African Journal of
Pharmacy and Pharmacology

  • Abbreviation: Afr. J. Pharm. Pharmacol.
  • Language: English
  • ISSN: 1996-0816
  • DOI: 10.5897/AJPP
  • Start Year: 2007
  • Published Articles: 2293

Full Length Research Paper

Coal fly ash nanoparticles induced cytotoxicity and oxidative DNA damage and apoptosis in Chang liver cells

Bharathi Sambandam
  • Bharathi Sambandam
  • Centre for Nanoscience and Technology, Anna University, Chennai- 600 025, India.
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Villianur Ibrahim Hairul Islam
  • Villianur Ibrahim Hairul Islam
  • Pondicherry Centre for Biological Sciences, Pondicherry- 605 005, India.
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Pachaiappan Raman
  • Pachaiappan Raman
  • Department of Biotechnology, School of Bioengineering, SRM University, Kattankulathur-603 203, India.
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Manish Bhattacharjee
  • Manish Bhattacharjee
  • Department of Biotechnology, School of Bioengineering, SRM University, Kattankulathur-603 203, India.
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Abinaya Balasubramanian
  • Abinaya Balasubramanian
  • Department of Biotechnology, School of Bioengineering, SRM University, Kattankulathur-603 203, India.
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Devasena Thiyagarajan*
  • Devasena Thiyagarajan*
  • Centre for Nanoscience and Technology, Anna University, Chennai- 600 025, India.
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  •  Received: 03 April 2014
  •  Accepted: 20 August 2014
  •  Published: 29 August 2014

Abstract

Coal is the main source widely used for electric generation and industrial applications due to its low cost and abundance of this fuel. Exposure to coal fly ash particulate matter (CFA-PM) is a major health concern in developing countries. The in vitro cytotoxicity, oxidative DNA damage and apoptosis of coal fly ash nanoparticles (CFA-NPs) were determined by lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) enzyme, reactive oxygen species (ROS), 4’-6-diamidino-2-phenylindole (DAPI) and expression of apoptosis associated proteins in cultured Chang liver cell lines. The release of LDH was increased based on dose-dependent and time dependent manner in CFA-NPS treated cells. CFA-NPs induced reactive oxygen species (ROS) with increase in dose concentration. The CFA-NPs treated cells showed severe DNA damage and inhibits the cell viability and leads to apoptosis. The apoptotic proteins showed significant changes, with increase in the level of BAX and decrease in the level of B-cell lymphoma 2 (Bcl-2).The studies showed significant amount of toxicity in CFA-NPs treated Chang liver cell lines.

 

Key words: Coal fly ash nanoparticles, lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), reactive oxygen species, 4’-6-diamidino-2-phenylindole (DAPI), BAX, Bcl-2