoding for erythromycin resistance methylase; mef(A/E), gene encoding for macrolide resistance A and E; dltR, gene encoding for transcriptional regulatory protein; hvgA, gene encoding for hypervirulent GBS adhesion; neuC, UDP-N-acetylglucosamine 2-epimerase; FimA, gene encoding for Type-1 fimbrial protein A chain; ibeA, gene encoding for Invasion protein; cnf1, gene encoding for cytotoxic necrotizing factor 1; sfa/foc, gene clusters for S fimbrial adhesin (sfa) and F1C fimbriae (foc); TE, tetracycline; GN, gentamicin; E, erythromycin; VA, vancomycin; AMP, ampicillin; L/MY, lincomycin/ clindamycin; P, penicillin G; CTX, cefotaxime.