Diversity of macrofungi at the University of Dar es Salaam Mlimani main campus in Tanzania
October 2011
Macrofungi play important roles in nutrient cycling, forestry, pharmacology industry, production of cultivated fungi in the food industry, as well as their vital role in biodegradation and biodeterioration. Information about the diversity, community organization, and variations in time and space of macrofungi community belonging to the Basidiomycota and Ascomycota at the University of Dar es...
Pollinator biodiversity in Uganda and in Sub-Sahara Africa: Landscape and habitat management strategies for its conservation
October 2011
Previous pollinator faunistic surveys conducted in 26 different sites indicated that farmlands of central Uganda supported more than 650 bee species, 330 butterfly species and 57 fly species. Most crop species grown in Uganda are pollinator-dependents. There is also a high dependency of rural communities on pollination services for their livelihoods and incomes. The annual economic value attributable to...
Use of ethnobotanical criteria for conservation assessment of plants used for respiratory diseases in Lake Victoria region, Tanzania
October 2011
The focus of the paper was to use an ethnobotanical approach to identify for conservation, priority medicinal plants used for respiratory diseases in Lake Victoria region of Tanzania. Recent incidences of respiratory diseases profoundly affect plant diversity as they lead to selective consumerism of plant species. Trend of respiratory diseases in Lake Victoria region is alarming due...
A comparison of terrestrial bird community structure in the undisturbed and disturbed areas of the Abijata Shalla lakes national park, Ethiopia
September 2011
A study to determine the terrestrial bird community structures in the undisturbed and disturbed areas of the Abijata Sahlla Lakes National Park was conducted during the wet and dry seasons. A representative area of 57% was randomly sampled in each of the undisturbed and disturbed habitats. A transect line of 1 or less km at a distance of 50 to 100 m on one side of the line was used to count birds. Counting...
Vegetation dynamics of an old-growth lowland tropical rainforest in North-east India: Species composition and stand heterogeneity
September 2011
The North East India forms an important hotspot of biodiversity by virtue of its unique biogeographical situation and healthier growing conditions. The region has an area of 13302.80 km2 under the protected area network (PAN), which is not yet systematically inventorised. In this paper, we investigated Namdapha National Park that comprises 14% of the total PAN of the region and forms the largest remnants of...
Biodiversity survey of trees and ornamental plants in Karunya University, Coimbatore, India
September 2011
Biodiversity is the degree of variation of life forms within a given ecosystem, biome, or on an entire planet. Biodiversity is not consistent across the Earth. Western Ghats, older than the Himalayas, is one of the 34 global hotspots of biodiversity – flora, fauna, landscape and ethnicity. Western Ghats, anarrow 1,700 km strip that stretches from the mouth of Tapti in Dhule district of...
First record of mugger crocodile Crocodylus palustris (Lesson, 1831) from the Rajaji National Park, North India
September 2011
First record of mugger crocodile Crocodylus palustris (Lesson, 1831) from Rajaji National Park, north India, is described and illustrated. This is the first record of the order Crocodilia and genus Crocodylus for Rajaji National Park. On 8th and 9th of December 2010, two mugger crocodiles were observed basking in sandy bed of Ganges near to Bhimgora barrage (Haridwar city) on the very edge of...
Essential sesquiterpene oil(s) in Khus-Khus (Vetiveria zizanoides Nash.) on roots diameter circumference positions for commercial usage
September 2011
The culturing Khus in controled glasshouse condition in sand cultures for maximum essential monoterpene oil(s) was found (0.21%) in young developed middle position circumferences of roots. At middle position of leaf, net photosynthetic and contents of chlorophyll were affected. The maximum peroxidase activity was obtained at middle position of leaf and roots circumferances ...
The effects of soil characteristics and physiographic factors on the establishment and distribution of plant species in mountain forests (Case study: Asalouyeh, South of Iran)
September 2011
The objective of this study was to assess the effects of soil characteristics and physiographic factors (slope, aspect and elevation) on vegetation distribution. We ultimately ascertained the most important characteristics on the establishment, regeneration and distribution of species in Asalouyeh mountain forests south of Iran. Vegetation sampling was performed using a randomized-systematic method and plot...
The management of alien species in India
September 2011
Alien species, after becoming locally dominant, invade natural communities and become Invasive Alien Species (IAS). The impacts of exotic plants on community structure and ecosystem processes are poorly understood in India. A total 173 species in 117 genera are invasive alien plants, representing 1 % of the Indian flora. The agricultural economy in India is vulnerable to threat from exotic pests/ diseases. In...
