Full Length Research Paper
References
Banks M (2005). Spaces of (in) Security: Media and Fear of Crime in a Local Context. Crime, Media, Culture. 1(2):169-187. |
|
|
|
Cates JA, Dian DA, Schnepf GW (2003).Use of protection motivation theory to assess fear of crime in rural areas.Psychol. Crime Law. 9:225-236. |
|
|
|
Covello VT, Slovic P, von Winterfeldt D (1988). Disaster and crisiscommunications: Findings and implications for research and policy. In H.Jungermann, R.E. Kasperson, & P.M. Wiedemann (Eds.) Risk Communication. |
|
|
|
Eschholz S, Chiricos T, Gertz M (2003). Television and fear of crime: Program types, audience traits, and the mediating effect of perceived neighbourhood racial composition. Social Problems. 50(3):395-415. |
|
|
|
Ferraro KF (1995). Fear of crime: Interpreting victimization risk. New York: State University of New York Press. |
|
|
|
Ferraro KF LaGrange R (1987).The Measurement of Fear of Crime.Sociological Inquiry. 57:70-101. |
|
|
|
Forrest, KYZ Zychowski AK Stuhldreher WL Ryan WJ (2000). Weapon-carrying inschool: Prevalence and association with other violent behaviours. Am. J. Health Stud. 16:133-140. |
|
|
|
Gladstone G, Parker G (2003). 'What's the Use of Worrying? Its Function and its Dysfunction'. Australian and New Zealand Journal of Psychiatry 37: 347–54. |
|
|
|
Grisso T, Barnum R (2000). Massachusetts Youth Screening Instrument-Version 2: User's Manual and Technical Report. Worcester, MA: University of Massachusetts Medical School.Juelich, FRG: KernforschungsanlageJuelich, pp. 131-154. |
|
|
|
Gibson CL, Zhao J, Lovrich NP, Gaffney MJ (2002).Social Integration, Individual Perceptions of Collective Efficacy and Fear of Crime in Three Cities. Justice Q. 19:537-564. |
|
|
|
Hale C (1996) Fear of crime: A literature review, Int. Rev. victimology, 4:79–150. |
|
|
|
Harang M (2003).The Improvement of the Quality of Life in Residential Areas: The Policy Tree. |
|
|
|
Holaway R Rodebaugh T Heimberg R (2006). 'The Epidemiology of Worry and Generalized Anxiety Disorder', In Davey G, Wells A, (eds.). Worry and its Psychological Disorders: Theory, Assessment and Treatment. London: John Wiley and Sons IGN (2013). The Entire Sony Press Conference – E3 2013. [Youtube video] Available at: view [Accessed on: 13/06/2013]. |
|
|
|
Jackson J, Gray E (2010).'Functional fear and public insecurities about crime'. British Journal of Criminology 50(1): 1-22John J Sloan, III - Mark M. Lanier - Deborah L Beer - Journal of Security Administration - Vol. 23 - Issue 1 - 2000 - pp. 1-20.Minnery, J. R., & Lim, B. (2005). Measuring Crime Prevention Through Environmental Design. J. Architectural Planinng Res. 22(4):330-341. |
|
|
|
Moore SC, Shepherd JP (2007).Elements and Prevalence of Fear. Bri. J. Criminol. 47:154–162. |
|
|
|
Nasar, Fisher B (1993). 'Hot Spots' of Fear and Crime: A Multi-Method Investigation. J. Environ. Psychol. 13:187-206. |
|
|
|
O'Shea TC. (2006). "Physical Deterioration, Disorder, and Crime."Criminal Justice Policy Rev. 17(2):173-187. |
|
|
|
Pain R (2000). Place, Social Relations and The Fear of Crime: A Review. Progress in Human Geography, 24(3):365-387. |
|
|
|
Reid ST (2000). Crime and Criminology (Ninth ed.). U.S: McGraw-Hill Higher Education. |
|
|
|
Reid LW, Konrad M (2004). The gender gap in fear: Assessing the interactive effects of gender and perceived risk on fear of crime. Sociological Spectrum. 24:399-425. |
|
|
|
Ross CE, Jang SJ (2000). Neighborhood Disorder, Fear, and Mistrust: The Buffering Role of Social Ties with Neighbors. Am. J. Community Psychol. 28(4):401-420. |
|
|
|
Schneider RH Kitchen T (2007).Crime Prevention and the Built Environment. New York: Routledge, New York. |
|
|
|
Smith, LN Hill GD (1991).Victimization and fear of crime.Criminal Justice Behav. 18(4):217-239. |
|
|
|
Stiles, WB Leach C Barkham M Lucock M Iveson S Shapiro DA., et al. (2003). Earlysudden gains in psychotherapy under routine clinic conditions: Practice-based evidence.Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 71:14–21. |
|
|
|
Spinks C (2001). A New Apartheid?Urban Spatiality, (Fear of) Crime, and Segregation in Cape Town, South Africa.London: Development DESTIN Studies Institute. |
|
|
|
University of Ibadan Press released bulletin. (NO 3013 special release of December 3rd, 2012). |
|
|
|
Warner BD (2007). Directly intervene or call the authorities? A study of forms of neighborhood social control within a social disorganization framework.Criminology, 45, 99-129. |
|
|
|
Warr M, Mark S (1983). "Fear of Victimization: a Look at the Proximate Causes,"Social Forces, 61(4)1033-43. |
|
|
|
Warr M. (1990). "Dangerous Situations: Social Context and Fear of Victimization," Social Forces, 68(3):891-907. |
|
|
|
Wyant, B. R. (2008). Multilevel impacts of perceived incivilities and perceptions of crime risk on fear of crime. J. Res. Crime Delinquency. 45(1):39-64. |
Copyright © 2025 Author(s) retain the copyright of this article.
This article is published under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License 4.0