Journal of
Ecology and The Natural Environment

  • Abbreviation: J. Ecol. Nat. Environ.
  • Language: English
  • ISSN: 2006-9847
  • DOI: 10.5897/JENE
  • Start Year: 2009
  • Published Articles: 412

Full Length Research Paper

Primary conifer succession on a 1915 mudflow in Lassen Volcanic National Park, California

Glenn Clinton Kroh
  • Glenn Clinton Kroh
  • Department of Biology, Winton Scott, Room 401, Texas Christian University, Fort Worth, TX 76129, United States of America.
  • Google Scholar
Rebecca Laura Upjohn
  • Rebecca Laura Upjohn
  • Department of Ecosystem Science and Management, University of Wyoming, Laramie, Wyoming, WY 82070, United States of America.
  • Google Scholar
John Edgar Pinder*
  • John Edgar Pinder*
  • Department of Environmental and Radiological Health Sciences, Colorado State University, 305 W. Magnolia PMB 231; Fort Collins, CO 80521, United States of America.
  • Google Scholar


  •  Received: 29 October 2014
  •  Accepted: 05 December 2014
  •  Published: 30 December 2014

References

Acker SS, McKee WA, Harmon ME, Franklin J (1987) Long-term research on forest dynamics in the Pacific Northwest: a network of permanent forest plots, pp. 93-106. In F. Dallmeier & J. A. Comiskey (eds), Forest biodiversity in North, Central and South America and the Caribbean. The Parthenon Publishing Group Inc. Pearl River, NY. p. 792.
 
Alejandre-Melena N, Lindig-Cisneros R, Saenz-Romero C (2007). Response of Pinus pseuodstrobus (Lindl.) to fertile growing medium and tephra-layer depth under greenhouse conditions. New Forests34:25-30.
Crossref
 
Bailey WH (1961). A repopulation study of the Devastated Area Lassen Volcanic National Park. An unpublished Special Problem Study for Stanford University. Lassen Volcanic National Park Archives, Mineral California. p. 50.
 
Bailey WH (1963). Revegetation in the 1914–15 Devastated Area of Lassen Volcanic National Park. Ph.D. Thesis. Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon. p. 150.
 
Bakker JP, Olff H, Willems JH, Zobel M (1996). Why do we need permanent plots inthe study of long-term vegetation dynamics? J. Veg. Sci. 7:147-156.
Crossref
 
Barbour MG (1988). California upland forests and woodlands, p. 131-164. In: Barbour MG and Billings WD (eds.). North American terrestrial vegetation. Cambridge University Press. Cambridge, United Kingdom. p. 724.
 
Brunnel FL, Vales DJ (1990). Comparisons of methods for estimating forest overstory cover: Differences among techniques. Can. J. Forest Res. 20:101-107.
Crossref
 
Callaway RM (1998). Competition and facilitation on elevational gradients in subalpine forests of the northern Rocky Mountains, USA. Oikos 82:561-573.
Crossref
 
Callaway RM, Walker LR (1997). Competition and facilitation: A synthetic approach to interactions in plant communities. Ecology 78:1958-1965.
Crossref
 
Chen HYH, Klinka K, Kayahara GJ (1996). Effects of light on growth, crown architecture and specific leaf area for naturally established Pinus contorta var. latifolia and Pseudotsuga menziessi var. glauca saplings. Can. J. For. Res. 26:1149-1157.
Crossref
 
Chytry M, Tichy T, Hennekens S M, Schaminee JHJ (2014). Assessing vegetation change using vegetation-plot databases: a risky business. Appl. Veg. Sci. 17:32-41.
Crossref
 
Clarkson DB (1997). Vegetation succession (1967-1989) on five recent montane lava flows, Mauna Loa, Hawaii. N. Z. J. Ecol. 22:1-9.
 
Connell JH, Noble IR, Slayter RO (1987). On the mechanisms producing successional change. Oikos 50: 136-137.
Crossref
 
Conover WJ (1971). Practical nonparametric statistics. John Wiley and Sons, New York. p. 462.
 
Cook JG, Stutzman TW, Bowes CW, Brenner KA, Irwin LL (1995). Spherical densitometers produce bias estimates of forest canopy cover. Wildlife S. B. 23:711-717.
 
