Yeasts in the mammary environment of the cattle in the region of Sidi M’hammed Ben Ali, Wilaya of Relizane, Algeria
June 2014
Mastitis is one of the principal pathologies in the dairy bovine exploitation. Most of the cases are caused by bacteria, but some are caused by fungi. The objective of our study was to evaluate the occurrence of these fungi in mammary glands of 39 cows (mastitic and clinically healthy cows) belonging to two farms (four exploitations using manual milking and three exploitations using milking...
Antibiotic-resistant Staphylococcus aureus isolated from mobile phone and hands of Health care workers in the Hawassa referral Hospital, South Ethiopia
June 2014
A swab of mobile phone and hands of health care workers (HCWs) were examined to determine the prevalence of Staphylococcus aureus (SA), different antibiotic resistant pattern were determined in a cross-sectional study design. The objective of this study was to isolate S. aureus from samples of mobile phone and hands of HCWs from Hawassa Referral Hospital and to determine their antibiotic resistant patterns. A...
Antibacterial activity of honey: A review of honey around the world
March 2014
Nectar is a natural product collected by bees from which honey is produced. Honey possesses antibacterial activity and is classified as peroxide and non-peroxide components. The contribution of these components is discussed briefly to ascertain their contribution to the antibacterial activity. Data of origin and floral sources of honey and antimicrobial activity against different bacteria species are summarized. It was...
Characterization of antifungal compounds produced by Pseudomonas stutzeri (EGB3) isolated from gut of earthworm (Eisenia foetida)
March 2014
Strain EGB3 was isolated from the gut of earthworm fed with sterile soil and identified as Pseudomonas stutzeri on the basis of biochemical tests and by comparison of 16S rDNA sequences. This bacterium exhibits a broad-spectrum antifungal activity towards soil borne phytopathogenic fungi (Fusarium oxysporum, Fusarium solani, Fusarium moniliformae, Fusarium udum, Macrophomena phaseolina, Rhizoctonia solani,...
Antimicrobial activities of blinding tree, Excoecaria agallocha against selected bacterial pathogens
February 2014
In aquaculture, the occurrence of bacterial resistance to synthetic antibiotics has become a serious problem. Therefore, research has been focused on finding new antimicrobial antibiotics from natural products to replace synthetic antibiotics. The aim of this study was to investigate the antimicrobial properties of mangrove plant blinding tree Excoecaria agallocha against selected fish pathogens namely Flavobacterium...
Assessment of bacteriological contaminants of some vegetables irrigated with Awash River water in selected farms around Adama town, Ethiopia
February 2014
Food safety issues are of growing concern to consumers globally because of the risk associated with consumption of foods contaminated with pathogens in irrigated vegetables. The study was conducted to assess the extent of bacterial contamination of vegetables due to irrigation with polluted Awash River water. Three leafy vegetable samples, namely, cabbage (Brassica oleracea L. var. capitata), lettuce (Lactuca sativa L....
Antimicrobial susceptibility and sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE) typing of Gram negative bacteria isolated from urinary tract infections in Mansoura, Egypt
February 2014
The aim of the study was to determine the resistance patterns of Gram negative bacterial isolates recovered from patients suffering from urinary tract infections (UTIs) in Mansoura university hospitals, Egypt and also to investigate their epidemiological relatedness using sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE) technique. The most prevalent etiological agents of UTIs were the Gram-negative...
The use of Lycopersicum esculentum Mill. leaves extract against the survival of fungi
January 2014
In this study, the antifungal fraction of Lycopersicum esculentum Mill. leaves extract was evaluated for its effect against biomass and cell viability of three strains of Aspergillus (Aspergillus fumigatus, Aspergillus flavus and Aspergillus nidulans). The results obtained show a reduction of the RNA concentration representing the biomass with the increase of the antifungal fraction content in the medium. Indeed, the...
