Full Length Research Paper
References
Ahammad ZS, Sreekrishnan TR, Hands CL, Knapp CW, Graham DY,2014 Increased waterborne blandm-1 resistance gene abundances associated with seasonal human pilgrimages to the upper ganges river. Environ. Sci. Technol. 48(5): 3014-3020. |
|
Al-Muharrmi Z, Rafay A, Balkhair A, Jabri AA, 2008 Antibiotic combination as empirical therapy for extended spectrum Beta-lactamase. Oman Med J. 23(2):78-81. |
|
Ambler RP, Coulson AF, Frere JM, Ghuysen JM, Joris B, Forsman M Levesque RC, Tiraby G,Waley SG (1991). A standard numbering scheme for the class A beta-lactamases. Biochem. J. 276(1):269-70. |
|
Anderson KF, Lonsway D, Rasheed JK, Biddle J, Jensen B, McDougal LK, Carey RB, Thompson A, Stocker S, Limbago B, Patel JB (2007). Evaluation of methods to identify the Klebsiella pneumonia carbapenemase in Enterobacteriaceae. J. Clin. Microbiol. 45(8):2723-2725. |
|
Amjad A, Mirza I, Abbasi S, Farwa U, Malik N, Zia F (2011). Modified Hodge test: A simple and effective test for detection of carbapenemase production. Iran. J. Microbiol. 3(4):189. |
|
Arakawa Y, Shibata N, Shibayama K, Kurokawa H, Yagi T, Fujiwara H, Goto M (2000). Convenient test for screening metallo-beta-lactamase-producing gram-negative bacteria by using thiol compounds. J. Clin. Microbiol. 38:40-43. |
|
Arora S, Bal M (2005). The AmpC β-lactamase producing bacterial isolates at a Kolkata hospital Ind. J. Med. Res. 122:224-33. |
|
Bandekar N, Vinodkumar CS, Basavarajappa KG, Prabhakar PJ, Nagaraj P (2011). The beta lactamases mediated resistance amongst the gram negative bacilli in burn infections. Int. J. Biol. Res. 2:766-770. |
|
Bauer AW, Kirby WMM, Sherris JC, Turck M (1966). Antibiotic susceptibility testing by a standardized single disc method. Am. J. Clin. Pathol. 36:493-496 |
|
Bhattacharjee A, Anupurba S, Guar A, Sen MR (2008). The prevalence of inducible AmpC β- lactamase producing Pseudomonas aeruginosa in a tertiary care hospital in northern India IJMM. 26:89-98. |
|
Bhavnani SM, Ambrose PG, Craig WA, Dudley MN, Jones RN (2006). Outcomes evaluation of patients with ESBL- and non-ESBL- producing Escherichia coli and Klebsiella species as defined by CLSI reference methods: report from the SENTRY Antimicrobial Surveillance Program. Diagn. Microbiol. Infect. Dis. 54:231-236. |
|
Birgy A, Mariani-Kurkdjian P, Bidet P, Doit C, Genel N, Courrux C, Arlet G, Bingen E (2013). Characterization of Extended-Spectrum- beta-Lactamase-Producing Escherichia coli Strains Involved in Maternal-Fetal Colonization: Prevalence of E. coli ST131. J. Clin. Microbiol. 51(6):1727 |
|
Black JA, Moland ES, Thomson KS (2005). AmpC disk test for detection of plasmid-mediated AmpC beta-lactamases in Enterobacteriaceae lacking chromosomal AmpC beta-lactamases. J. Clin. Microbiol. 43:3110-3113. |
|
Bradford PA (2001). Extended-spectrum β-lactamases in the 21st century: characterization, epidemiology, and detection of this important resistance threat. Clin. Microbiol. Rev. 14(4):933. |
|
Chandel DS, Johnson JA, Chaudhari R, Sharma N, Shinkre N, Parida S, Misra PR, Panigrahi P (2011). Extended spectrum b-lactamase producing Gram negative bacteria causing neonatal sepsis in India in rural and urban settings. J. Med. Microbiol. 60:500-507. |
|
Cosgrove SE, Kaye KS, Eliopoulous GM, Carmeli Y (2002). Health and economic outcomes of the emergence of third-generation cephalosporin resistance in Enterobacter species. Arch Int. Med. 162:185–90. |
|
Coudron PE (2005). Inhibitor-based methods for detection of plasmid-mediated AmpC β-lactamases in Klebsiella spp., Escherichia coli, and Proteus mirabilis. J. Clin. Microbiol. 43:4163-7. |
|
Dewees LB, Poupard JA, Morton HE (1970). Effect of storage of Mueller Hinton Agar plates on zone sizes for antimicrobial testing. Appl. Microbiol. 30:203-207. |
|
Fair RJ, Tor Y (2014). Antibiotics and Bacterial Resistance in the 21st Century. Perspect. Med. Chem. 6:25-64. |
|