Csecserits A, Szabo R, Halassy M. Redei T (2007). Testing the validity of successional predictions on an old-field chronosequence in Hungary. Community Ecol. 8:195-207.
Crossref
 
Dale VH, Adams WM (2003). Plant establishment 15 years after the debris avalanche at Mount St. Helens, Washington. Sci. Total Environ. 313:101-113.
Crossref
 
Dale VH, Cambell DR, Adams WM, Crisafuli CM, Dains VI., Frenzen PM, Holland RF(2005a). Plant succession on the Mount St. Helens debris-avalanche deposit, p. 59-73. In: Dale VH, Swanson FJ, Crisafulli, CM (eds.) Ecological responses to the 1980 eruption of Mount St. Helens. Springer Science + Business Media, Inc. New York. p. 342.
Crossref
 
Dale VH, Swanson FJ, Crisafulli CM (eds.) (2005b). Ecological responses to the 1980 eruption of Mount St. Helens. Springer Science + Business Media, Inc. New York. p. 342.
 
Davis RR, Foote FS, Anderson JM, Mikhail EM (1981). Surveying theory and practice. Sixth Edition. McGraw Hill Book Co. New York. p. 992.
 
Dean TJ, Long JN (1992). Influence of leaf area and canopy structure on size-density relationships in even-ages lodgepole pine stands. Forest Ecol. Manag. 49:109-117.
Crossref
 
del Moral R (2007). Limits to convergence of vegetation during early primary succession. J. Veg. Sci. 18:479-488.
Crossref
 
del Moral R, Grishin SY (1999). Volcanic disturbances and ecosystem recovery, p. 137-160. In: L. R. Walker (ed.). Ecosystems of disturbed ground. Elsevier, Amsterdam. p. 868.
 
del Moral R, Magnusson B (2014). Surtsey and Mount St. Helens: a comparison of early successional rates. Biogeosciences 11:2099-2111.
Crossref
 
del Moral R, Rozzell LR (2005). Long-term effects of Lupinus lepidus on vegetation dynamics at Mount St. Helens. Plant Ecol. 181:203-215.
Crossref
 
del Moral R, Thomason LA, Wenke AC, Lozanoff N, Abata MD (2012). Primary succession trajectories on pumice at Mt. St. Helens, Washington. J. Veg. Sci. 23:73-85.
Crossref
 
del Moral R., Saura JM, Emenegger JN (2010). Primary succession trajectories on a barren plain, Mount. St.Helens, Washington. J. Veg. Sci. 21:857-867.
Crossref
 
Deligne NI, Cashman KV, Roering JJ (2013). After the lava flow: The importance of external soil sources for plant colonization of recent lava flows in the central Oregon Cascades, USA. Geomorphology 202:15-32.
Crossref
 
Der G EB (2001). Handbook of statistical analyses using SAS. CRC Press, Bocca Raton, USA. p. 376.
Crossref
 
Dewar RD (1993). A mechanistic analysis of self-thinning in terms of the carbon balance of trees. Ann. Bot. London 71:147-159.
Crossref
 
Dodd M (2011). Where are my quadrats? Positional accuracy in fieldwork. Methods Ecol. Evol. 2:576-584.
Crossref
 
Drake DR (1993). Germination requirements of Metrosideros polymorpha, the dominant tree of Hawaiian lava flows and rain forests. Biotropica 25:461-467.
Crossref
 
Drake DR, Mueller-Dombois D (1993). Population development of rain forest trees on a chrono sequence of Hawaiian lava flows. Ecology 74:1012-1019.
Crossref
 
El-Rabbany A (2002). Introduction to GPS: the global positioning system. Arctech House, Norwood. p. 196.
 
Eppler DB (1984). Characteristics of volcanic blasts, mudflows and rockfall avalanches in Lassen Volcanic National Park, California. M. S. Thesis. Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona. p. 261.
 
Eppler DB (1987). The May 1915 eruptions of Lassen Peak II: May 22 volcanic blast effects, sedimentology and stratigraphy of deposits, and characteristics of the blast cloud. J. Volcanology Geothermal Res. 31:65-85.
Crossref
 
Fangliang HE, Duncan RP (2000). Density-dependent effects on tree survival in an old-growth Douglas fir forest. J. Ecol. 88:676-688.
Crossref
 
Fastie CL (1995). Causes and ecosystem consequences of multiple pathways of primary succession at Glacier bay, Alaska. Ecology 76: 1899-1916.
Crossref
 
Fessenden JE (1984). Forest biomass and production estimates for the devastated area, Lassen Volcanic National Park, California. M. S. Thesis. Humbolt StateUniversity, Arcata, California. p. 49.
 
Frenzen PM, Franklin JP (1985). Establishment of conifers from seed on tephra depositied by the 1980 eruptions of Mt. Saint Helens, Washington. Am. Midl. Nat. 114:84-97. In: Dale VH, Swanson FJ, Crisafulli, CM (eds.) Ecological responses to the 1980 eruption of Mount St. Helens. Springer Science + Business Media, Inc. New York. p. 342.
 
