Distribution and ecological risk assessment of pesticide residues in surface water, sediment and fish from Ogbesse River, Edo State, Nigeria
February 2015
The contamination of pesticides in water, sediments, Clarias gariepinus, and Tilapia zilli from Ogbesse River was investigated to evaluate the pollution status and potential hazard in river system. A total of sixteen pesticides were analyzed using Gas Chromatography (GC) equipped with Electron Capture Detector (GC-ECD). The concentration of pesticide residues ranged from ND to 0.43 µg/l for water samples, 0.82 to...
Nondestructive analysis of dumpsite soil and vegetable for elemental composition
January 2015
In this study, dumpsite soils and vegetables were analyzed for total elemental composition using a 5SDH Tandem Pelletron accelerator available at Centre for Energy Research and Development, Obafemi Awolowo University Ile-Ife. The results at a 2.5 MeV energy revealed the presence of elements: Cu, Cr, Ni,Al, Si, P, S,Cl, K, Ca, Ti, Mn, Fe, Zn, Rb, Sr, Y, Zr and Pb in the dump site soil, with the exception of...
Heavy metal bioaccumulation and oxidative stress in Austroaeschna inermis (Dragon fly) of the Lagos Urban ecosystem
January 2015
Urban ecosystems are often characterized by the receipt of pollutants, especially heavy metals from diverse anthropogenic activities. To better understand the distribution of heavy metals (Cd, Cu, Pb, Mn and Zn), Austroaeschna inermis from five different sites (Unilag, Mile 12, Olushosun Dump site, Imoshe and Badagry) in Lagos, sediments from the respective sites were assessed. This was followed by assessment of lipid...
Pollutant mixtures as stressors of selected enzyme activities of the aquatic snail Helisoma duryi
July 2014
This study involves an investigation on the effects of a pesticide, metal and a detergent as individual and mixtures on esterase and antioxidant enzyme activity of the freshwater snail Helisoma duryi. Adult snails were exposed to sublethal concentrations of copper (5 µg/L), industrial detergent, oxyfoam (15 µg/L), carbaryl (25 µg/L) as well as mixtures of these pollutants for 96 hours. Carboxylesterase...
Determination of pharmaceutical compounds in surface and underground water by solid phase extraction-liquid chromatography
June 2014
A solid-phase extraction (SPE) followed by high performance liquid chromatography method was used for extraction and analysis of 4 pharmaceutical residues (Diclofenac, Chloroquine, Paracetamol and Ciprofloxacine HCl) in environmental water samples. This method was successfully applied to environmental water samples from Sango-Ota, a high industrial community in Ogun State, Nigeria, for the determination of the targeted...
Temporal variation of SO2 and NO2 concentrations around Parichha Thermal Power Plant, India
April 2014
The present study was based on monthly variation of ambient air pollution in the village located within a radius of 3 km from the Parichhna thermal power plant (Jhansi, India). Parichha thermal power plant consumes annually 3.4 million tons of coal and the annual production capacity of the plant is 2.78 billion KWh. The thermal power plant uses approximately 10,000 tons of coal and emits large amount of air pollutants...
Bioaccumulation of some trace element (Zn, Fe, Pb and Cu) in the gills and tissues of Clarias gariepinus and Oreochromis niloticus in River Ogbese, Ondo State, Nigeria
April 2014
River Ogbese support many human activities (domestic, agricultural, fishing, industrial activities) leading to its extensive contamination and accumulation of heavy metals which can cause both environmental and public health hazard. In order to ascertain the quality of the river, a study was carried out to determine some trace element concentration (Zn, Fe, Pb and Cu) in gills and tissues of Clarias gariepinus and...
Carbamate pesticide residues analysis of potato tuber samples using high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC)
March 2014
Monitoring of pesticides is conducted globally to assess the environmental load of their residues. However, carbamate pesticides are among the most common used pesticides in potato protection in Egypt. Here, nine potato tuber samples were randomly collected from Assiut, Elminia, Kalubia, Cairo, and Giza cities in Egypt to detect the contamination of some carbamate residues using quick, easy, cheap,...
