A wetland is an area where the soil is covered with water either permanently or at least near the surface of the soil during certain seasons of the year, particularly the growing wet season. It is a critical component of Nigeria's watershed system, encompassing fresh and coastal waters. Wetlands are renowned for their biodiversity as they serve as home to many plant and animal species. They also play a crucial role as rest stops and breeding grounds for migratory birds such as shorebirds, ducks, and geese, which depend on wetland ecosystems for food and shelter while travelling. Several anthropogenic activities like dredging, the introduction of invasive weeds, climate change and shoreline erosion, oil pollution and construction of irrigation facilities and dams currently endanger Nigeria's wetlands' aesthetic, commercial status, and viability. Over the years, inadequate monitoring and other sustainability measures have exposed wetlands to consequences and difficulties, including pollution and overabundance of agricultural activity. Consequently, the government is urged to invest in the sustainability and enhancement of the hydrological features, resources, and the surrounding environment to maximize the many benefits of wetlands.

Keywords: Biodiversity, freshwater, habitat, oil pollution, swamp.