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Critiquing the limitations of the Amotekun Security Network in curtailing crime in Oyo State, Nigeria, this study inspects Amotekun's principal operational challenges. For all its victories, there are principal operational challenges to Amotekun, including inadequate training, absence of synergy with other security agencies, inadequate funding, and trust deficiency with the populace. Both qualitative data procured via...
Saving Democracy in Africa: Challenges, Strategies, and Implications for Governance and Development
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Democracy in Africa faces many and complex challenges, ranging from weak institutions and electoral malpractices to ethnic divisions and autocratic regimes. This paper explores the intricacies of these challenges and proposes comprehensive strategies to salvage democracy on the continent. The study analyzed the implications of democratic deficits for governance and development in Africa. The proposed strategies encompass...
The United Nations: Challenges and Opportunities for Global Governance in the 21st Century
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In the 21st century, the United Nations is faced with a multi-layered reality of challenge and opportunity in international governance. Geopolitical competitions, non-state actors, rapid technological changes, and global environmental crises pose serious challenges to the United Nations' mandate for promoting peace, security, and sustainable development. But hidden in these challenges are opportunities for the United...
How the absence of accountability mechanisms has exacerbated the Anglophone crisis in Cameroon
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This research examines the failed accountability mechanisms between La Republique du Cameroun and the British Southern Cameroon and how this has contributed to the Anglophone crisis. This paper adopts the institutional theory of direct and indirect rule to explain the role played by the different actors. The study findings reveal indeed, that a failed relationship between La Republique du Cameroun and the former British...
Women in Elections in Botswana: Reflections on the representation of women in Botswana’s Parliament
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Since attaining independence in 1966, Botswana has been recognized as a beacon of good governance and democracy. Botswana is a State party to several international and regional instruments that call for good governance and inclusive democracy. Among others Botswana is State party to the United Nations Security Council (UNSC) resolution 1325 on Women, Peace and Security (WPS) and the protocol to the African Union (AU)...
AES Policies on Security, Economic Challenges, and Geopolitical Shifts in the Sahel Region
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The Sahel region faces a complex interplay of security threats, economic stagnation, and socio-political instability. In response, the Alliance of Sahel States (AES) was established in 2023 to enhance military cooperation, economic resilience, and regional self-sufficiency. This study examines the effectiveness of AES policies in addressing these challenges, focusing on the relationship between military cooperation,...
Transforming Tensions into Cooperation: The GERD and Water Diplomacy in the Nile Basin
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This article provides an in-depth examination of the negotiations surrounding the Grand Ethiopian Renaissance Dam (GERD), utilizing vital theoretical frameworks in transboundary water management, including Hydro-Hegemony, Transboundary Water Interaction (TWI), and Integrated Water Resources Management (IWRM). As a transformative project on the Nile River, the GERD challenges Egypt's historical dominance over Nile water...
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This paper discusses regional health diplomacy (RHD) conducted by IGAD, member states, partners, and civil society state and non-state actors in the region. Using the liberal-constructivist approach of the international relations theory, the paper highlights the multilayered negotiations and engagements involved in health diplomacy. The paper draws from the experiences of IGAD and partners in the implementation of...
THE ROLE OF THE WORLD TRADE ORGANIZATION (WTO) IN PROMOTING FREE TRADE AND REDUCING PROTECTIONISM
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The World Trade Organization (WTO) is dedicated to promoting free trade and mitigating protectionist measures through negotiated agreements, transparent practices, and a structured dispute resolution system. This study evaluates the WTO's effectiveness in these domains, particularly examining how its trade policies and enforcement strategies have contributed to the reduction of trade barriers. The utilizes theories of...
Class Undertone in Nigeria’s Youth Protests between October 2020 and October 2024
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Between October 2020 and October 2024, Nigeria's youth protests, particularly those ignited by the #EndSARS movement in October 2020, exposed significant class dynamics alongside demands for police reform and government accountability. Initially focused on ending police brutality, the protests revealed socio-economic divisions, with middle- and working-class youths expressing divergent priorities. Middle-class youths, with...
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The Lake Chad region has been plagued by terrorism, primarily perpetrated by Boko Haram, posing a significant threat to regional stability and development. In response, the governments of Nigeria, Niger, Chad, Cameroon, and Benin established the Multinational Joint Task Force (MNJTF) in 2012 to combat the activities of extremist groups operating in the area. Despite concerted efforts, terrorism persists, undermining peace...
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This study was undertaken to evaluate challenges affecting political parties in influencing public policy process in nascent hydrocarbon industry in Uganda. Public policy formulation for the nascent hydrocarbon industry in Uganda is a responsibility of parliament where various political parties are represented. However, the influence of political parties in the formulation of policies that guide the exploration and...