Frenzen, PM, Hadley KS, Major JJ, Weber MH, Franklin JF, Hardison JH III, Stanton SM (2005). Geomorphic change and vegetation development on the Muddy River mudflow deposit, p. 75-91. In: Dale VH, Swanson FJ, Crisafulli, CM (eds.) Ecological responses to the 1980 eruption of Mount St. Helens. Springer Science + Business Media, Inc. New York. p. 342.
Crossref
 
Griffin JR (1967). Soil moisture and vegetation patterns in northern California forests.Pacific Southwest Forest and Range Experiment Station, Berekey, California. U. S. Forest Service Research paper PSW-46. p. 22.
 
Halpern CB, Frenzen PM, Means JE, Franklin JF (1990). Plant succession in areas of scorched and blown-down forest after the 1980 eruption of Mount St. Helens, Washington. J. Veg. Sci. 1: 181-194.
Crossref
 
Harcombe PA, Bill CJ, Fulton M, Glitzenstein JS, Marks PL, Elisk IS (2002). Stand dynamics over 18 years in a southern mixed-hardwood forest, Texas, USA. J. Ecol. 90:947-957.
Crossref
 
Harris SL (1988). Fire mountains of the west: The Cascade and Mono Lake volcanoes. Mountain Press Publishing, Missoula, Montana. p. 379.
 
Heath JP (1967b). Primary conifer succession, Lassen Volcanic National Park. Ecology 48:270-275.
Crossref
 
Heath JP (1971). Changes in thirty-one years in a Sierra Nevada ecotone. Ecology 52:1090-1092.
Crossref
 
Heath JP (1967a). Field data to accompany conifer succession, Lassen Volcanic National Park. San Jose State University Special Collections& Archives. Dr. Martin Luther King Library, San Jose State University, San Jose, California, p. 107.
 
Herben T (1996). Permanent plots as tools for community ecology. J. Veg. Sci. 7:195-202.
Crossref
 
Hickman JC (ed.) (1993). The Jepson manual: Higher plants of California. University of California Press, Berkeley, California. p. 1400.
 
Holmgren M, Scheffer M, Huston MA (1997). The interplay of facilitation and competition in plant communities. Ecology 78:1966-1975.
Crossref
 
Johnson EA, Miyanishi K, Kleb H (1994). The hazards of interpretation of static age structure as shown by stand reconstructions in a Pinus contorta-Picea englemanni. J. Ecol. 82:923-931.
Crossref
 
Kangur A, Korjus H, Jogiste K, Kiviste A (2005). A conceptual model of forest stand developmemt based on permanent sample-plot data in Estonia. Scand. J. Forest Res. 20 (Suppl 6):94-101.
Crossref
 
Kiver EP (1982). The Cascade volcanoes: Comparison of geological and historical records, p. 3-12. In: Keller SAC (ed.). Mount St. Helens: one year later. Eastern Washington University Press, Cheney, Washington. p. 243 .
 
Kroh GC, White JD, Heath SK, Pinder JE III (2000). Colonization of a volcanic mudflow by an upper montane coniferous forest at Lassen Volcanic National Park, California. Am Midl. Nat. 143:126-140.
Crossref
 
Larsen DR, Bliss LC (1998). An analysis of structure of tree seedling populations on a lahar. Landsc. Ecol. 13:307-323.
Crossref
 
Lemmon PE (1956). A spherical densitometer for estimating forest overstory density. For. Sci. 2:314-320.
 
Long, JN, Smith FW (1992). Volume increment in Pinus contorta var. latifolia: the influence of stand development and crown dynamics. For. Ecol. Manage. 53:53-64.
Crossref
 
MacDonald GA, Katsura T (1965). Eruptions of Lassen Peak, Cascade Range, California, in 1915: Example of mixed magmas. Geol. Soc. Am. Bull. 76:475-482.
Crossref
 
McCune B, Allen TFH (1985). Will similar forests develop on similar sites. Can. J. Bot. 63:367-376.
Crossref
 
Milliken GA, Johnson DE (1984). Analysis of messy data. Volume I. Designed experiments. Van Nostran Reinhold Company, New York. p. 473.
 
Minore D (1979). Comparative autecological characteristics of northwestern tree species – a literature review. U. S. Dept. Agr. For. Serv. Gen. Tech. Rep. PNW-87. p. 72.
 
Morris WF, Wood DM (1989). The role of lupine in succession on Mount St. Helens, facilitation or inhibition. Ecology 70:679-703.
Crossref
 
Munoz-Jimenez J, Rangel-Rios K, Garcia-Romero A (2005). Plant colonization of recent lahar deposition on Popocatepetl Volcano, Mexico. Phys. Geogr. 26:192-215.
Crossref
 
Nuttle T (1997). Densiometer bias? Are we measuring the forest or the trees. Wildl. Soc. B. 25: 610-611.
 