Distribution patterns of cultivated watermelon forms in Zimbabwe using DIVA-GIS
September 2011
Identification of potential areas and regions for collection of watermelon germplasm is pivotal for better utilization of the available diversity. DIVA-GIS were used on all watermelon collections in the National Genebank of Zimbabwe to explore the pattern of distribution of two forms of watermelons; sweet watermelon (Citrullus lanatus var. lanatus) and cow-melon (Citrullus...
A Costa Rican bacterial spiroplasma biodiversity survey in tabanid flies reveals new serogroups and extends United States ranges
August 2011
Spiroplasmas are ubiquitous bacteria found in association with a wide range of plants and arthropods, where they can cause economically important diseases. To better understand Spiroplasma biodiversity and biogeography, a single host family (tabanid flies) was examined in detail. The current report describes spiroplasma carriage and biodiversity from tabanid flies captured at three sites in the Costa Rican...
Impact of interspecific competition by compatriot aquatic weeds on water hyacinth Eichhornia crassipes (Martius) Solms growth and development in the Kagera River
August 2011
The phenotype of a plant is strongly influenced by the presence of neighbouring plants often resulting into change in growth and development. We have demonstrated to our knowledge for the first time, the influence of three aquatic weed species (Commelina sp., Justicia sp. and Vossia cupsidata) on growth and development of water hyacinth (Eichhornia crassipes). We found...
Diversity and distribution of amphibians in the Kakum National Park and its surroundings
August 2011
This study investigated amphibian distribution and diversity in Kakum National Park and its surrounding communities. Sampling was carried out in lowland swampy areas and upland zones of both locations; thus totalling four main habitat types as areas of survey. A total of 1434 specimens belonging to four Families comprising 12 species of anurans were recorded. The 12 species were irregularly distributed in the four...
Forewarning models of the insects of paddy crop
August 2011
The models for forewarning about the infestation of green leafhopper Nephotettix virescens Dist (Cicadellidae, Hemiptera), plant hopper Cofana spectra Dist (Delphacidae, Hemiptera), C. yasumatsui Young (Kolla mimica, Hemiptera), rice gundhi bug Leptocoriza acuta Thunberg (Alydidae, Hemiptera) and yellow stem borer Scirpophaga incertulas Walker (Pyralidae, Lepidoptera)...
Correlation and path coefficient analysis of yield and its component in faba bean (Vicia faba L.) germplasm
August 2011
Due to the lack of information on genetic diversity in Ethiopian faba bean (Vicia faba L.) germplasm and the need to study association among seed yield and related components, fifteen genotypes were grown at Sinana Agricultural Research Center and on two farmers’ field at Sinja and Adaba, south Eastern Ethiopia in 2007/08 cropping season. At Sinana, number of pods/plants, number of seeds/pod...
Flying with the enemy: An endoparasitic fly larva in Brazilian bumblebees
August 2011
In the south of Brazil some species of bumblebees are disappearing, such as: Bombus bellicosus in Paraná State. Insecticides and other pesticides and global warming are possible candidates for such phenomena, but none of them has been deeply studied. In forest fragments at southeast of Brazil (Sorocaba City, São Paulo State) tachinid fly larvae were found inside the abdomen of foraging...
Proximate and mineral composition of four edible mushroom species from South India
August 2011
Results of proximate analysis of four edible species of mushroom collected from different parts of IIT Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India., indicate that Auricularia polytricha was a very good source of crude protein (37%), crude fiber (21.97%), ash (6.87%), calcium (607 mg/g dry weight) and manganese (136 mg/kg dry weight (dw). Macrolepiota rhodocus was the richest in carbohydrate (48%) and magnesium (250...
Role of participatory research on natural resource management: A case of Karnali Watershed Area, Nepal
July 2011
This paper discusses the development trends of participatory research in Nepal with reference to natural resource management, taking example from Karnali watershed area. The issues discussed in this paper clearly indicate that there is urgent need to promote the participatory action research on environment and development for the proper links between population, development,...
Diversity of parasites from Middle Paraná system freshwater fishes, Argentina
July 2011
Investigation into taxonomy at the local and regional level is essential. It is necessary to make an inventory of the local biodiversity to enhance the efforts of the region with respect to scientific research. Argentina is one of the most diverse countries in the world and little is known about the diversity of invertebrate species of ichthyoparasites of inland aquatic ecosystems. The Middle Paraná...
