Abstract

The prevalence of metabolic syndrome (MetS) is increasing worldwide. Since the 19th century, technological advances and favorable economic conditions in countries like America and Europe have simplified daily life, possibly leading to reduced physical activity and increased calorie consumption. Excessive consumption of fructose, found in table sugar, sugary drinks, and high-fructose corn syrup, is strongly associated with obesity and MetS. Studies indicate that high fructose intake can result in abdominal fat accumulation, insulin resistance, cardiovascular diseases, type 2 diabetes, fatty liver disease, and lipid imbalances. This article reviews the negative health effects of fructose consumption, demonstrating how it contributes to insulin resistance, type 2 diabetes, cardiovascular diseases, and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. Dietary and lifestyle interventions are recommended as effective methods for managing MetS. Reducing fructose intake can have beneficial effects on metabolic health, improving individual health status and reducing long-term health risks. Overall, research indicates that high fructose consumption has numerous negative health effects. It can lead to fatty liver, insulin resistance, and MetS. High fructose intake reduces liver adenosine triphosphate (ATP) levels, increases intrahepatic lipid concentrations, and elevates plasma triglycerides, raising heart disease risk. Additionally, it reduces insulin sensitivity, increasing the risk of type 2 diabetes and worsening non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). To improve overall health, it's essential to balance and reduce fructose intake.

Key words: Metabolic syndrome, fructose, dietary, metabolism.