Distribution and abundance of terrestrial orchids of the genus Bletia in sites with different degrees of disturbance, in the Cupatitzio Natural Reserve, México
June 2012
In this work, we determined the distribution and relative abundance of terrestrial orchids of the genusBletia in the Cupatitzio Natural Reserve, Michoacán, México, during two flowering seasons. Four different sampling sites were identified according to degree of disturbance and site quality. Relative abundance was established with an arbitrary scale of four values: abundant (>40...
Biodiversity of Sapindaceae in West Africa: A checklist
June 2012
This paper aims at documenting species belonging to the family Sapindaceae in West Africa. Samples were collected for 2 years (May 2008 to April 2010) using random sampling from various sites including botanic gardens and forest reserves. 104 taxa were observed encompassing 26 genera: Allophylus (16), Aporrhiza (3), Blighia (3), Cardiospermum (3), Chytranthus (10),...
Bioacoustic analysis of advertisement calls of two ground-frogs of the genus Platymantis in Mount Magdiwata, San Francisco, Agusan del Sur, Philippines
May 2012
This study described the advertisement calls of two ground-dwelling species of frogs of the genusPlatymantis from Mount Magdiwata, San Francisco, Agusan del Sur, Philippines. The two species shared a common micro-habitat preference being found on rocks or edges of slope ground, leaf litter, and on steep slopes of stream banks. The researchers analyzed the calls for their temporal and spectral...
Determination of sex in Zamia fischeri Miq., an endangered gymnosperm
May 2012
Sex determination of Zamia fischeri Miq., one of the endangered cycads was done using peroxidase profiling, two-dimensional gel electrophoresis of proteins and RAPD-based approaches to find an easy and reliable molecular marker. Sex at pre-flowering stage could not be resolved by peroxidase isozymic profiling. Use of sex organ specific tissues as enzyme source resulted in marked differentiation in...
Agroforestry practices and flora composition in backyards in Hiwane, Hintalo Wejerat of Tigray, Northern Ethiopia
May 2012
Backyard (home garden) agroforestry practice is most popular in the northern part of the country. This backyard agroforestry is practiced as a mixture of crops (vegetables, herbs) and trees (fruits and fodder trees) to provide diversified products to the cultivators. This study found over 40 species of plants maintained in home garden of the study area. Furthermore, agroforestry practice in backyard has a...
Effectiveness of the Integrated Conservation and Development Program (ICDP) in conserving wildlife in the Annapurna Conservation Area in Nepal
May 2012
Nepal has established 22 protected areas (PAs) with the primary aim of conserving wildlife biodiversity. The protected area system of Nepal has gone through various stages of trial and learning. Various problems relating to management of protected areas have emerged during such trials and processes. In the course of this process, the Integrated Conservation and Development Program (ICDP) approach in protected...
The contraction of wildlife dispersal areas by human structures and activities in Mbirikani Group Ranch in the Amboseli Ecosystem, Kenya
May 2012
The Amboseli ecosystem in Kenya has some of the largest concentrations of free-ranging large mammals in the country. National parks depend on the surrounding group ranches for wildlife dispersal. Mbirikani group ranch [MGR] is a key dispersal area for the Amboseli ecosystem, but it is not known exactly what area remains for wildlife dispersal or where that is. Data was collected using global positioning...
The synergetic effects of inbreeding and temperature variability on biotic potential of Walia Ibex (Capra walie)
May 2012
The study was conducted to assess synergetic effect of inbreeding and temperature variability on biotic potential of Walia ibex (Capra walie) at Simien Mountains National Park (SMNP), in Ethiopia. Census data and different models were used to quantify these effects. The results revealed that the mean biotic potential of Walia ibex (C. walie) per year was too low (0.033 ± 0.04) and, was...
Analysis of physiological polymorphism of Chinese Tobacco strains of Ralstonia solanacearum
May 2012
A collection of 41 Ralstonia solanacearum (RS) strains isolated from bacterial wilted tobacco collected in 10 Chinese provinces was investigated based on their biovar, heterogeneity within an axenic laboratory culture, and growth to determine the current distribution pattern of tobacco RSstrains in China as well as to provide theoretic guidance to disease control. Of the 41 isolates, 18...
