Journal of
Medical Laboratory and Diagnosis

  • Abbreviation: J. Med. Lab. Diagn.
  • Language: English
  • ISSN: 2141-2618
  • DOI: 10.5897/JMLD
  • Start Year: 2010
  • Published Articles: 61

Full Length Research Paper

Development of an algorithm of haematologic parameters as surrogate markers for CD4 cell count in resource-limited settings

Agwata Diana Kwamboka
  • Agwata Diana Kwamboka
  • Department of Medical Laboratory Science, Jomo Kenyatta University of Agriculture and Technology, Kenya.
  • Google Scholar
Ongus Juliette
  • Ongus Juliette
  • Department of Medical Laboratory Science, Jomo Kenyatta University of Agriculture and Technology, Kenya.
  • Google Scholar
Mbugua Amos
  • Mbugua Amos
  • Department of Medical Laboratory Science, Jomo Kenyatta University of Agriculture and Technology, Kenya.
  • Google Scholar
Peter Maturi
  • Peter Maturi
  • University of Nairobi, College of Health Sciences, School of Medicine, Kenya.
  • Google Scholar
Nyamari Jackim
  • Nyamari Jackim
  • Department of Public Health, Kenyatta University, Kenya.
  • Google Scholar
Uwamungu Schifra
  • Uwamungu Schifra
  • Department of Medical Laboratory Science, University of Rwanda, Rwanda.
  • Google Scholar


  •  Received: 16 December 2015
  •  Accepted: 08 March 2016
  •  Published: 30 April 2016

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Assefa Y, Alebachew A, Lera M, Lynen L, Wouters E, Wim VD (2014). Scaling up antiretroviral treatment and improving patient retention in care: Lessons from Ethiopia 2000-2013. BMC Health Serv. Res. 14:43-45.

 
 

Buseri F, Mark D, Jeremiah Z (2012).Evaluation of absolute lymphocyte count as a surrogate marker for CD4 cell count for the initiation of antiretroviral therapy in resource-limited settings. Int. J. Biomed. Lab. Sci. 1:44-49.

 
 

Charles IE, Shemaiah OO, Joshua OO, Emuchay CI, Okeniyi SO, Okeniyi JO (2014). Correlation Between Total Lymphocyte Count, Hemoglobin, Hematocrit and CD4 Count in HIV Patients in Nigeria. Pak. J. Biol. Sci. 17(4):570-573.
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Chen R, Westfall A, Hardin J, Miller HC, Stringer J, Raper J, Vermund S, Gotuzzo E, Allison J, Saqq M (2003). Complete blood count as a surrogate CD4 marker for HIV monitoring in resource-limited settings.J. Acq. Immun. Def. Syndr. 44:525-530.
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Denue BA, Abja AU, Kida IM, Gabdo AH, Bukar AA, Akawu CB (2013). Evaluating Total Lymphocyte Counts And Other Hematological Parameters As A Substitute For Cd4 Counts In The Management Of HIV Patients In Northeastern Nigeria. Retr. Res. Treat. 5:9-16.
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Githinji N, Obimbo E, Nderitu M, Wamalwa D, Ngacha D (2011). Utility of total lymphocyte count as a surrogate marker for CD4 counts in HIV-1 infected children in Kenya. BMC Infect. Dis. 11:259.
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Gitura B, Joshi M, Lule J, Anzala O (2007). Total Lymphocyte count as a surrogate marker for CD4+ T cell count in initiating antiretroviral therapy at Kenyatta National Hospital, Nairobi. East Afr. Med. J. 84:466-472.

 
 

Karanth SS, Rau NR, Gupta A, Kamth A, Shanbhoque V, Pruthvi BC (2014). Utility of total lymphocyte count as a surrogate for absolute CD4 count in the adult Indian HIV population: A prospective study. Avicenna J. Med. 4:1-4.
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Kenya demographic and health survey (2015). Central Bureau of statistics (KNBS) Nairobi. pp. 89-91.

 
 

Mwenda V, Njuguna J, Musa M (2015). Efficacy of total lymphocyte count as a surrogate for CD4 cell counts in HIV-infected adults in the era of higher treatment cutoffs and less funding: A cross-sectional study. East Cen. Afr. Med. J. 2:84-88.

 
 

Ndakotsu M, Salawu L, Durosinmi M (2009). Relation between erythrocyte sedimentation rate, clinical and immune status in HIV-infected patients. Nig. J. Med. 18:208-210.
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Obirikorang C, Yeboah FA (2009). Blood haemoglobin measurement as a predictive indicator for the progression of HIV/AIDS in resource-limited setting. J. Biomed. Sci. 16:102.
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Omoregie R, Osakue SI, Ihemeje V, Omokaro EU, Ogefere H0 (2009). Correlation of CD4 count with platelet count, Prothrombin time and activated partial thromboplastin time among HIV patients in Benin City, Nigeria. West Ind. Med. J. 58(5)437-440.

 
 

Owiredu W, Quaye L, Amidu N, Addai-Mensah O (2011). Prevalence of anaemia and immunological markers among Ghanaian HAART-naïve HIV-patients and those on HAART. Afr. Health Sci. 11:2-15.

 
 

Sen S, Akshat V, Sunil S, Shanmuganandan K, Gupta R, Kapila B, Praharaj A, Kumar S, Batra R (2011). Correlation of CD4+ T-cell Count with Total Lymphocyte Count, Haemoglobin and Erythrocyte Sedimentation Rate Levels in Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type-l Disease. Med. J. Arm. Forces Ind. 67:15-20.
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Spacek LA, Griswold M, Quinn TC, Moore RC (2003). Total lymphocyte count and hemoglobin combined in an algorithm to initiate the use of highly active antiretroviral therapy in resource-limited settings. J. Int. AIDS Soc. 17:1311-1317.
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Venkataramana K (2013). A study of biological markers in HIV disease progression and management in the highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) era. Am. J. Biosci. Bioeng. 1:24-37.
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Wisaksana R, Sumantri R, Indrati A, Zwitser A, Hadi J, Mast Q, Crevel R, Andre V (2011). Anemia And Iron Homeostasis In A Cohort Of HIV-Infected Patients In Indonesia: BMC Infect. Dis. 11:213.
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Wondimeneh Y, Ferede G, Yismaw G, Muluye D (2012). Total Lymphocyte Count as surrogate marker for CD4 Cell Count in HIV-Infected Individuals in Gondar University Hospital, Northwest Ethiopia. AIDS Res. Ther. 9(1):21.
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World Health Organization (WHO) (2013). Consolidated guidelines on the use of antiretroviral drugs for treating and preventing HIV infection: Recommendations for a public health approach. 2013 revision. Accessed April, 2015.