April 2013
Role of integrons in antimicrobial resistance: A review
Antibiotic resistance in bacteria still remains one of the leading concerns in global public health. Horizontal transfer of resistance genes is considered to be a major cause to facilitate the rapid spread of antibiotic resistance in microbes. In recent years, the role of integrons as mobile genetic elements playing a central role in horizontal transfer of antibiotic resistance have been well studied and documented....
April 2013
Endophytic bacterial communities in tomato plants with differential resistance to Ralstonia solanacearum
The endophytic bacterial communities in tomato varieties having differing resistance (or susceptibility) to Ralstonia solanacearum were investigated using both cultivation dependent and independent approaches. Both approaches revealed the differences between resistant (Xiahong-1) and susceptible (Baoshi-5) cultivars in terms of diversity and abundance of endophytic bacteria. The amount of the endogenous...
April 2013
Detection of methanotrophic endosymbionts in Sphagnum sp. originating from Moszne peat bog (East Poland)
Wetlands are one of the major sources of atmospheric methane. However, not all methane produced by methanogens reaches the atmosphere as a substantial amount of CH4 (1 to 90%) is recycled in soil aerobic zone by methanotrophic bacteria. It was found that methane oxidation is also conducted by methanotrophic bacteria endosymbionts ofSphagnum mosses. The aims of the study were to...
April 2013
Antimicrobial, antioxidant activities and cytotoxicity evaluation of Artocarpus nigrifolius C. Y. Wu from Vietnam
The extracts of leaf, stem bark, twigs and root of Artocarpus nigrifolius C. Y. Wu exhibited antibiotic activity against Bacillus subtilis, Staphylococcus aureus, Lactobacillus fermentum with the minimum inhibitory concentration value (IC50) of 3.65, 5.49 and 4.25 µg/ml, respectively; but not with Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Candida albicans. The extract from stem bark shows a higher anti-oxidant...
April 2013
Response of grain legumes to rhizobial inoculation in two savanna soils of Nigeria
Three inoculation trials with soybean, cowpea and groundnut were conducted on Eutric Cambisols (EC) and Rhodic Nitisols (RN) in a greenhouse. Five rhizobial inoculants: MAR 1495, TSBF Mixture, Legumefix, HiStick and IRJ 2180A were tested on each crop to determine their response to soil type and ability to form symbiotic relationship with the crops. Generally, response to inoculation was found to be significantly higher...
April 2013
A meta-analysis of Giardia lamblia in Iran
Giardia lamblia is the frequent cause of diarrhea in humans and other mammals across the world. The present systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to estimate the epidemiology of Giardia lamblia in the republic Islamic of Iran. The main international sources of ISI and Pubmed as well as the major national data banks in Iran including Magiran, IranMedex, SID and IranDoc were...
April 2013
Expression of enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli colonization factor I major subunit (CfaB) and evaluation of its immunogenicity
Enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli (ETEC) is the most significant agent leading to childhood diarrhea and death in developing countries. This bacterium is the cause of 380 thousand deaths in children under five years of age. Due to its prevalence as well as difficulties in its treatment, designing effective vaccines against ETEC is a goal of the World Health Organization (WHO). The Colonization factor B (CfaB)...
April 2013
Endophytic fungi associated with the medicinal plant, Achyranthes bidentata Blume (Amaranthaceae)
Achyranthes bidentata is an important traditional Chinese medicinal plant, which is less infected by mycorrhizal fungi. This study reported the endophytic fungi associated with A. bidentata growing in five cultivation sites in China. A total of 746 isolates of endophytic fungi representing 37 fungal taxa were obtained from segments of leaves, stems and roots of this plant. Anamorphic Ascomycota were the...
April 2012
Prevalence of Cryptosporidium and other intestinal parasites using different diagnostic techniques in Enugu Metropolis, South-Eastern Nigeria
Cryptosporidium is a protozoan parasite and the aetiologic agent of a gastrointestinal disease, known as cryptosporidiosis. In this study, a total of 300 faecal samples were collected and analysed for the presence of Cryptosporidium, yeasts and other parasites using direct normal saline, iodine wet preparations, formol-ethylacetate concentration and modified Ziehl Neelsen staining techniques. Using direct...
April 2013
Neurophysiological and behavioral effects of mycotoxin deoxynivalenol and fumonisin
Two experiments were conducted to compare the effects of feeding blends of wheat grains naturally contaminated with deoxynivalenol (DON) and maize products contaminated with Fusarium (FUM) mycotoxins on brain regional concentration of brain dopamine (DA), norepinephrine (NE) and serotonin (5-HT) in hippocampus, mid brain, cortex, striatum, pons and medulla and cerebellum of male albino mice....