Past and present status of kob (Kobus (Adenota) kob (Erxleben) in Nigeria
April 2012
Past and present distribution of Kob (Kobus kob) within the Nigeria protected landscapes was studied. Reconnaissance survey of all the parks and some of the existing game reserves were conducted to ascertain whether the animals have existed in those areas before or they still exist. Questionnaires were administered to both the officials and residents of the surrounding villages and enclaves of those...
Assessment of diversity amongst a set of aromatic rice genotypes from India
April 2012
Both the level of genetic diversity and the number of rice genotypes preserved in rice germplasm banks are high but apart from the basmati the rest of the indigenous aromatic genotypes in India have received little attention. Hence, there is an urgent need to catalogue, characterize and conserve the non-basmati indigenous aromatic rice genotypes, which are inextricably integrated with religious and social...
Inter population genetic diversity analysis using ISSR markers in Pinus roxburghii (Sarg.) from Indian provenances
April 2012
Inter population genetic diversity analysis was undertaken between four Pinus roxburghii populations of India using ISSR markers. A total of 72 accessions of genomic DNA from mature needles from four distantly located populations (two native/natural from sub-tropical forests and two provenance trial plantations in plains) were isolated and subjected to ISSR analysis. The percent band polymorphism...
Response of leopards to re-introduced tigers in Sariska Tiger Reserve, Western India
April 2012
Tigers got exterminated from Sariska Tiger Reserve before 2005. After that, five tigers were re-introduced to Sariska during 2008 to 2010. The present study compared the abundance, site occupancy and temporal activity pattern of leopard before and after tiger re-introduction. The population of leopard was estimated by mark-recapture technique using camera traps during 2008 to 2010 in an effective...
Sustaining life and livelihood: A case study of Askote conservation landscape, Central Himalaya
April 2012
The Askote conservation landscape, located in eastern Kumaun, State of Uttarakhand, represents an enlarged version of the Askote Wildlife Sanctuary, encompassing within, minor landscape, which is part of the adjoining Nanda Devi Biosphere Reserve. Of a total land area of 4,463 km2, about 103 km2or just 2.31% of the area is cultivated land. The present study however, confines itself to the summer habitations...
Population dynamics of Chrysoperla externa (Hagen) (Neuroptera: Chrysopidae) in a silvopastoral system
April 2012
In this study we investigated lacewings (Neuroptera: Chrysopidae) in a silvopastoral system. The study was conducted between July, 2006 and June, 2008 in a pasture with Brachiaria decumbens and trees. Adult specimens were caught twice a month by using a malaise trap, while the larvae were caught in the shoots of fodder and by visual observation. Flowering panicles were also observed for the presence...
Efficacy of different insecticides against mushroom phorid Fly, Megaselia halterata (Wood) in Punjab, Pakistan
April 2012
Phorid fly, Megaselia halterata is the most destructive insect pest of mushroom causing serious threat to mushroom production and cultivation in Pakistan. Chemical control is the most effective and quicker approach used by our farming community. So there was a dire need to evaluate some commercial insecticides against this pest. The present study was therefore, conducted to evaluate six commercial...
Mitochondrial cytochrome b variation in populations of the cutaneous leishmaniasis vector Phlebotomus papatasi across eastern Tunisia
April 2012
Cutaneous leishmaniasis remains a serious health problem in Tunisia. It is the most extensive and prevalent form with thousands of cases reported each year since the start of a large epidemic in 1982, with 96% of cases were recorded in central and southern regions of the country. In Tunisia,Phlebotomus papatasi (Scopoli) (Diptera: Psychodidae) is the main vector of cutaneous leishmaniasis caused by...
Standardization of herbal medicines - A review
March 2012
There is increasing awareness and general acceptability of the use of herbal drugs in today’s medical practice. Although, most of these applications are unorthodox, it is however a known fact that over 80% of the world population depends on herbal medicines and product for healthy living. This rise in the use of herbal product has also given rise to various forms of abuse and adulteration of the...
Conserving species of the Manilkara spp. threatened with extinction in vegetation fragments in Ecotone zones
March 2012
Ecosystem fragmentation has become one of the most striking aspects of human-driven environmental change in North-eastern Brazil, and this modification of natural habitats, in turn, has become one of the principal causes of species extinction. In light of these observations, the question arises as to whether floristic studies and botanical collections can help save species threatened with extinction. The...