Application of solid phase extraction (SPE) method in determining polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in river water samples
December 2013
Trace levels of PAH pollutants are difficult to detect in water samples due to their low solubility. During this study, SPE method was used to improve the detection of the PAH analytes. A Visipre SPE vacuum manifolds sample preparation method was used to clean-up the river water samples before analysis. Twelve samples were simultaneously extracted via the unit. This method is generally faster and significantly increases...
Aqua regia and ethylenediaminetetracetic acid (EDTA) trace metal levels in agricultural soil
December 2013
Soil samples were collected from irrigation farmlands along the bank of Mada River and analysed for aqua regia and ethylenediaminetetracetic acid (EDTA) extractable trace metal (Cd, Cr, Cu, Pb, Zn Ni, Fe and Mn) concentrations. Water samples at source were also collected for analysis. Metal levels were quantified using atomic absorption spectrometry (AAS). Aqua regia and EDTA extractable Fe and Cd concentrations were...
Determination of total petroleum hydrocarbon in soil and groundwater samples in some communities in Rivers State, Nigeria
December 2013
The determinations of total petroleum hydrocarbon in soil and groundwater samples were studied at five communities in Rivers State, Nigeria. The result of the analysis indicates that soil samples obtained from Station A at various depths of 1.0 -2.0 m, 3.0 - 4.0 m and 4.0 - 5.0 m were contaminated with Total petroleum hydrocarbon (TPH) of concentrations 1320.00, 1516.66 and 1063.16 mg/kg, respectively. The result also...
Evaluation of heavy metals in soils around auto mechanic workshop clusters in Gboko and Makurdi, Central Nigeria
December 2013
The concentration levels of selected heavy metals (Cd, Cu, Mn, Ni, Pb and Zn) in soils around two major auto mechanic workshop clusters in Benue State, Central Nigeria was investigated to ascertain the possible environmental impact of these clusters. Results of the atomic absorption spectrophotometric (AAS) analysis of samples of the soils revealed that for the majority of heavy metals, the concentrations in the soils...
Cleaning wastewater of wet scrubber in secondary lead smelters using cationic polyacrylamide
November 2013
This study shows the benefits of using high molecular weight cationic polyacrylamide (PAM) in the purification of wastewater discharged from a wet scrubber in secondary lead smelter for reuse. The effect of temperature, pH, filtration pressure, polymer dose and different types of filtration fabrics on filtration rate (¦x), efficiency (¦ε) and quality of the produced water for recycling have been...
Is roadside grass suitable for use as livestock forage in Botswana?
November 2013
The aim of this research was to assess the suitability of roadside grass for use as livestock feed to combat lack of forage resources in Botswana. Fifty grass samples were collected along the roadside in the A1 Highway corridor running between the Ramatlabama and Ramokgwebana border gates (629 Km), and analysed for Ni, Cu, Pb, Zn and Cd. The maximum content levels detected in grass samples for Ni, Cu, Pb, Zn and Cd were...
Impact of pesticide use on the health of farmers: A study in Barak valley, Assam (India)
November 2013
A study was carried out in the three districts of Barak valley (Cachar, Karimganj and Hailakandi) Assam, India to ascertain the variety of pesticides that are used in the agriculture sector and their probable impact on the health of farmers. The study revealed that the farmers often use pesticides ranging from high to extremely hazardous categories like Organochlorides, Organophosphates and Carbamates. Various signs and...
Seasonal variations in airborne heavy metals in Vanderbijlpark, South Africa
September 2013
In this study, monthly settleable dust samples were collected in four seasons using the modified crude single open bucket units at five sites within the Vanderbijlpark area. The samples were captured in distilled water medium, filtered, air-dried, weighed to determine mass concentrations, digested with aqua regia acid solution and analyzed for heavy metals by inductively coupled plasma (ICP) 6000...