Mass of Prunus africana stem barks on the Mount Cameroon forest
July 2011
Prunus africana is a species of the Rosaceae family, known under its trade/pilot name aspygeum or African cherry. The bark is the major source of an extract used to treat benign prostatic hyperplasia, an increasingly common health problem in older men in the western world. A study for estimating the mass of the stem barks of P. africana was carried out in December, 2011 on...
Spatial correlates of land-use changes in the Maasai-Steppe of Tanzania: Implications for conservation and environmental planning
July 2011
Spatially explicit models are becoming increasingly important tools for simulating land-use change. In this study, we formulated and tested models that incorporated spatial correlates of agricultural expansion and used them to predict local- and landscape-scale patterns of agricultural land-use change and its implications in the Maasai-Steppe of Northern Tanzania. We evaluated the relationship between...
Deforestation and endangered indigenous tree species in South-West Nigeria
July 2011
Literature is replete with evidence of deforestation of the tropical forest. In Nigeria, studies on deforestation also abound. This report, which is built on the government forests in South West Nigeria attempts to provide a basic linkage between deforestation and endangered indigenous tree species. Endangered indigenous forest trees in South West Nigeria are further threatened by lack of commitment and...
Diversity and status of ethno-medicinal plants of Almora district in Uttarakhand, India
July 2011
The present contribution relates to the diversity of the medicinal flora of the world famous Almora district of the Central Himalaya in the state of Uttarakhand (India). The paper describes distribution and local/traditional uses of the 188 medicinal flora representing 80 families, in which 35 species were trees, 112 were herbs, 35 were shrubs and 06 were climbers. These identify the plants that need...
Comparative analysis of local populations’ perceptions of socio-economic determinants of vegetation degradation in sudano-guinean area in Benin (West Africa)
July 2011
Perceptions of socio-economic determinants of the vegetation degradation were studied in the district of Djidja, located in the Sudano-Guinean area in Benin. The socio-economic surveys aimed to collect perceptions of farmers, ranchers, loggers and charcoal producers on socio-economic determinants of degradation of vegetation cover. These perceptions have been analysed by factorial analysis. By decreasing...
Harvesting and marketing of Massularia species in Cameroon and Nigeria
June 2011
The forest, besides timber, contains many useful goods and services of subsistence and commercial value called Non Timber Forest Products (NTFPs). Falconer defines NTFPs as all forest goods and services, excluding commercial timber, that sustain rural people and rural economies. Massularia species as an NTFP is the stem of an ever green perennial shrub from the...
Reproductive mechanisms and pollen characterization in some accessions of an underutilized legume: (Sphenostylis stenocarpa Hochst Ex. A. Rich) harms
June 2011
Studies on flowering, pollen, pod and seed characters, germination rate and seed set percentage were carried out on twenty five accessions of African Yam Bean (AYB). Self compatibility tests confirmed all the accessions as obligate selfers, while the reciprocal crosses were not successful. Germination rate, percentage seed set and pollen fertility were observed to be high in the accessions. Correlation...
Interrelation among coral reef and sea-grass habitats in the Gulf of Mannar
June 2011
The Gulf of Mannar consists of ecologically sensitive important habitats such as: coral reef and seagrass. Though each has its own function and importance, two are closely interrelated and supporting each others in function. The majority of the reefs are formed around the 21 islands, while vast sea grass beds are seen in the shoreward side of each islands. In most cases the sea grasses bordering the coral...
Protection of some rare and endangered vegetable plants in the flora of the Nakhichevan AR
June 2011
This research work is dedicated to the status evaluation in accordance with categories and criteria adopted in the international scale (IUCN) of some valuable species that are rare and thethreatened ones in Nakhichevan flora. An evaluation was carried out on 14 species that are being decreased in the region and the results are as follows: Bilacunaria microcarpa -...
Habitat characteristics and threat factors of the rare and endangered Prunus africana (Hook. f.) Kalkman in Nyanga National Park, Zimbabwe
June 2011
One of the three known remnant populations of the rare Prunus africana is found in Nyanga National Park. The objective of this study was to use adaptive cluster sampling and a rapid ecological assessment to collect information on the abundance, regeneration, habitat characteristics and threat factors of P. africana which is important in the conservation of the species. A total of...