Modelling the spatial distribution of endemic Caesalpinioideae in Central Africa, a contribution to the evaluation of actual protected areas in the region
March 2012
Understanding why some regions have higher levels of diversity and which factors are driving the occurrence of species in a particular area is crucial for environmental management and for the development of species conservation strategies. In this study, we studied seven species of the Caesalpinioideae that are endemic in Central Africa (Democratic Republic of the Congo, Burundi and Rwanda). The...
Genetic variability of sacred fir (Abies religiosa) in the Nevado de Toluca National Park
March 2012
Sacred fir (Abies religiosa) forests of the Nevado de Toluca National Park, Mexico, are threatened principally by illegal cutting and an increasing incidence of parasites as bark beetles and dwarf mistletoe. An important and sometimes ignored component of conservations plan is genetic variability hence, it is necessary to carry out studies on the genetic diversity of sacred fir to create an efficient plan of...
On-farm evaluation of improved Brachiaria grasses in low rainfall and aluminium toxicity prone areas of Rwanda
March 2012
The aim of this study was to determine the production of improved Brachiaria grass in comparison with indigenous Brachiaria under low rainfall and aluminium toxicity areas of Rwanda. Three varieties and five hybrids of Brachiaria grass from CIAT and two local grasses (control) were used for on-farm participatory trials without fertilizer application. Twelve farms were selected in each study area and on each...
Conservation of folk healing practices and commercial medicinal plants with special reference to Nagaland
March 2012
Nagaland is one of the states of North Eastern India which is bordered in the East by Myanmar, Assam in the West Manipur in the South and Arunachal Pradesh and partly Assam in the North. It lies between 93.5 to 94.70 N longitude and 25.5 to 27.5 E latitude. The state as a whole is a hilly tract and occupying an area of 16,527 sq. km. The state consists of seven...
Modelling dry matter allocation within Alnus nepalensis D. Don trees in Nepal
February 2012
The models describing dry matter partitioning and allocation to various components within the individual trees would be important inputs for process-based individual tree growth models and simulation systems. This study presents the allometric and quadratic models fitted to the ratios of biomass data of various components (leaf, branch, stem, and root) of the individual tree against diameter at...
Genetic diversity among commercial coffee varieties, advanced selections and museum collections in Kenya using molecular markers
February 2012
Molecular markers have effectively been applied to study genetic diversity and as markers of particular traits. This study assessed the diversity of twenty four (24) coffee genotypes using 10 Random Amplified Polymorphic DNA (RAPD) primers and 2 microsatellites (M24 and Sat 235). A total of 35 polymorphic bands were generated by the RAPD primers. The bands were scored for...
Fish biodiversity of Betwa River in Madhya Pradesh, India with special reference to a sacred ghat
February 2012
Many sacred natural sites are areas of great importance for the conservation of biodiversity. Sacred natural sites can be considered a subset of “sacred sites”, which may be defined as areas of special spiritual significance to people and communities. The wider category of sacred sites may include primarily natural areas (such as forests), but also human-built or monumental areas (such as...
Impact of climate change and gender roles in community adaptation: A case study of pastoralists in Samburu East District, Kenya
February 2012
Climate change continues to be of great concern both nationally and internationally, especially with regards to resource allocation and utilization for adaptation and mitigation. It is also clear that climate change is accelerating; taking almost catastrophic dimensions and the impacts are felt greater across the world than in the past thirty years. The impacts of climate change in the form of hurricanes,...
Collecting crop genetic resources in two Italian linguistic (Occitan and Ladin) islands and West Liguria with historical and ethnobotanical notes
February 2012
A research on exploration, collecting and safeguarding plant genetic resources in Italian linguistic islands by Institute of Plant Genetics of the National Research Council of Bari (Italy) and the Institute of Crop Science of Kassel University (Germany) started in 1996. In 2010 two other linguistic areas (Occitan and Ladin) were visited with the same aim. In addition, west Liguria was covered to complete...
Integrating environmental influences on patch occupancy into reserve selection and prioritization for the imperiled Carson Valley silverspot butterfly (Speyeria nokomis carsonensis)
February 2012
Integrating ecological information into conservation prioritization strategies is needed to facilitate land-use decisions about which habitat areas should be protected for imperiled species. Little effort has been directed toward incorporating variations in environmental determinants of patch occupancy across habitat types to optimize site selections for land acquisitions or habitat management activities,...