Comparative study of the acute toxicity of petroleum sludge on fresh and brackish water shrimp
September 2013
The ecological impact of petroleum sludge on fresh water shrimp (Desmoscaris trispinosa) and brackish water shrimp (Palaemonetes africanus) in the Niger Delta area was compared using the Organization of Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) No. 218 protocol for sediment toxicity test. The shrimp were exposed to sediments treated with petroleum sludge at concentrations of 625, 1250,...
Organochlorine pesticide residue levels in river water and sediment from cocoa-producing areas of Ondo State central senatorial district, Nigeria
September 2013
The health risks posed by organochlorine compounds to the total environment have continued to elicit concern among researchers worldwide. Hence, this study focused on investigating the varieties and concentrations of organochlorine pesticide residues in river water and sediments from cocoa-producing areas in Ondo Central Senatorial District of Nigeria. The organochlorine pesticides extracted with a mixture of...
Study on universal cleaning solution in removing blended pesticide residues in Chinese cabbage
August 2013
Food safety problems caused by pesticide residues in vegetables have become one of the top issues of public interest. In order to find an effective method of removing pesticide residues in vegetables, Chinese cabbages were processed as simulated pesticide pollution using three types of pesticides, namely; organophosphorus pesticide, organochlorine pesticide and pyrethroid pesticides. The polluted Chinese...
Acute toxicity of Lepidagathis alopecuriodes (Vahl) to Heterobranchus bidorsalis fingerlings
August 2013
The acute toxicity of L. alopecuriodes to H. bidorsalis fingerlings of mean body weight, 1.99  0.38g and total length 6.32  0.93cm was assessed in a renewal bioassay for 96 h. Five graded concentrations of L. alopecuriodes were prepared as 0.5, 1.0, 1.5, 2.0 and 2.25mg/L and a control experiment (0.00 mg/L). There were no significant variations observed in the water...
Determination of heavy metal contents in some industrial effluents from Ondo State, Nigeria
August 2013
Industrial effluents were collected from JOF Ideal Farm, Owo, an industry producing soya beans vegetable oil; Stanmark Cocoa Processing Company, Ondo; King’s Cool, Ondo Plastic Industry Limited (OPIL), Akure; Benkaof Bottling Company, Akure and TISCO Company, Akure, producing disinfectants, dettols and methylated spirit. The effluents collected were kept in polyethylene bottles and labelled as E1,...
Development of method for residue analysis of three herbicides in the soil by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC)
August 2013
Contamination of soil and water resources by herbicides is an increasing environmental concern. Soil plays an important role in agro-ecosystem and the environment, but information for analysis of herbicides residue in the soil can be very difficult to come by. Laboratory experiment was conducted to simplify analytical methods of the residue of paraquat, glyphosate, and glufosinate-ammonium in soil through...
Influence of starch addition on properties of urea formaldehyde/starch copolymer blends for application as a binder in the coating industry
July 2013
Urea formaldehyde resin was reactively blended with various concentrations (10 to 70%) of cassava starch in order to develop a paint binder for emulsion paint formulation. Some physical properties and formaldehyde emission of the blended resin were investigated. Viscosity initially decreased before a gradual increase was noted with increase in starch concentration. Refractive index and elongation at break...
Determination of trace metals in sediment samples of the Santa Bárbara Channel / Pelotas / RS / Brazil
July 2013
This work deals with the determination of heavy metals (Pb, Cr, Zn and Cu) in the sediment of Santa Barbara Channel, located in Pelotas, RS. Absence of studies of the levels of heavy metals, in this channel, associated with high toxicity, bioconcentration and biomagnification capacity of these analytes makes this work necessary and explains the validity of this study. Two grams of fraction (< 63 μm) of...
