May 2009
The role of SEF14 fimbriae in pathogenesis and enhancing the immunity of Salmonella enteritidis
Food safety is an important component of effective prevention and control strategy for Salmonella enteritidis infection. The control strategies have been implemented in poultry with ultimate aim to reduce S. enteritidis out breaks in human. SEF14 fimbriae are expressed on strains of serogroup D salmonella and contribute their survival in macrophages. SEF14 fimbriae are immunogenic in...
May 2009
Multidrug resistance in Pseudomonas aeruginosa: Insights into the molecular mechanisms
Pseudomonas aeruginosa is commonly found in chronic lung infections such as cystic fibrosis and others. Intrinsic antibiotic resistance of P. aeruginosaaccompanied by its ability to acquire resistance via mutations and adapt to the heterogeneous and dynamic environment of chronically infected lungs are major threats and reasons for the ultimate failure of the current antibiotic therapies in eradicating the...
May 2009
Toxigenic Vibrio cholerae strains and their associated malaises
Toxigenic strains of Vibrio cholerae belonging to the O1 and O139 serogroups cause cholera, a severe diarrhoeal disease that occurs frequently as epidemics in many developing countries. Although V. cholerae is known to be a human pathogen, the bacteria constitute part of the normal aquatic flora in the ecosystem, which includes both epidemic and non epidemic strains that vary in their virulence gene...
May 2009
Differentiation of parasitic and saprophytic leptospirae by oxidase test – A hasty modus operandi
The use of the cytochrome oxidase test reagent, as a differential agent to study the pathogenic and saprophytic leptospires was studied. Growth of the leptospiral strains of the saprophytic group was almost involved in the conversion of colorless tetramethyl p-phenelene diamine dihydrochloride solution to dark brown color whereas pathogenic leptospirae strains showed reddish brown color. Saprophytic strains required...
May 2009
Prevalence and anti-microbial susceptibility of Salmonella isolates from chicken carcasses and giblets in Meknès, Morocco
A study was made of Salmonella contamination in chicken carcasses and giblets sampled from retail outlets in Meknès, Morocco. The serotypes as well as antibiotic-resistance patterns of the Salmonella isolates were determined. A total of 576 samples (144 from popular market, 144 from artisanal slaughterhouses, 144 from poulterers’ shops and 144 from a supermarket) were tested. Among them,...
May 2009
Characterization of lactic acid bacteria producing bacteriocins against chicken Salmonella enterica and Escherichia coli
30 strains of lactic acid bacteria (LAB) isolated from 5 samples, raw and fermented cow milk, cow meat, soil and fermented-dried cassava, were screened for their antimicrobial activity against poultry pathogens Salmonella entericaCIP8132 and Escherichia coli CIP548. All the lactobacillus strains were active against the target pathogens with the strains LF2, SM3, SM4, V3 and V5 exhibiting activity higher...
May 2009
Experimental study on antimicrobial activity of cotton fabric treated with aloe gel extract from Aloe vera plant for controlling the Staphylococcus aureus (bacterium)
Biotechnology is a frontier area in science and technology having significant commercial applications in healthcare, agriculture, process industry and service sectors the world over. Ethiopia is in an advantageous position to harness the potential of biotechnology due to its unique strengths such as availability of technical expertise, skilled manpower, rich bio-resources and progressive government policies. The country...
May 2009
Isolation and partial characterization of bacteriocin produced from Lactobacillus plantarum
Bacteriocin producing Lactobacillus plantarum strain isolated from marine shrimp (Penaeus monodon) gut, showed broad range of antibacterial activity against some major food born pathogens. Maximum bacteriocin production was observed at 50°C, pH 4 and 0.9% sodium chloride solution . The bacteriocin has purified by ammonium sulphate precipitate and ion...
May 2009
Effects of methyl jasmonate in regulating cadmium induced oxidative stress in soybean plant (Glycine max L.)
The jasmonates are a group of plant–growth regulators that cause a wide variety of plant responses. Cadmium (Cd) is a toxic heavy metal, which causes toxicity in living organisms, and is considered as an environmental contaminant. In present investigation, the interactive effects of methyl jasmonate (0, 0.01 or 0.1 mM) and cadmium chloride (0 or 500 µM) on malondialdehyde (MDA), hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) and...
May 2009
Microbial assessment of some commercially prepared yoghurt retailed in Minna, Niger State
Five samples each of twenty brands of commercially produced yoghurt were purchased randomly from different provision stores within Minna. The results showed that the total bacterial count ranged from 1.0 x 107 to 9.4 x107 cfu/ml. The organisms isolated included species of Staphylococcus, Lactobacillus, Enterobacter and Bacillus, for bacteria, and species of Aspergillus, Fusarium, Candida,...