Parker AJ (1991). Forest/environmental relationships in Lassen Volcanic National Park, California, U.S.A. J. Biogeogr. 18:543-552.
Crossref
 
Parker AJ (1993). Structural variation and dynamics of lodgepole pine forests in Lassen Volcanic National Park, California. Ann. Assoc. Am. Geogr. 83:613-629.
Crossref
 
Peet RL, Christiansen NL (1980). Succession: a population process. Vegetatio 43:131-140.
Crossref
 
Reid DEB, Silinus U, Lieffers VT (2003). Stem sapwood permeability in relation to crown dominance and site quality in self-thinning fire-origin lodgepole pine stands. Tree Physiol. 23:833-840.
Crossref
 
Ross LC, Woodin SJ, Hester A, Thompson DBA, Birks HJB (2010). How important is plot relocation accuracy when interpreting revisitation studies of vegetation change. Plant Ecol. Divers. 3:1-8.
Crossref
 
Rudnicki M, Silnus U, Lieffers VJ, Josi G (2001). Measure of simultaneous tree sways and estimation of crown interactions among a group of tree. Trees 15:83-90.
Crossref
 
Rundel PW, Parsons DJ, Gordon DT (1990). Montane and subalpine vegetation of the Sierra Nevada and Cascade ranges, p. 559-599. In: Barbour MG and Major J (ed.) Terrestrial vegetation of California. California Native Plant Society. p. 1002.
 
Spjotvoll E, Stoline MR (1973). An extension of the T-method of multiple comparisons to include the cases with unequal sample sizes. J. Am. Stat. Assoc. 68:975-978.
Crossref
 
Stillman AG, Turnage WA (eds.) (1962). Ansel Adams, our national parks. Little Brown and Co., Boston. p.127.
 
Swartzlow CR (1946). The Devastated Area: A preliminary study in natural reforestation. An unpublished National Park Service Report. Lassen Volcanic National Park Archives, Mineral California. p. 7.
 
Teste FP, Lieffers VJ (2011). Snow damage in lodgepole pine standings brought into thinning and fertilization regimes. For. Ecol. Manag. 261:2096-2104.
Crossref
 
Titus JH, Bishop JG (2014). Propagule limitation and competition with nitrogen fixers during primary succession. J. Veg. Sci. 24: 990-1003.
Crossref
 
Turner DP (1985). Successional relationships and a comparison of biological characteristics among six northwestern conifers. B. Torrey Bot. Club 112:421-428.
Crossref
 
Upjohn RL (2009). Primary conifer succession in the Devastated Area in Lassen Volcanic National Park, California. M.S. Thesis. Texas Christian University, Fort Worth, Texas. p. 29.
 
Valverde T, Silvertown J (1997). Canopy closure rate and forest structure. Ecology 78:1555-1562.
Crossref
 
Vanderschaaf CL (2010). Estimating individual stand size-density trajectories and a maximum size-density relationship species boundary line slope. For. Sci. 56: 327-335.
 
Walker LR, Chapin FS III (1987). Interactions among processes controlling successional change. Oikos 50:131-135.
Crossref
 
Walker LR, Clarkson BD, Silvester WB, Clarkson BR (2003). Colonization dynamics and facultative impacts of a nitrogen-fixing shrub in primary succession. J. Veg. Sci. 14:277-290.
Crossref
 
Walker LR, del Moral R (2003). Primary succession and ecosystem rehabilitation. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, United Kingdom. p. 442.
Crossref
 
Walker LR, Wardle DA, Bardgett RD, Clarkson BD (2010). The use of chronosequences in studies of ecological succession and soil development. J. Ecol. 98:725-736.
Crossref
 
Weber, MH, Hadley KS, Frenzen PM, Franklin JF (2006). Forest development following mudflow deposition, Mount St. Helens, Washington. Can. J. For. Res. 36: 437-449.
Crossref
 
Weiskittel A, Gould P, Temesgen H (2009). Sources of variation in the self-thinning boundary line for three species with varying levels of shade tolerance. For. Sci. 55: 84-93.
 
Woods KD (2000). Dynamics in late-successional hemlock-hardwood forests over three decades. Ecology 81:110-126.
Crossref
 
Wyckoff PH, Clark JS (2005). Tree growth prediction using size and exposed crown area. Can. J. For. Res. 35:13-20.
Crossref
 
Yoshida K, Kikuchis S, Nakamura F, Noda M (1997). Dendrochronological analysis of debris flow disturbance on Rishiri Island. Geomorphology 20:135-145.
Crossref
 
Zeide B (1995). A relationship between size of trees and their number. Forest Ecol. Manag. 72:265-272.
Crossref
 
Zeide B (2001). Natural thinning and environmental change: an ecological process model. Forest Ecol. Manag. 154:165-177.
Crossref