AmpC beta-lactamase production among Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Proteus mirabilis isolates at the Komfo Anokye Teaching Hospital, Kumasi, Ghana
January 2014
Extended spectrum β-lactamases (ESBLs) are frequently reported in Ghana, but AmpC bacteria reports are scanty. This study determines the prevalence of AmpC Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Proteus mirabilis clinical isolates at the Komfo Anokye Teaching Hospital (KATH), Kumasi, where ESBL and AmpC are not routinely tested. Non-duplicate 245 isolates comprising 187 (76.3%) P. aeruginosa and 58 (23.7%) P. mirabilis were...
Investigation of the antimicrobial and hemolytic activity of venom of some Egyptian scorpion
January 2014
Leuirus quinquestriatus, Androctonus amoreuxi and Androctonus australis are venomous scorpion in Egypt. Their venom is complex mixture of salts, neurotoxins, peptides and proteins which has therapeutic applications, and can rapidly kill a broad range of microbes. Estimations of total proteins of the venom indicated that L. quinquestriatus had the highest value than the others (10.64 ± 0.04). Hemolytic activity of...
Detection of anti-salmonella antibodies by Immunochromatographic assay at Rajshahi Medical College, Bangladesh
November 2013
The public health burden of typhoid fever can be substantially reduced by early diagnosis and appropriate antibiotic therapy. This study was conducted in an attempt to assess the reliability of immunochromatographic test (ICT) for the early diagnosis of typhoid fever. Immunochromatographic test to detect IgM, IgG or combined IgM/IgG in serum in 1st week of fever was done for the diagnosis of typhoid fever. Blood samples...
The effect of chloroquine phosphate on the pharmacodyanmic activity of ampicillin trihydrate against Staphylococcus aureus
November 2013
The effect of chloroquine phosphate on the pharmacodyanmic activity of ampicillin trihydrate against Staphylococcus aureus NCTC 6571 was investigated using physicochemical and microbiological assay techniques. The physicochemical method was thin layer chromatography and ultraviolet spectrophotometry in a condition simulating normal body temperature and pH. The microbiological assay compared the zones of inhibition of S....
Vernodalinol isolated from Struchium sparganophora (Linn) Asteraceae
October 2013
Chemical investigation of anti-microbial and anti-fungal components of the leaves of Struchium sparganophora through the application of vacuum liquid chromatogtaphy (VLC), column liquid chromatography (CLC) and preparative thin layer chromatography (PTLC) resulted in isolation of a sesquiterpene lactone, vernodalinol. This compound was subjected to anti-fungal and cytotoxic tests. It exhibited a significant antifungal...
Biological properties of brittle star Ophiocnemis marmorata collected from Parangipettai, Southeast coast of India
October 2013
The classes Ophiuroidea (Brittle stars) and Asteroids (sea stars) belonging to phylum, Echinodermata are characterized by their toxic saponins content. The aim of the present observation was to study the antimicrobial, hemolytic and cytotoxic properties of crude extracts from Ophiocnemis marmorata. The antimicrobial activity of ethanol extract showed maximum zone of inhibition against Staphylococcus aureus (7.0 mm)...
Probiotics and controversies
September 2013
Probiotics are bacteria with potential health enhancing and curing effects and are generally used for treating various forms of diarrheal diseases. The increasing use of probiotics is getting controversial both in terms of efficacy and potential side effects, as there is no conclusive study on the optimal dose and product formulation of probiotics. Key words: Probiotics, living microorganisms, bacteria
Plasmid profile of human Escherichia coli isolated from five major geopolitical zones of Nigeria
September 2013
Plasmid exchange between different strains of bacteria of the same species or different strains of different species is a recognized source for the rapid spread of antimicrobial resistance. In this study, 89 human isolates of Escherichia coli from five major geopolitical zones of Nigeriawere isolated and tested against 14 antibiotics by the disk diffusion method. Resistance plasmids were...