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This study involved the study of Uganda's tumultuous journey from the formation of liberation movements like FROLIMO and FRONASA to the establishment of the National Resistance Army (NRA) and subsequent governance under the National Resistance Movement (NRM), led by President Yoweri Museveni. The narrative traces the roots of the liberation war, beginning with the ideological inspiration drawn from FRELIMO's struggle for...
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The return of military rule in the Niger Republic from 2023 to 2024 posed significant challenges to democratic governance in Africa, highlighting the fragility of political institutions. Factors contributing to the military takeover included weak democratic institutions, corruption, and growing insecurity. The coup exacerbated political instability, economic decline, and social unrest in Niger, disrupting the country's...
The US democracy promotion in Africa: Current issues in the Nigerian case
Article in Press
Many African countries have struggled with governance, alternating between democratic and autocratic rule, since attaining independence in the mid-twentieth century. Despite the military's incursion into politics in the immediate post-independence decade, the 1990s experienced a turn as there has been a wave and advancements in democratic governance in Africa. The start of the twenty-first century marked a new wave of...
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This research seeks to investigate the challenges of ending Boko Haram insurgency in the North-East through the activities of Operation Safe Corridor (OPSC), with particular reference to the Gujba Local Government Area (LGA) of Yobe State. Insurgency is scholarly termed irregular war, usually protracted and devastating. The North-East fell to the crisis of insurgency since 2009 that refused cessation. The insurgents have...
Cost of Governance and Its Implications on Socio-Economic Development in Nigeria
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Nigeria faces challenges in sustainable economic growth despite vast resources, due to unsustainable governance costs large bureaucracy, political structure, and extravagant public expenditures. This research study explores the critical issue of the excessive cost of governance in Nigeria and its far-reaching implications on the country's socio-economic development by addressing the abnormality of excessive governance...
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This paper examines the recent upsurge of military interventions across the African continent. This study seeks to unravel whether these interventions represent a potential catalyst for substantial progress in Africa’s political and economic landscape or merely to perpetuate entrenched practices. At its core, the research delves into the pivotal choice between revolutionary upheaval and incremental reforms as mechanisms...
COMESA AND THE QUEST FOR MANAGEMENT OF INTRA-STATE CONFLICTS
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This study evaluates the process of managing conflicts within different sovereign states in the Southern and Eastern regions in Africa, particularly considering measures taken by the Common Market for Eastern and Southern Africa (COMESA) to attain security and peace and the challenges being faced. An explicit examination of the divergent challenges in the COMESA sub region highlights the fact that sub-regional and regional...
Nigeria and America’s Security Strategy in West Africa
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The United States, as a world power, participates as an Intrusive power in all regional orders especially West Africa. One of its main strategies is to organize and exploit its relations with regional powers in regulating regional order. In this wise, West Africa has become a very important region in the international order in which it accommodated regional actors that captured United States of America’s attention to...
REFLECTIONS ON AFRICANIST LITERATURE ON INTERNATIONAL RELATIONS DISCOURSE AND PRACTICE
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There have been major works on Africa (hereafter labelled Africanist literature) that are critical of International Relations as an academic discipline. The discipline is labelled ‘provincial IR’ or ‘Eurocentric’ rather than universal. This description is based on an assumption that IR reflects western experience and values and that IR concepts and theoretical postulates are ‘parochial views that rarely correspond to the...
Africa's Integration Trajectory: Unveiling the Triad of Economy, Institutions, and Politics
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Similar to many regions globally, Africa has witnessed significant enthusiasm for regionalism. The push for Integration across the continent initially arose from a shared commitment to tackle common challenges with the thinking that regional Integration in Africa has the potential to fuel robust and equitable economic growth, mitigate poverty and unemployment, and drive initiatives for intra-regional trade and security....
NATO’s Strategy and Its Involvement in the Russian-Ukraine Crisis: A Reflective Analysis
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Sovereignty and non-interference in the internal affairs of states are foundational stones of the Westphalian system. Since the collapse of the erstwhile Soviet Union in 1991, Ukraine has been a sovereign country seeking for a North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO) membership. Russia has ardently opposed this position, arguing that Ukraine's admission would automatically mean the expansion of NATO to its borders,...
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The paper tries to analyze the dilemmas revolving around one of the regions of Ethiopia named Southern Nations, Nationalities, and People’s regional state which I here onwards refers SNNPRS. The region is comprised of some 56 nations and nationalities some of which are currently demanding their own regional states. Due to such demands of the public and internal problems of the region, the government has now decided to...
Post-Independence Eritrea: Political Ideologies and Human right in Focus
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The title of the research is Post-Independence Eritrea: Political Ideologies and Human Rights in Focus. Eritrea faced lots of ups and downs after its independence from Ethiopia. Many people sacrificed their lives for independence because they expected change, prosperity, and above all free country that can grant every possible political right to its people. The expectation of many people including families of martyrs...
