This study examined how second-level land certification (SLLC) affects farmers' sense of security over their land in East Dembia, Ethiopia. SLLC is a policy intended to improve landholder livelihoods. Researchers compared kebeles with SLLC to similar kebeleswithout it. They used a mix of surveys and discussions with farmers to gather data. The analysis suggests SLLC has a positive impact on farmers' perceived tenure security over their land the average treatment effect on the treated ATET-should be in full first time? of 0.3716. Based on this, the study recommends three things: 1). Secure land user right is important, but not enough, for farmers to invest in their land. 2). Policies should encourage investment by small landholders. 3). Land policies need to consider different situations and types of land rights, not just basic security. This will help create more effective policies.

Keywords: Second Level land certification, Cadastre, Land tenure, and Agricultural Investment