Virulence determination of bacterial isolates through culture in India ink including broth
August 2013
Virulency is the degree of pathogenicity exhibited by most of the pathogens and it is a measure that effectively differentiates pathogenic and non-pathogenic strains. In the present study, culture of bacteria for 10 to 12 h (overnight) at 37°C in 10% India ink included broth that can be used as marker test for initial virulence identification while screening a number of bacterial isolates. These results...
A Mathematical approach for describing the dependence between organic matter content and pH value in some waste water
August 2013
Water pollution is a major problem in the world, which can turn our precious earth into abyss. Waste water contains so many pollutants like inorganic and organic matter. Waste water decreases the pH of water. Pollution has high organic matter per-cent, with neutral pH and low salinity. We aimed to explain such a problem mathematically using an exponential method, which can be used to eliminate pollution from...
Dynamics of phytoplankton succession in Tungabhadra River near Harihar, Karnataka (India)
July 2013
There has been a serious concern about declining water quality in the rivers and streams since 1960. Wide varities of pollutants have been reported to cause deterioration of water quality in rivers. Tungabhadra River in Karnataka is an important tributary of Krishna. It has a drainage area of 71,417 sq. km out of which 57,671 sq. km area lies in the state of Karnataka. The river covers the distance of...
Synthesis of simple molecules prepared as arginase inhibitors and evaluated against Leishmania amazonensis
July 2013
In this work, we synthesized substances and evaluated the potential leishmanicidal activity. Thirty-four (34) compounds from different chemical classes were selected for a simple synthesis in overall good yields, eight of which are not described in the literature. From the 34 compounds evaluated for preliminary leishmanicidal activity, three can be considered as prototypes for the development of...
Antifungal activity of Swietenia mahogany on Candida albicans and Cryptococcus neoformans
June 2013
The present study was carried out to evaluate the antifungal activities of aqueous and solvent extract of Swietenia mahogany which is used as a traditional folk medicine in India for the treatment of different infectious diseases and disorders. The antifungal activities of the extracts were tested against Cryptococcus neoformans and Candida albicans by disc diffusion assay and...
Bacterial activity of crude extracts of Vernonia amygdalina on clinical isolates
June 2013
The antibacterial activities and preliminary phytochemical screening of ethanolic and aqeous extract of Vernonia amygdalina was performed against clinical isolates obtained from University of Ilorin Teaching Hospital (UITH) which included Escherichia coil, Staphylococcus aureus andPseudomonas aeruginosa. Generally, the ethanol extracts showed more activities than aqueous...
In vitro synergistic activity of amikacin combined with subinhibitory concentration of tigecycline against extended spectrum β-lactamase-producing Klebsiella pneumoniae
May 2013
The number of extended-spectrum β-lactamases-producing Klebsiella pneumoniae (ESBL-KP) strains is constantly increasing. This is of great concern in human healthcare around the world. In this study, we aimed to evaluate the antimicrobial activity of amikacin-tigecycline combination against six tigecycline-resistant ESBL-KP clinical isolates using disc diffusion method, checkerboard titration...
Assessment of the antimicrobial properties of fractions obtained from bryophytes
May 2013
Water, ethanol and acetone extracts were obtained from 10 selected bryophytes (seven mosses and three liverworts) viz: Radula flacida, Cyatodium africanum, Frullania spongiosa, Thuidium gratum, Ectropothecium aeruginosum, Sematophyllum caespitosum, Stereophyllum radiculosum, Babula lamberenensis, Campilopus aspericuspis and Calymperes erosum. A total of 24 fractions of various colors...
Ciprofloxacin resistance among members of Enterobacteriaceae family in Lafia, Nasarawa State, Nigeria
April 2013
Members of the Enterobacteriaceae family cause serious health problems of plants, animals and humans. Although Ciprofloxacin is known to be a very effective and a commonly used drug in the treatment of Enterobacteriaceae infections, an increasing trend of resistance to the drug has been noted. Consequently this resistance leads to failure in treatment, increased morbidity, mortality and...