Article in Press
The purpose of this study was to understand economic-induced migration as a security threat to regional stability, with reference to Zimbabweans migrating to South Africa. The research employed the qualitative research methodology, and a case study research design. Primary data was obtained from the key informants, and secondary data from peer-reviewed articles, newspapers, and books. The results indicated that the causes...
What makes Africa Attractive to Developed countries?
Article in Press
Purpose: The main aim of this study was to explore the factors that contribute to the attractiveness of Africa in developed countries. Research design: In this study, a qualitative research design was used by involving interviews and focus group discussions to gain an in-depth understanding of the reasons that make Africa attractive to developed countries. Methodology: Data sources: The sources of data for this study...
NUCLEAR PROLIFERATION AND INTERNATIONAL SECURITY: CASE STUDY OF NORTH KOREA
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The issue of nuclear proliferation has been a significant concern for international security, with North Korea at the forefront of this debate. This study aims to investigate why despite the international community's efforts to curb North Korea's nuclear program through sanctions, negotiations, and military threats, the regime has continued to develop its nuclear arsenal. The study employs a qualitative research approach,...
‘New Wave’ of Nationalism in Ethiopian Politics: An Impediment for Nation Building
Article in Press
In recent time Ethiopia witnessed new political circumstances that altered the political landscape of the country. Coupled with a good many political anecdotes, this new phenomenon has been reinvigorating the nationalism discourse and becoming a grand predicament for nation engineering in the country. The trend even leads to extreme form of nationalism; ultra nationalism that will be a peril for the nation building that...
Understanding the role of Conference of the Parties (COPs) in addressing Climate Change Challenges
Article in Press
The effect of climate change is not abating, despite the numerous agreements entered into effect since the United Convention on Climate Change/UNCCC in 1992 and the over two dozen of international meetings of stakeholders to halt or reverse global warming and climate change. The general consensus among climate scientists and various communities in countries across the world is that heat waves, droughts, wild fires, floods...
Addressing Economic Inequalities and Poverty in Ghana
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In the last two decades, Ghana has achieved some economic growth since the re-launch of democratic governance in the 1990’s, though this is becoming very volatile in recent past. Ghana’s upward development averaged 5.8 percent out of the thirteen years of the last two decades. In 2009, this growth period halted due to the global economic crisis which reduced the rate to 4 percent. Macro-economic indicators picked up in...
THE BATTLE OF ADWA: A CONTINUATION OF FOREIGN POLICY BY OTHER MEANS
Article in Press
War as a continuation of diplomacy in international relations can be made either to maximize power as offensive realism explains or to maximize security as defensive realism suggests. The later resonates well with Ethiopia’s diplomatic history. Ethiopia in the history of its foreign policies strived to gain an appropriate amount of power to survive amid the anarchic world and more particularly amid the scramble for Africa....
IMPLICATIONS OF SINO-RUSSIAN GEOSTRATEGIC ALIGNMENT ON U.S POLICY ON VENEZUELA
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The past decade has witnessed continued increases of Sino-Russian mutuality, rapprochement and cooperation. In many ways, Sino-Russian geostrategic alignment has significantly altered the manner in which the United States (U.S) exercises its power and influence across the globe, especially in its ‘regions’ of strategic interest. In essence this article attempts to answer the following questions: How does Sino-Russian...
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What is fascinating in the Bull's book titled the Anarchical Society: A Study Order in World Politics is that this book is undoubtedly one of the ways in which the field of interdisciplinary discussion and combined theories of other profits have provided. Contrary to what many may claim that his work is a classic book today that cannot be found in relatively contemporary complex theories, his book remains still, to a good...
Non-State Actors’ influence on Zimbabwe’s re-engagement efforts with the United Kingdom since 2017
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The aim of the study was to explore the problematic nature of Zimbabwe’s re-engagement foreign policy from a non-state actor perspective. The findings of this research were that Civil Society Organisations (CSOs) in the governance sector were powerful and they had a major impact on Zimbabwe’s foreign policy outcomes, especially with Western countries. It was discovered that the actions of non-state actors, especially in...
Tracing Rhetoric to Comprehend Contemporary Sino-Ghana Economic Policy Initiatives
Article in Press
Theories advanced in the political economy literature concerning China’s presence in Africa have often focused on Beijing’s motive, leaving under theorized the dynamics that may be causing the responsiveness and embrace of China by these African states. The president of Ghana at the 73rd UN General Assembly defended Chinese investment for Africa and described China as the new avenue that Africans can resort to address...
A Critical Evaluation of Thirty Years of State-Civil Society Relations in Zambia, 1991 – 2021.
Article in Press
This paper aimed to assess the relations between the state and civil society in Zambia in the last thirty years of the country’s plural political dispensation. The study sought to establish the extent to which both the state and civil society regard each other to be genuine associates to the cause of national development. The areas of study focus were on human rights protection, adherence to the rule of law, economic...