Fate of some heavy metals in the composting of the urban solid waste produced in Lome,Togo
July 2013
The aim of the present work is to assess the balance of some heavy metals during the composting of urban waste in Lome. Heavy metals constitute problems in waste management because of their multiple sources and their potentially high toxicity. Wastes were sieved to eliminate the fine fraction and set in windrows for composting and after maturation the sieved-compost was chemically characterized. The fraction...
Soil burial biodegradation studies of starch grafted polyethylene and identification of Rhizobium meliloti therefrom
June 2013
Present study report on biodegradation of starch grafted polyethylene (PE), successfully synthesized by graft copolymerization method using benzoyl peroxide as the radical initiator. Biodegradable behavior of the grafted PE was ascertained by soil burial test. Percent weight loss was measured as a function of number of days and observed that it increased with increasing number of days. Microanalysis of the...
Removal of lead from aqueous solution by walnut shell
June 2013
The paper deals with the study of nuts of European walnut (Juglans regia) arising as waste from the agricultural production for the removal of heavy metals from aqueous solutions. The suitability of the given biosorbent was verified through the determination of its adsorption capacity (equilibrium) and rate (kinetics) of adsorption of the studied metal (lead). The shells of the European walnut were first...
Adsorption of iron and zinc on commercial activated carbon
June 2013
Comparison of jar tests and microscope slide experiments for flocculation of paint wastewater
June 2013
In jar tests, synthetic wastewater was dosed with FeCl3, Fe2(SO4)3, AlCl3 or Al2(SO4)3 and flocculated. In each case the concentration of the metal ions in the flocculant was 0.043 M. Samples of the mixture were placed under a light microscope that had been fitted with a camera, so that the flocs could be examined. A further experiment was conducted using the same ratio (1:10) of sample to coagulant...
Urinary arsenic and mercury levels in artisanal miners in some communities in the Obuasi Municipality of Ghana
May 2013
There are a large number of small-scale artisan gold miners who use mercury in the extraction of gold in Ghana. The extraction process releases arsenic and mercury into the environment with its associated risk to human health. Human exposure to arsenic and mercury was assessed in artisanal miners involved in illegal mining activities in five communities at Obuasi municipality, a historic mining area in Ghana....
Dissipation processes of 14C-carbofuran in soil from Northwest Morocco as influenced by soil water content, temperature and microbial activity
May 2013
In order to predict the fate of carbofuran in soil, this study was undertaken to evaluate the influence of soil temperature, soil moisture and soil microbial activity on mineralisation and dissipation rate of carbofuran on a typical sugar beet clayey soil of Loukkos area (Northwest Morocco). Results of incubation studies showed that soil temperature and soil water contents have great influence on...
Baseline, spatial and temporal variation of total suspended particulate (TSP) matter in Isoko land
May 2013
In this article, a link is being established between the low life expectancy in Nigeria and the ubiquitous suspended particulate matter as the most common form of air pollutants in Nigeria. Consequently, the baseline, spatial and temporal distributions of total suspended particulate (TSP) airborne particles in Isoko land with numerous oil wells and flow stations have been quantified. Airborne...
Assessment of direct soil pollution in automobile junk market
May 2013
Crude recycling of used engines and transmissions in no small measure is of great concern to environmental health and safety. In this study, topsoil across Obosi automobile junk market (alias Mgbuka Obosi) near Onitsha, Nigeria, is investigated for heavy metal and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) enrichment. Fifteen composite soil samples were randomly collected in addition to the background samples at...
Influence of pH on persistence and dissipation of clofentezine, a tetrazine acaricide in water
April 2013
Clofentezine is an environment friendly and integrated pest management (IPM) compatible pesticide. It is an acaricide that is used in plant protection products for the control of spider mites on a wide range of crops. It acts primarily as an ovicide, but has some activity against early motile stages of mites. In the present research, dissipation behavior of Clofentezine in acidic, neutral and alkaline water...