An overview of shifting cultivation with reference to Nepal
May 2011
Shifting cultivation is a form of land use among resource poor communities with a rotation of cultivation and fallow in the same unit of land. Millions of indigenous people are dependent on shifting cultivation practice, with majority households for subsistence living. This practice is in transition these days with rising population of shifting cultivators and demand for more food. This paper provides a...
No chilling obligation for germination in seeds of Arnebia benthamii: A critically endangered alpine medicinal plant of north-west Himalaya
May 2011
Arnebia benthamii (Wall. ex G.Don.) Johnst., Boraginaceae, is an important Himalayan alpine herb with tremendous medicinal properties. The species is facing the pressure of overexploitation and is ranked as a critically endangered species. In an effort to develop a strategy to conserve and cultivate the species, the present study of in vitro seed germination was carried out. The...
Farmers' perception of leopard (Panthera pardus) conservation in a human dominated landscape in northern Ethiopian highlands
May 2011
Attitudes toward leopard (Panthera pardus) conservation were surveyed in two sub districts; May Anbesa (relatively high leopard density area) and Egriwonber (area with no leopard) in the northern Ethiopian highlands. This district is a completely human dominated landscape, where conflict has manifested in terms of livestock depredation. Spotted hyena (Crocuta crocuta), leopard...
Macroinvertebrate assemblages as biological indicators of pollution in a Central Himalayan River, Tawi (J&K)
May 2011
Benthic macroinvertebrate assemblages at sub-tropical River of Jamu, River Tawi, corresponding to different catchment land uses, were assessed in 2008 to 2009 as indicators of water quality. The relative diversity, species richness, dominance, evenness indices, physico-chemical parameters and percentage of Annelida + Arthropoda + Mollusca (AAM) individuals were determined. Significant spatio-temporal...
Buxus wallichiana L., a multipurpose Himalayan tree in peril
May 2011
The family Buxaceae, best represented by the species Buxus wallichiana is known worldwide for its manifold uses. Therefore, an attempt has been made to assess the current status and utilization pattern in Jammu and Kashmir region. Generally, Buxus is used for making wood craft, fuel, and fodder and for other purposes. Due to over exploitation of this species, the natural...
Perception of people towards lions and other wildlife killing humans, around Selous Game Reserve, Tanzania
April 2011
Conflicts between humans and wild animals play an important role in shaping conservation paradigm and perception of local people towards different species of wildlife. The most common problem presented by wildlife to humans includes crop damage, attacking and killing human, spreading of diseases and destruction of water sources. In Tanzania, attacks of humans by large carnivores especially lions is a growing...
Pests of Vanilla (Vanilla planifolia Andrews) and their natural enemies in Tamil Nadu, India
April 2011
Investigations were made from April 2004 to March 2005 in Coimbatore and Theni districts of Tamil Nadu to record the pest status of vanilla and their natural enemies. A total of seven arthropods, seven gastropods and two invertebrates were recorded as pests of vanilla. Out of 60 farms surveyed, only nine had the incidence of pest attack. Among the pests, white grubs and Giant African Snail were found to cause...
Hydrobiological parameters, population density and distribution pattern in the gastropod Nerita (dostia) crepidularia Lamarck, 1822, from mangroves of Vellar estuary, Southeast India
April 2011
In the present study, the seasonal variation in physic-chemical parameters, population density and distribution pattern of Nerita crepidularia in the mangroves of Vellar estuary, Tamil Nadu was studied for a period of one year (January to December). The physico-chemical parameters such as temperature (atmospheric and water), pH, salinity, dissolved oxygen and rainfall were estimated. The atmospheric...
Role of auxin on adventitious root formation and subsequent growth of cutting raised plantlets of Ginkgo biloba L.
April 2011
Role of some auxins, indol-3-butyric acid (IBA) and α-naphthalene acetic acid (NAA) has been examined for their stimulatory effects on adventitious root formation in stem cuttings of Ginkgo biloba as well as on subsequent growth and survival of these cutting raised plantlets. Lower concentration of IBA (10.0 µM) was found to be the most effective treatment as it not only...
Plant composition and growth of wild Coffea arabica: Implications for management and conservation of natural forest resources
April 2011
The montane rainforests of Ethiopia are the only places of origin and genetic diversity for Coffea arabica species. These natural forest areas with the occurrence of wild coffee gene pools are however under constant threats, largely due to anthropogenic activities. The study aims to determine the variability in plant compositions and growth of wild Coffea arabica trees in the natural...