Molecular characterization of a transferable blaCTX-M-28 gene in clinical isolates of Enterobacter cloacae
April 2013
The extended-spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL) producing phenotype is frequent amongEnterobacter cloacae isolates at the Military Hospital of Tunis, Tunisia. We identified the ESBLs of a collection of these strains showing a particular extended-spectrum cephalosporin resistance profile characterized by a higher level of resistance to cefotaxime. These isolates were analyzed by antibiotic susceptibility...
Ridding Phytophthora palmivora cultures of contamination by Colletotrichum gloeosporioides
March 2013
0, 75, 100, 125 and 150 ppm a.i. concentrations of benomyl in Green Cocoa Mucilage Agar (GCMA) plates were evaluated for suppression of Colletotrichum gloeosporioides inPhytophthora palmivora plates contaminated by C. gloeosporioides. To do this, GCMA plates amended with the above concentrations of benomyl were seeded with mycelia plugs from a contaminated P....
Nasal carriage of methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus and its antibiotic susceptibility pattern in adult hospitalized patients and medical staff in some hospitals in Cameroon
March 2013
Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) have evolved as a major health care-acquired pathogen worldwide during the last three decades. A prospective study was carried out to ascertain the prevalence of nasal carriage of MRSA in health care workers and in hospitalized adult patients and their antibiotic susceptibility profile in Cameroon. The bacterial strains were identified by...
Evaluation of the antibacterial effects of essential oil from the leaves of Laurus nobilis L. in Kerman Province
February 2013
The antibacterial activity of the essential oil of Laurus nobilis L. on human pathogenic bacteria by disc diffusion method via average inhibition zone was studied. The chemical composition of the essential oil of the leaves of L. nobilis L. (Lauraceae) were obtained by hydrodistillation method and analyzed by gas...
Vancomycin resistant coagulase-negative Staphylococcal isolates from HIV positive patients in the Limpopo Province, South Africa
February 2013
Coagulase-negative staphylococci (CNS) are a major cause of nosocomial infection, especially in critically ill and immunocompromised patients. CNS is usually a multi-drug resistant and glycopeptide antibiotics that have been considered to date, the drug of choice for treatment. The aim of this study was to characterize CNS with reduced susceptibility to glycopeptides isolated from the respiratory tract of HIV...
Antibacterial activity of Saudi honey against Gram negative bacteria
January 2013
The antibacterial activity of local Sidr and Mountain Saudi honeys against Escherichia coli,Klebsiella pneumoniae, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Acinetobacter baumannii were evaluated. Disc diffusion method, gel diffusion method, minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC)and minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) values were used in this investigation. The findings indicated...
Isolation of potent antibiotic producing Actinomycetes from marine sediments of Andaman and Nicobar Marine Islands
January 2013
A total of six isolates of Actinomycetes were collected from marine sediments of Andaman Islands. Each isolate was tested against five pathogenic bacteria and also against some pathogenic fungi. Among the six isolates, one of the isolates showed potent activity against all the bacteria and fungi. These isolates appear to produce high anti-fungal and anti-bacterial compounds on potato dextrose agar and...
Anti-Leishmania donovani antibodies enhance promastigotes internalization into host macrophage
December 2012
Leishmania spp. promastigotes preferentially infect host macrophages, where parasite internalization is facilitated by several host and parasite surface molecules. This study aimed to demonstrate the role of humoral immunity in Leishmania parasite internalization into host macrophages. First, informed consent sera were obtained from 67 parasitologically confirmed visceral...
Phosphorus removal from Nigeria’s Agbaja iron ore by solubilization with Eurotium herbariorum
December 2012
Phosphorus is an unwanted component of iron ore. Its removal from Nigeria’s Agbaja iron ore by solubilization with Eurotium herbariorum isolated from the ore samples has been achieved using the submerged culture technique. Result obtained shows 61.48% removal of P in 10 weeks through the biomass growth and activities of the filamentous fungus. The biomass dry weight of the...