Kinetic investigations of oxidation of chlorophenols by permanganate
April 2013
The kinetics of oxidation of various chlorophenols such as 2-chlorophenol (2-CP), 3-chlorophenol (3-CP), 4-chlorophenol (4-CP), 2,4-dichlorophenol (2,4-DCP), 2,6-dichlorophenol (2,6-DCP) and 2,4,6-trichlorophenol (2,4,6-TCP) by potassium permanganate (0.8-3.2 mM) were studied in un-buffered solution with ionic strength ~0.02 M. Experimental results was indicated that the reaction of CPs with permanganate was...
Computational study of environmental fate of ionic liquids using conductor-like screening model for real solvents (COSMO-RS) method
April 2013
Conductor-like screening model for real solvents (COSMO-RS) method was used in screening 2106 potential ionic liquids as safer solvents to volatile n-dodecane used in plutonium and uranium extraction (PUREX). The octanol-water partition coefficient KOW, Bioconcentration factors (BCF) and Bioaccumulation of the ionic liquids were determined. From the results obtained, 111 of them have lower toxicity than the...
Improvement of carbon dioxide absorption technology using conductor-like screening model for real solvents (COSMO-RS) method
April 2013
Solvents with better properties than the ones presently in use for carbon dioxide (CO2) absorption processes would make absorption technology more attractive for large scale reduction of CO2 emissions. In this work, more than 2000 solvents comprising of four groups were considered for screening. The groups are: amine solvents (primary, secondary, tertiary, sterically hindered, multiple amines and...
Non-cancer human health risk assessment from exposure to Cadmium, Copper, Lead and Mercury in surface water and ground water in Konongo-Odumasi Municipality, Ghana
April 2013
A wide range of water quality parameters were measured from different water sources in the Konongo Odumasi Municipality. Physicochemical parameters were within the World Health Organization’s recommended limits for drinking water except turbidity. Values ranged from 66.4 to 360 mg/L; 111.1 to 603 µS/cm; 7.02 to 8.04; 4.4 to 40.2 mg/L; 1.25 to 7.07 mg/L and 4.5 to 370 NTU for total dissolve...
Fatty acids, metal composition and physico-chemical parameters of Igbemo Ekiti rice bran oil
March 2013
Rice bran was digested for metal analysis while the oil extracted from the bran was analysed for metal and fatty acid profile. Using cold and hot extraction methods, the oil contains high levels of unsaturated fatty acid (oleic acid: 52.10 and 34.8%), (linoleic acid: 22.1 and 27.1%) for the cold and hot extractions, respectively. Major saturated fatty acids present include palmitic acid (16.2, 14.9%) and...
The effect of water hardness on paint wastewater treatment by coagulation-flocculation
March 2013
A 169.2 g of paint was diluted in 1 L potable water. A 200 ml of the sample was poured into six 500 ml glass beakers and dosed with 0.043 M FeCl3, 0.043 M of Al2(SO4)3 or AlCl3, respectively employing varying dosing sequence and varying dosages before and after mixing in a jar test to determine turbidity removal efficiency. Samples were stirred at 250 rpm for 2 min and 100 rpm for 10 min, settled for 1 h...
Cadmium-induced changes in mitotic index and genotoxicity on Vigna unguiculata (Linn.) Walp
March 2013
The present study is aimed to investigate the effect of Cadmium (Cd) on mitotic index (MI) and DNA damage of Vigna unguiculata. The seedlings were exposed to 2, 4, 6, 8 and 10 mM concentrations of cadmium chloride (CdCl2) for 15 days. The drastic reduction in MI was observed due to Cd toxicity because the mitotic divisions had been with holding when the Cd stress increases. Cd-induced genotoxicity was...
Urbanisation impact of groundwater quality in Cuddalore District, East Coast of India
March 2013
The study area enjoyed artesian conditions few decades back but at present frequent failure of monsoon and over exploitation threatens the quantum of groundwater. Further, urbanization, extensive agricultural and industrial activities has deteriorated the quality of groundwater. The study was carried out to identify the sources responsible for the change in quality of groundwater as well as to evaluate the...