Garrec H, Drieux-Rouzet L, Golmard J-L, Jarlier V, Robert J (2011). Comparison of Nine Phenotypic Methods for Detection of Extended-Spectrum β-Lactamase Production by Enterobacteriaceae. J. Clin. Microbiol. 49(3):1048-1057. |
|
Hussain M, Hasan F, Shah AA, Hameed A, Jung M, Rayamajhi N, Cha SB, Yoo HS (2011). Prevalence of class A and AmpC β-lactamases in clinical Escherichia coli isolates from Pakistan Institute of Medical Science, Islamabad, Pakistan. Jpn. J. Infect. Dis. 64(3):249-252. |
|
Ibrahim ME, Bilal NE, Magzoub MA, Hamid ME (2013). Prevalence of Extended-spectrum β-Lactamases-producing Escherichia coli from Hospitals in Khartoum State, Sudan. Oman Med. J. 28(2):116. |
|
Idowu OJ, Onipede AO, Orimolade AE, Akinyoola LA, Babalola GO (2011). Extended-spectrum Beta-lactamase Orthopedic Wound Infections in Nigeria. J. Glob. Infect. Dis. 3(3):211 |
|
Kader AA, Kumar AK (2004). Prevalence of extended spectrum β-lactamase among multidrug resistant gram-negative isolates from a general hospital in Saudi Arabia. Saudi Med. J. 25(5):570-574 |
|
Kharat AS, Mahadevan S (1999). Plasmid mediated suppression of the mutational activation of the bgl operon in Shigella sonnei. Acta. Biochim. Polon. 46(4):753-61. |
|
Kotwal A, Biswas D, Kakati B, Singh M (2016). ESBL and MBL in cefepime resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa: An update from the rural area in Northern India. J. Clin. Diag. Res. 10(4):DC09-DC11. |
|
Mohamed Al-Agamy MH, El-Din Ashour MS, Wiegand I (2006). First description of CTX-M beta-lactamase-producing clinical Escherichia coli isolates from Egypt. Int. J. Antimicrob. Agents. 27(6):545 |
|
Moyo SJ, Aboud S, Kasubi M, Lyamuya EF, Maselle SY (2010). Antimicrobial resistance among producers and non-producers of extended spectrum beta-lactamases in urinary isolates at a tertiary Hospital in Tanzania.BMC Res. Notes. 3:348 |
|
Paterson DL, Bonomo RA (2005). Extended-spectrum beta-lactamases: a clinical update. Clin. Microbiol. Rev. 18:657-686. |
|
Picao RC, Andrade SS, Nicoletti AG (2008). Metallo-β-lactamase detection: Comparative evaluation of double-disc synergy versus combined disc tests for IMP-, GIM-, SIM-, SPM-, or VIM-producing isolates. J. Clin. Microbiol. 46:2028-2037. |
|
Rawat D, Nair D, 2010 Extended-spectrum β-lactamases in Gram Negative Bacteria. J. Glob. Infect. Dis. 2(3):263-274. |
|
Sun Q, Tarnberg M, Zhao L, Lundborg CS, Song Y, Grape M, Nilsson M, Tomson G, Nilsson LE (2014). Varying high levels of fecal carriage of extended-spectrum-beta-lacamase producing Enterobacteriaceae in rural villages in Shandong, China: Implications for global health. PLoS One. 9(11):e113121. |
|
Tsakris A, Kristo I, Poulou A, Themeli-Digalaki K, Ikonomidis A, Petropoulou D, Pournaras S, Sofianou D (2009). Evaluation of boronic acid disk tests for differentiating KPC-possessing Klebsiellapneumoniae isolates in the clinical laboratory. J. Clin. Microbiol. 47:362–367 |
|
Thomson KS (2010). Extended-Spectrum-β-Lactamase, AmpC, and Carbapenemase Issues. J. Clin. Microbiol. 48(4):1019-1025. |
|
Upadhyay S, Hussain A, Mishra S, Maurya AP, Bhattacharjee A, Joshi SR (2015). Genetic environment of plasmid mediated CTX-M-15 extended spectrum beta-lactamases from clinical and food borne bacteria in North-Eastern India. PLoS one. 10(9):e0138056. |
|
Ventola CL (2015). The Antibiotic Resistance Crisis: Part 1: Causes and Threats. Pharmacy and Therapeutics. 40(4):277-283. |
|
Winokur PL, Canton R, Casellas JM, Legakis N (2001). Variations in the prevalence of strains expressing an extended-spectrum beta-lactamase phenotype and characterization of isolates from Europe, the Americas, and the Western Pacific region. Clin. Infect. Dis . 32(Suppl 2):S94-S103. |
|
Zhang H, Zhou Y, Guo S, Chang W (2015). Multidrug resistance found in Extended-Spectrum-beta-lactamase producing Enterobacteriaceae from rural water reservoirs in Guantao, China. Front. Microbiol. 6:1-4. |
Copyright © 2025 Author(s) retain the copyright of this article.
This article is published under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License 4.0