Regeneration pattern and size-class distribution of indigenous woody species in exotic plantation in Pugu Forest Reserve, Tanzania
January 2012
Pugu Forest Reserve is among coastal forests in Tanzania which is highly degraded through exploitation. To conserve the forest, part of natural forest was cleared and established exotic plantation to provide forest resource needs for the nearby residents. However, the regeneration pattern of indigenous trees in the exotic plantation was not monitored. It was aimed at assessing diversity, population structure,...
Ex-situ conservation of Polygonatum verticillatum (L.) Allioni under different types of organic treatments
January 2012
Meda (Polygonatum verticillatum) belongs to the family Liliaceae. It is an important ingredient of Astvarga and known for its various medicinal uses. This is a herb which is used against many diseases and as a tonic. Due to great market potential of this plant, it is harvested in uncontrolled way which is causing the decline of the herb from its natural habitat. Thus, there is a need for its in-situ as well...
Halophytic vegetation with their conservation in Jordan
January 2012
Two types of halophytic vegetation in Jordan are recognized: (1) Saline (halophytic) vegetation which occurs in the desert (saharo-arabian). The leading species of this kind of vegetation are mainlyTamarix nilotica, Beta vulgaris, Plantago spp, Lycium shawi, Aeluropus littoralis Anabasis spp, Atriplex halimus, Arthecnemum strobilicum, Stipa spp and Halopeplis spp. Such vegetation occurs around the...
Potential of parasitoid Trichogramma chilonis (Ishii) (Hymenoptera: Trichogrammatidae) against the sugarcane stem borer, Chilo infuscatellus (Lepidoptera; Pyralidae) under field conditions
January 2012
The present experiment reports the role of egg parasitoid, Trichogramma chilonis (Ishii) (Hymenoptera; Trichogrammtiade) as a pest management tool for the control of sugarcane stem borer (Chilo infuscatellus) under natural field conditions. The prime focus of study was to find out the effectiveness of egg parasitoid as a primary tool after its field releases at different time intervals....
Participatory wildlife management in Serengeti, Tanzania: Lessons and challenges from community based conservation outreach project
December 2011
Participation in natural resources management is a recent development in the modern biodiversity conservation. However it is challenged by the designing of community conservation outreach projects, socio-economic factors, and the cultural contexts of the communities. This paper addresses the participation of local people in wildlife management in the west of Serengeti National Park, Tanzania. It is based on...
Studies on agrestal diversity in the sugarcane field of Howrah district, West Bengal, India: use as an important bioresource for human welfare
December 2011
Agrestals are small plants (weeds) in the agricultural field which have had a huge impact on agriculture through the ages, and they continue to effect agricultural practices today. Generally, weeds are plants said to grow where they are not wanted. They compete with crops for water, nutrients, light and space thus reduce crop yields, but not all weeds are undesirable. In many systems, weeds are useful...
Diversity of Nepenthes spp. in West Kalimantan
December 2011
The paper is describing the result of survey of pitcher plants (Nepenthes spp.) diversity at six habitats in West Kalimantan. The research was conducted by investigation of specimens at Herbarium Bogoriense and Nepenthes nurseries in Pontianak. Besides that, the research was also supported by personal communication with Nepenthes hubbies in Pontianak and related literature. The study...
Survey of medicinal plants used to treat human ailments in Hawzen district, Northern Ethiopia
December 2011
Role of seed mycoflora on seed germination of Oroxylum indicum (L.) Vent. in Kumaun region of Indian Central Himalaya
December 2011
A number of fungi was isolated from the seeds of Oroxylum indicum (L.) Vent. The mycoflora associated with the seeds of this tree has not been previously reported from Kumaun region of Indian Central Himalaya. During the course of the study, mycoflora such as Fusarium solani, Aspergillus niger, Aspergillus nidulens, Penicillium sp., Trichoderma...
Prunus diversity- early and present development: A review
December 2011
Genus Prunus comprises around 98 species which are of importance. All the stone fruits are included in this group. Three subgenera namely: Amygdalus (peaches and almonds), Prunophora (plums and apricots) and Cerasus (cherries) under Prunus are universally accepted. Major species of importance are Prunus persica, Prunus...
Causes of decline of critically endangered hangul deer in Dachigam National Park, Kashmir (India): A review
December 2011
This review presents information on declining population trends of critically endangered red deer of Kashmir commonly known as hangul (Cervus elaphus hanglu) belonging to the family Cervidae. It is restricted to Dachigam National Park (DNP) of Jammu and Kashmir State in India and is on the verge of extinction. The causes of decline of its population are both physical and biological factors. The physical...