Isotherms and thermodynamic studies on adsorption of copper on powder of shed pods of Acacia nilotica
February 2013
This study describes adsorption effectiveness of Acacia nilotica pod powder in removing Cu2+ ions in order to consider its application in wastewater purification. The batch method has been employed, using metal concentrations in solution and the percentage adsorption was determined for the adsorption system as a function of adsorbate concentration. Effects of the temperature of the...
The use of spider webs for environmental determination of suspended trace metals in industrial and residential areas
February 2013
Spider webs were collected from industrial and residential areas in order to establish the level of suspended heavy metals in the atmosphere. The spider webs were treated with nitric acid and digested before analysis using atomic absorption spectrophotometer (AAS). The mean concentration value of some heavy metals were found to be significantly high at p < 0.05 in suspended particles in industrial areas...
The level of persistent, bioaccumulative, and toxic (PBT) organic micropollutants contamination of Lagos soils
February 2013
Lagos is a highly urbanized coastal city, with several water channels linking the Lagos lagoon, a major source of seafoods to the people of Lagos and its environs. Contamination of Lagos soil with persistent bioaccumulative and toxic organic micropullutants (PBTs) would not only affect the non-target species residing in the soil, but also a concern that the chemicals could find their way into the lagoon via...
The level of suspended particulate matter in wood industry (sawmills) in Benin City, Nigeria
January 2013
There are two sampling approaches for noting the presence of air pollutants, Source sampling and Atmospheric sampling. The source sampling obtains the pollutant count of a particulate source, whereas atmospheric sampling deals with the pollutants within the total air mass surrounding the earth. The purpose of source sampling is to determine the quantity and type of pollutants emitted from a specific source to...
The effect of mixing on the treatment of paint wastewater with Fe3+ and Al3+ salts
January 2013
A 169.2 g of paint was diluted in 1 L of potable water. A 200 ml of sample was poured into 500 ml glass beakers and dosed with 10, 20, and 30 ml of 0.043 M of all coagulants (Iron: Fe and Aluminum: Al salts), respectively in jar tests. Samples were mixed at 250 rpm for 30, 45, and 60 s, respectively. Additional set of experiments was conducted with combined rapid mixing at 250 rpm for 30, 45 and 60 s followed...
Assessment of the contamination of trace metal in Balu River water, Bangladesh
December 2012
The aim of this study is to assess and report trace metal contamination of water samples of Balu River, collected from four stations which was sampled every three months covering the upstream and downstream sites of major industrial area of Tajgaon of Dhaka city. The dissolve concentration Iron, Lead, Cadmium, Manganese, Cobalt, Nickel, Chromium, Zinc, Copper of water samples was determined by atomic...
Impairment of testis in rats after exposure to orthochlorobenzylidene malononitrile (CS): An experimental study
December 2012
The acute toxic effects of orthochlorobenzylidene malononitrile (CS) on the rat testis were analyzed in terms of body weight, serum testosterone and histopathology of testis. The animal experiments were designed by intra-peritoneal injections of CS at 25 and 50% of lethal dose at 50% (LD50) for 10 days. In three groups of 10 each Charles Foster rats, olive oil (0.5 ml), 10 and 20 mg/kg (in 0.5 ml olive...
Seasonal potential toxic metals contents of Yauri river bottom sediments: North western Nigeria
October 2012
A study was conducted to investigate the seasonal level of heavy metals in bottom sediments of Yauri River, Northwestern Nigeria. Thirty composite samples of bottom sediments were collected at six demarcated sites along the river during the 2010/2011 raining and dry seasons. The heavy metals concentrations were determined with atomic absorption spectrometer. The mean levels range of Cd, Cr, Cu, Fe, Ni, Pb and...
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