April 2013
Estimation of total volatile fatty acid (VFA) from total organic carbons (TOCs) assessment through in vitro fermentation of livestock feeds
In vitro fermentation of 32 available feedstuffs was performed to investigate the relationship between soluble total organic carbon (TOCs) and volatile fatty acids (VFA) production. Correlation between VFA and methane (CH4) emission was also investigated. For this purpose, a fermentation reactor was designed to collect liquor for estimating TOCs and VFA during in vitro fermentation. The results...
April 2013
A new PCR strategy for multilocus sequence typing of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus
A single PCR protocol for methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA) housekeeping genes, carbamate kinase, shikimate dehydrogenase, glycerol kinase, guanylate kinase, phosphate acetyltransferase, triosephosphate isomerases, and acetyl coenzyme-A acetyltransferase for multilocus sequence typing was developed. This PCR strategy provides a simple, rapid and cost effective amplification of the multiple loci of...
April 2013
Shell disease of Neoepisesarma mederi crabs and its associated secondary infections
Shells of crabs are infected with a high prevalence of diseases than any other crustacean. Bacteria, viruses, fungi and several other pathogens influence higher percentage of shell disease in crabs. Infections in crab affected growth and metabolism and it may also lead to death. This work deals with the microscopic examination of shell diseased crabs with reference to its variation in hemocytes count,...
April 2013
An insight into the basis of resistance in Sorghum bicolor against Colletotrichum sublineolum
This study was done to investigate biochemical, histological and molecular basis of resistance after a compatible and incompatible interaction between Sorghum varieties andColletotrichum sublineolum. In the susceptible variety, the pathogen invaded all types of tissues but in resistance variety, pathogen invasion was redistricted. Localized cell death was obvious in cortical region of resistant variety...
April 2013
Prevalence of Helicobacter pylori cagA and vacA genotypes in a population from Northeastern Mexico with chronic gastritis and intestinal metaplasia
Helicobacter pylori is associated with the development of a variety of gastroduodenal diseases. In this study, we evaluated the prevalence of H. pylori cagA and vacAgenotypes from a Northeastern Mexico population. DNA was extracted from 135 gastric biopsies from patients with gastric disease: 110 with chronic gastritis (CG) and 25 with intestinal metaplasia (IM). Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) was...
April 2013
Rapid mini-prep isolation of high quality small and large plasmids from phytopathogenic Gram negative bacteria
A simple and cheap method of plasmid DNA preparation from phytopathogenic Gram-negative bacteria (Xanthomonad, Erwinia stewartii) is presented here. In this method, in place of the high-priced chemicals and commercial kits, available and cheap chemicals were used for rapid isolation of small and large plasmids from different Gram negative bacteria. The time also was reduced by using this method giving a...
April 2013
Influences of some biotic and abiotic factors on protein production and as inducers of Fusarium wilt disease resistance in lupine (Lupinus albus L.)
Two bacterial species; Pseudomonas fluorescens and Pseudomonas putida and three different chemical compounds; copper sulphate (CuSO4), Indole butyric acid (IBA) and potassium chloride (KCl) were tested for their ability to induce resistance in lupine plants against wilt disease caused by Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. lupini. Treatment of seeds with the selected bacterial species and...
April 2013
Microbiological and environmental factors survey in two laboratory animal facilities from Western Romania
In Romania, experimentation on laboratory animals is hampered by major deficiencies regarding breeding systems, marketing and use of animals for scientific purposes, the provisions of The European Convention for the Protection of Vertebrate Animals Used for Experimental and Other Scientific Purposes and Directive 63/2010/EEC are not yet respected fully. The aim of this study was to evaluate the microbiology and...
April 2013
Structure and cyanobacterial species composition of microbial mats in an Arabian Desert stream
Microbial mats are often the dominant benthic biotype in desert streams, however information on such mats is very scarce. We investigated the gross morphology of microbial mats and their cyanobacterial species composition in a perennially flowing wadi in Northern Oman, in relation to current flow and other biotic and abiotic variables. Physical and chemical parameters at the six sites were generally similar with low...
April 2013
Distribution of microbial communities in Guiyu soils and sediments investigated by 16S rRNA gene library and denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (DGGE) fingerprinting
Guiyu, a town in south China, seriously polluted by heavy metals and toxic organic compounds, takes an important part in the cycle of the Waste Electrical and Electronic Equipment. Here, culture-independent approaches were used to analyze the bacterial community structure of 7 soil and sediment samples. The objective of this paper was to examine the distribution of microbial communities in the e-waste contaminated areas...
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