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Democratisation in developing countries remains an incomplete and, in many cases, elusive project. The literature on democratisation is vast and there are many different possible understandings of the term and the process. While there are many possible criteria one could employ in examining processes of democratisation, this research paper focuses on its electoral components and on the degree to which these exhibit...
A review of ethnicity, democracy, and good governance in Africa
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This paper argues that ethnicity by itself, even though misconceived is not a cause of conflict but could be, once easily manipulated by powerful elites to suit their political and economic needs. Using the data from the secondary sources, this review addresses how the misconceptions of democracy in Africa is expanding ethnicity challenges and how such affects good governance of the continent. The paper argues that most...
Article in Press
The rise of cybercrimes in Nigeria has eaten deep into the fabrics of the nation and globalization is seen as the foundational cause of cybercrimes in Nigeria and other countries which are suffering from the same social menace. This paper adopted the documentary research method using the secondary source of data collection where information was derived from textbooks, journals, internet materials, periodicals and...
The 2014 Lesotho political crisis and the South African response: Challenges and achievements
Article in Press
This study investigates the 2014 Lesotho political crisis and assesses the South African response to the crisis. The 2014 crisis in Lesotho was a watershed moment as it exposed the fragile nature of the political setup of the country. Regional states had become worried and if the crisis was not settled, it had the potential of having regional spill-over effects. South Africa which was at the time the chair of the Organ on...
Article in Press
This study examined the developments and trends of women's political participation in Africa in general, with specific reference to Nigeria. It relied on secondary sources of data and content analysis. Using an eclectic approach of a four tied theoretical discourse: liberal feminist theory, radical feminist theory, cultural determinism theory and functionalist theory. The study reveals that the gladiator level is the most...
The Allegory of the African Continental Free Trade Area: An Optimistic Prescription?
Article in Press
This paper explores the recent move towards a single continental economic bloc in the likes of the European Community, which spear-headed economic activities and integration in Europe before its final absorption into the European Union’s broader framework in 2009. It exposes the opportunities and equally show-case the possible hurdles that if not carefully handled, will bring this process of economic integration in a...
Identity Deconstruction and Identification Problem in Ethiopia The Case of Agaw Khimra
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After a long process of socio-cultural and linguistic symbiosis and subsequent identity deconstruction; the Khimra Agaw people are subjected to identification problems. The deconstruction of identity due to socio-economic and political factors and the latter reconstruction process instigated mainly by political factors was the focus of this study concomitant with the theoretical and empirical evidence and methods used to...
Article in Press
This study is concerned with challenges and opportunity of gada system in peacebuilding among Borana Oromo community of south Ethiopia. The objective of this paper was to assess the challenges and opportunities of the homegrown( gada system) in peacebuilding in Borana Oromo community. To achieve the objectives, a qualitative case study of research design was implemented. Members of gada council, gada leaders who are active...
Article in Press
Although there were ethnic based political organizations since 1970’s , the introduction of ethnic federalism in the post 1991 period opened a wider space for the mushroom growth of ethnic based parties in Ethiopia. Many of the political parties that are competing in the current Ethiopian politics are ethnic based. Their formation empowered many ethnic groups to have proper political representation at national and...
POLITICAL DOWNLINE & NCHINDAISM IN THE GLOBAL POLITICAL ECONOMY
Article in Press
The study focuses on the gambit of capitalism (political downline) and its relationship with the theory of Nchindaism. It provides an understanding to the exploitative mechanics of capitalists on the less developed and predicts the pendulum from Western controlled capitalism to military alliances where Western countries are elbowed from masters to actors and the possible collapse of the United Nations (UN). It targets:...
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The paper looks at the foreign policy of Nigeria after the rise of Boko Haram in Nigeria. The Nigerian government has been seeking to establish ties with its immediate neighbors, Cameroon, the Republic of Niger, Benin and Chad, over the past few years. Since its independence, Nigeria has been pursuing a foreign policy which puts Africa at the center, particularly its West African neighbors. Africa, which was still stressed...
Migration in the African Perspective: Theoretical and Conceptual Frameworks
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The study examines the nature of migration in the African continent. A theoretical review of the impact of migration on the continent reveals two antagonistic consequences. On the one hand are the optimistic propositions, while on the other are the pessimistic suppositions fiercely debating the desirability or otherwise of migration. It therefore, seeks to examine the theoretical viewpoints on the impact of migration, in...
Article in Press
This paper aims to review Medhanes’s book “Turning Conflicts to Cooperation in the Horn of Africaâ€. The title and the discussion points forwarded by the author of this book are very impressive and valuable to understand the nature of conflict in the Horn of Africa and to turn the existence disorder into cooperation. Medhane identified three important objectives of the paper. Make out the root causes of the conflicts...
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