Impact of land use types on population structure and extent of bark and foliage harvest of Afzelia africana and Pterocarpus erinaceus in Eastern Burkina Faso
March 2011
In the West African Sudanian regions, people depend on natural products, especially on highly valued species as source of income, fuel wood, food, medicine, fodder for livestock etc. However, land-use management coupled with unsustainable uses of highly valued trees might jeopardize the long-term viability of some species’ populations. Thus, we compared the population structures of two...
Evaluation of agromorphological variability of Argan tree under different environmental conditions in Morocco: Implication for selection
March 2011
In order to identify promising wild argan trees (Argania spinisa L. Skeels), with high oil content and facilitated of crushing seeds, as a part of domestication and breeding programs, seventy five candidate plus trees were chosen from different eco-geographical regions in the southwest of Morocco. Based on several biometric characters describing trees and their fruits, uni and multivariate analysis of...
Biochemical studies on Plantago major L. and Cyamopsis tetragonoloba L.
March 2011
Plantago major (seeds and leaves) and Cyamopsis tetragonoloba (guar beans( were analyzed for general chemical components including, fatty acids and amino acids. Guar beans had high contents of proteins, fats and total hydrolysable carbohydrates. Plantagoleaves high percentage of linolenic acid was characterized by 56.19%. While, P. majorseeds and Guar beans had high...
Generic relationship among Cassia L., Senna Mill. and Chamaecrista Moench using RAPD markers
March 2011
Generic relationships were examined among twenty-four species belonging to genusCassia L., Senna Mill. and Chamaecrista Moench using RAPD marker. Total 80 primers were initially screened, 514 amplification products obtained with 38 informative primers, of which 514 were polymorphic. A vary high degree of polymorphism (100%) was observed among them. UPGMA cluster analysis of genetic...
Multivariate analysis of Harpagophytum DC. ex Meisn (Pedaliaceae) based on fruit characters
March 2011
Harpagophytum is bitypic and native to Southern Africa. Its two species areHarpagophytum procumbens and H. zeyheri. H. procumbens is medicinal. A reliable method of identifying the species is through its fruit. However, distinguishing between H. procumbens and H. zeyheri can be difficult because of the various morphotypes. Hence, possibilities of introgression are...
Conservation status of the critically endangered and endangered species in the Nandiar Khuwar catchment District Battagram, Pakistan
February 2011
This paper communicates the vascular plant diversity and problems associated with the conservation of flora of Nandiar Khuwar, District Battagram-Pakistan. Floristically, the area is placed in the Western Himalayan Province. It is located on the western edge of Himalaya, dominated by Sino-Japanese vegetation. A total of 37 taxa were reported which includes 14 critically endangered and 23 endangered species....
Diversity of lichens in Kollihills of Tamil Nadu, India
February 2011
An enumeration of 48 species belonging to 23 genera and 12 families of lichens from Kollihills, Namakkal District of Tamil Nadu is provided. Species of the lichen generaHeterodermia, Parmotrema and Pertusaria dominates the area. Key words: Lichens, Kollihills, Easternghats, India.
Plant domestication and its contributions to in situ conservation of genetic resources in Benin
February 2011
All over the world, plant domestication is continually being carried out by local communities to support their needs for food, fibre, medicine, building materials, etc. Using participatory rapid appraisal approach, 150 households were surveyed in 5 villages (Aglamidjodji, Banon, Batia, Gbédé and Korontière) selected in five ethnic groups of the two contrasting agroecological zones (arid...
Identification of mitochondrial cytochrome B haplotypes by single strand conformation polymorphism in Phlebotomus chabaudi Croset, Abonnenc and Rioux, 1970 (Diptera, Psychodidae)
February 2011
Single strand conformation polymorphism (SSCP) was used to recognize the presence of P. (Paraphlebotomus) chabaudi Croset, Abonnenc and Rioux, 1970 haplotypes of Tunisianspecimens; these were verified subsequently by sequencing the polymerase chain reaction products. The designed primers amplified a 545 pb fragment including the 3’ end of mitochondrial cytochrome b (cyt...
Ownership structure of protected areas influences the patterns of seed removal by mammals
January 2011
In Mexico, nature reserves vary greatly in the size of the property, administration, financial budget and measures to protect against land use change and illegal hunting. We compared two private and two public reserves and observed an influence between the ownership structure and the patterns of removal of large and small seeds from the forest floor by medium-sized mammals and rodents. We hypothesized that...
Page 12 of 14, showing 50 records out of 679 total, starting on record 551, ending on 600
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