Forest conservation and livelihood conflict in REDD: A case study from the corridor Ankeniheny Zahamena REDD project, Madagascar
November 2011
To be effective, the reducing emission from deforestation and forest degradation (REDD) initiatives must be driven not only by their potential climate and other environmental benefits, but also by the consideration of how they will affect rural communities. This study focused on the socioeconomic dimensions of the REDD mechanism and explored the extent to which the management system of a carbon sequestered...
Attitudes and perceptions as threats to wildlife conservation in the Bakossi area, South West Cameroon
November 2011
Knowing the attitudes and perception of people towards wildlife conservation is a primordial factor and strategy. The success of wildlife conservation depends on the attitudes of the local population, their perception of concepts and strategies put forth by conservation organizations. Although people in the area equate wildlife conservation as refusal to access rights to bush meat, they are conscious of the...
Oak gall wasps (Hymenoptera: Cynipidae) species composition using diversity and similarity indexes across different locations of Oak forest, West-Azerbaijan, Iran
November 2011
Patterns of the distribution of species diversity are the result of ecological, physical and historical factors. Beta diversity is an important property of ecosystems because it provides information about the partitioning of habitats by species. The objectives of this study were to determine the level of oak gall wasps diversity present in five different locations and to study the similarity among these...
Impact of tropical forest degradation on nymphalid butterflies: A case study in Chandubi tropical forest, Assam, India
November 2011
Study examines the hypothesis, whether the diversity of Nymphalid butterflies in tropical primary forest of Chandubi is associated with vegetation structure and canopy openness and that this relationship differs between butterfly taxa in relation to phylogenetic differences in light and shade preferences. Study has emphasized whether the increasing diversity of butterflies in degraded tropical forest is...
Diversity and distribution of ladybird beetles in District Dir Lower, Pakistan
November 2011
This paper communicates the diversity, distribution and host importance of ladybird beetles collected from District Dir Lower, Pakistan. A survey was conducted in the District Dir Lower over a period of two years. Specimens of coccinellid beetles were collected from Maidan, Jandool, Timergara and Adenzai. Identification of these beetles showed that 14 different species belonging to sub-families...
Conservation effectiveness of protected areas in Mexico: Effects on medium and large mammals at local and regional scales
October 2011
Several threats are affecting biodiversity at both spatial and temporal scales. Protected areas (PAs) are one of the most popular conservation tools to protect biodiversity from those threats. However, PAs are often isolated by anthropogenic barriers and are not effective maintaining biodiversity and then it is necessary to assess the effectiveness of current PAs. Here we analyzed the representativeness of...
Status of snow leopard Uncia uncia and its conservation in the tumor peak natural reserve in Xinjiang, China
October 2011
Field surveys were carried out by the International Snow Leopard project team to estimate snow leopard abundance and density in the Tumor Peak Natural Reserve in Xinjiang Uyghur Autonomous Region (Xinjiang), China. A total of 48 linear transects with a total length of 48.92 km were surveyed at 5 potential distribution sites during October to November 2004, and we observed 101 snow leopard signs to try to...
Ecology and biodiversity in Pangong Tso (lake) and its inlet stream in Ladakh, India
October 2011
Pangong Tso is a land locked lake situated in eastern part of Ladakh (Indian Tibet), at an altitude of 4,266 m A.S.L. and remains frozen for about three months during winter. There is no outlet to the lake and loss of water is only through evapotranspiration. The lake was found to be highly alkaline (pH ≤ 9.0) with high conductivity (≥ 1639 mS) and nutrients (NH4-N ≥ 54 mg/L; NO3-N ≥ 299...
Study of genetic relationships between wild and domesticated grapevine in the north of Morocco
October 2011
In Morocco, knowledge about the wild grapevines has been absent. Until now, no accurate inventory was available and the characterization of this wild grapevine group was lacking. In the present work, prospecting conducted in the North of Morocco (Rif) permitted us to inventory 18 sites with wild grapevines (10 to 50 km away from each other). A total of 168 individuals have been found. This material was...
Sustainable agriculture productivity through restoration of tank irrigation system with stakeholder decision : Case study in rural tank eco system
October 2011
The tank irrigation system have provided support for the livelihood of the rural communities and have to be restored and conserved as an economic assets, especially for the poor and marginalized communities in the under developed areas. The tank irrigation system has a special significance to the marginal and small-scale farmers who make a very large number essentially depending on...
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