In-vitro evaluation of the anti-bacterial properties of crude extracts of Dorstenia mannii (Moraceae)
November 2012
Bacterial resistance to classical antibiotics nowadays is becoming a health concern in Cameroon. Patients suffering from bacteria attack spend money to carry out laboratory tests for effective diagnosis, with very little positive results. This is due to the fact that most of our hospitals lack the up to date laboratory equipments, to detect the real antibiotic that will kill a particular bacterium. This has...
Green synthesis of silver nanoparticles using Ocimum sanctum (Tulashi) and study of their antibacterial and antifungal activities
November 2012
In the present research program, cost effective and environment friendly silver nanoparticles were synthesized from the leaf extract of Ocimum sanctum, as reducing agent. The nanoparticles were characterized by using UV-visble, SEM and XRD methods. The absorption peak at 430 nm broadens with increase in time indicating the polydispersity nature of the nano particles. The SEM image showed relatively spherical...
Microbiological risk factors for acute coronary syndrome
November 2012
Many seroepidemiological studies have suggested that infection with Chlamydophila pneumoniae, Helicobacter pylori, and Cytomegalovirus can initiate or maintain the atherosclerotic process. The aim of this study was to evaluate the probable relationship between serum titers of some infectious agents and the occurrence of acute coronary artery syndrome. This is a hospital based case-control study, cases...
A survey of antibiotic-producing actinomycetes in the soil environment of Keffi metropolis, Nasarawa State, Nigeria
October 2012
The soil environment is a vast reservoir that harbours microorganisms that represent virtually all the microbial groups including actinomycetes. An investigation was carried out to determine the species of antibiotic-producing actinomycetes found in the soil environment of Keffi Metropolis, Nasarawa State, Nigeria. Soil samples were obtained from ten different locations of Keffi town...
Studies on the intestinal bacterial flora of tilapia Oreochromis mossambicus (Peters, 1852) and optimization of alkaline protease by Virgibacillus pantothenticus
October 2012
The intestinal bacterial flora of the fish Oreochromis mossambicus and optimization of alkaline protease production was carried out in this study. The fish, tilapia were collected from the Buckingham canal and were segregated into four size groups namely, 5 to 8, 9 to 12, 13 to 16 and 17 to 20 cm. The maximum number of gut bacteria (2.5×106 Cfu/g ml-1) was enumerated in 5-8 cm group of fish and minimum...
Occurrence and implications of resistance to antibiotics and organic acids in Enterococcus faecalis isolated from fruit juices marketed in Ado-Ekiti
April 2012
The study investigated the growth of Enterococcus faecalis in various fruit juice products, their resistance to antibiotics and their ability to be grown in the presence of most organic acids commonly employed as preservatives. E. faecalis strains were isolated from seven out of nine fruit juices using serial dilution and pour plate method. The total bacterial counts observed in the juice...
Antioxidant activity of extract from the leaves of Tylophora asthmatica
April 2012
Extract from the leaves of Tylophora asthmatica were investigated for antioxidant activity. The methanolic extract of T. asthmatica had a 2, 2 diphenyl 1-1-picryl hydiazyl (DPPH) scavenging activity of 84.6% at 250 μg/ml and a reductive potential of 0.77% at 100 μg/ml. These values were comparable with those of Gallic acid, 91.4% at 250 μg/ml and ascorbic acid, 0.79% at 60...
Serotypes and antibiotypes of Salmonella isolated at the University Teaching Hospital of Yopougon, Abidjan, Cote d’Ivoire from 2005 to 2009
February 2012
Salmonella are responsive of gastroenteritis or bacteremia through fecal-oral transmission.Salmonella are also incriminated in meningitis particularly in patients with immune deficiency. The emergence of new serotypes and antibiotic resistance in Salmonella is a public health concern in developing countries. The aim of this study is to determine Salmonella serotypes circulated in the...