May 2009
Screening for bacteria agents responsible for otitis media and their antibiogram
30 samples (male and female) of ear swab were collected from patients at general hospital Minna for examination of bacteria that causes otitis media. 26 samples were positive for these organisms. The organisms isolated include Pseudomonassp., Kleblesella sp., Proteus sp., Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus.Pseudomonas sp., (54%) had the highest incidence of...
May 2009
Isolation of Aureobasidium pullulans from bathroom surfaces and their antifungal activity against some Aspergilli
Ten Aureobasidium isolates were collected from bathroom surfaces in Thailand. They were identified as Aureobasidium pullulans. Cell extracts from all isolates were tested for antifungal activities against four selected Aspergillus species using a paper disc diffusion and conidial germination inhibition assay. BM1, KT1, HKW1 and HKW2 extracts inhibited Aspergillus terreus,...
May 2009
Production dynamics of Bacillus subtilis strain AG-1 and EAG-2, producing moderately alkaline proteases
Bacillus strains isolated from different habitats were screened and identified for high protease activity. Two of the bacillus strains genetically identified as Bacillus subtilis AG-1 and Bacillus subtilis EAG-2 exhibited tremendous potential for protease production. The strains were optimized with respect to production media and its components. Culture conditions were critically...
May 2009
Composition of four essential oils obtained from plants from Cameroon, and their bactericidal and bacteriostatic activity against Listeria monocytogenes, Salmonella enteritidis and Staphylococcus aureus
The composition of four essential oils (EOs) extracted by hydrodistillation from plants of common use in Cameroon (Curcuma longa, Xylopia aethiopica, Zanthoxylum leprieurii L., Zanthoxylum xanthoxyloides) was assessed by gas chromatography-mass. Their bactericidal and bacteriostatic activity was...
May 2009
Anti-adhesive and anti-invasive activities of an oil based di-herbal extract against methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus
Staphylococcus aureus is a major human pathogen capable of causing a wide range of infections. Treatment of S. aureus infections is becoming more challenging with the continuous emergence of new strains of methicillin resistantS. aureus (MRSA) from hospital and community. The aim of the...
May 2009
Enterohaemorrhagic Escherichia coli 0157:H7 Prevalence in meat and vegetables sold in Benin City, Nigeria
Food samples made up of three meat types of 72 samples each of fresh meat from abattoir and open traditional market and “ready to eat” grilled meat (suya) and three vegetable types consisting of 72 each of cabbage, lettuce and tomatoes all totaling 432 samples, were screened to determine the presence of Escherichia coli 0157:H7 in these food items sold in Benin City, Nigeria. Of the total food...
May 2009
Influence of growth medium on diagnostic characters of aspergillus and penicillium species
Three fungal strains; namely, Aspergillus terreus, Penicillium janthinellum andPenicillium duclauxii were cultured on different growth media including yeast extract, malt extract, yeast-malt extract, Czapek's Dox, Sabourod's, Harrlod's, and potato dextrose. The growth and secondary metabolites of the three fungal strains were greatly affected by the growth medium. The colour of the...
May 2009
Antihyperglycemic and antihyperlipidemic effects of Clitoria ternatea Linn. in alloxan-induced diabetic rats
This study aims to investigate the therapeutic effects of Clitoria ternatea Linn. leaves and flowers extract on alloxan-induced diabetic rats. The effect of aqueous extract of C. ternatea leaves and flowers on serum glucose, glycosylated hemoglobin, insulin, total cholesterol, triglycerides, HDL-cholesterol, protein, urea, creatinine were examined in control and extract treated diabetic rats....
May 2009
In vitro antimicrobial activity of the extracts from the leaves of Chrysocoma ciliata L.
Chrysocoma ciliata L. is a medicinal plant used in the management of pains, stomach and menstrual disorders in the eastern Cape province of south Africa. Studies were conducted to determine the antimicrobial activity of the extracts from this herb. All the extracts except water extract, inhibited Staphylococcus aereus,Staphylococcus epidermidus, Bacillus cereus and Streptococcus faecalis at...
May 2009
Contribution of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi to growth and nutrient uptake by jujube and tamarind seedlings in a phosphate (P)-deficient soil
A pot experiment was carried out in a nursery to determine the influence of an arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungus on plant growth and nutrient uptake in tamarind (Tamarindus indica) and jujube (Ziziphus mauritiana), both of which are multipurpose fruit trees in Sahelian agroforestry systems. Plants were inoculated or not with Glomus aggregatum and grown for four months in a sterilized phosphorus (P)-deficient...
May 2009
Effects of rockphosphate and arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi on growth and nutrition of Sesbania sesban and Gliricidia sepium
A greenhouse experiment was conducted to evaluate the effects of different indigenous arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi on the mobilization of phosphorus from Senegalese natural rock phosphate (NRP) for growth of Gliricidia sepium and Sesbania sesban seedlings. Levels of tested NRP were compatible with high AM fungal proliferation but modified pattern of root colonization according to plant cultivar and fungal species....
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