A correlation study between clinical manifestations of dengue fever and the degree of liver injury
February 2012
Dengue virus caused an extensive epidemic in Portsudan, Red Sea State, Sudan extending from July to December 2009. The acute presentation, regarding liver injury, varies from mild or even no hepatitis to sever or even fulminant hepatic failure. Therefore, we measured the levels of liver enzymes, prothrombin time (PT), creatinin in dengue infection and compare them to the clinical presentation of the...
Does treatment of African trypanosomosis, Ganoderma applanatum holds any hope? Findings from a preliminary analysis in Nigeria
February 2012
Treatment of African trypanosomosis is becoming difficult due to the increasing wave of treatment failure occasioned by drug resistance of Trypanosoma brucei species. This study was therefore set up to assess the antitrypanosomal potential of extracts from a mushroom with acclaimed wide medicinal properties. Aqueous extracts of Ganoderma applanatum were obtained using hot water extraction...
Group B streptococcus infection and diabetes: A review
January 2012
Streptococcus agalactiae, a group B streptococcus (GBS), has been considered to be a major pathogen in neonates and pregnant women. Recently, there is accumulating concern about its significance for pathogenesis in non-pregnant adult patients. Diabetes is one of the most important underlying diseases for the development of GBS infection. This review will focus on the risk factors and clinical manifestations...
Systematic variations in drug resistance among some enteric gram-negative bacilli isolated from humans and sewage
January 2012
This work was designed to undertake a comparative analysis of the drug resistance pattern of enteric bacteria isolated from humans and those isolated from the multifarious microbial environments of the sewage. Human and sewage isolates of enteric Gram-negative bacilli were examined for resistance to ten antibacterial agents. A total of 2400 bacterial isolates (from human n = 1404, and sewage n = 996) isolated...
Isolation of Lactobacillus plantarum from cow milk and screening for the presence of sugar alcohol producing gene
January 2012
Lactobacillus plantarum, was isolated from cow milk, characterized by partial 16S rRNA gene sequencing and phenotypic features and resoluted for the presence of bacteriocin and their activity against pathogenic organism. The organism showed very strong activity againstStreptococcus faecalis and strong activity against Bacillus mycoides, Klebsiella pnuemoniae,Staphylococcus...
Evaluation of botanicals as biopesticides on the growth of Fusarium verticillioides causing rot diseases and fumonisin production of maize
January 2012
Partially (Pp) and completely purified (Cp) methanolic extracts of leaves of Cassia alata,Cymbopogon citratus (lemongrass), Mangifera indica (mango), Carica papaya (pawpaw),Citrus limon (lemon), fruits of Xylopia aethiopica, seeds of Aframomum melegueta (alligator pepper), Citrus aurantifolia (lime), Garcinia kola (bitter kola), Piper...
Searching for new antileishmanial lead drug candidates: Synthesis, biological and theoretical evaluations of promising thieno[2,3-b]pyridine derivatives
January 2012
Cutaneous leishmaniasis is a parasitic disease associated with high morbidity and mortality rates. This work reports the synthesis, biological and theoretical evaluations of a new antileishmanial series of 5-(4,5-dihydro-1H-imidazol-2-yl)-4-(arylamino)thieno[2,3-b]pyridine derivatives - 3 (H), 3a (m-CH3), 3b (m-OCH3), 3c (m-NO2), 3d (m-F), 3e (m-Br), 3f (p-CH3), 3g (p-OCH3), 3h (p-NO2), 3i (p-F), 3j...
Choices of drugs for self-treatment of malaria among adult women in a Nigerian city: Implications for the success of the ongoing ‘roll back’ malaria programme
September 2011
Correct knowledge of current antimalarial drugs available for malaria treatment by Nigerians has a significant impact on the overall success of the ongoing national malaria control programme. This is as a result of a large segment of the communities, who more often than not, rely on self medications or as care givers influence the choice drugs for malaria treatment for their wards....
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