A review of plants of genus Leucas
March 2011
Plants of genus Leucas (Lamiacae) are widely used in traditional medicine to cure many diseases such as cough, cold, diarrhoea and inflammatory skin disorder. A variety of phytoconstituents has been isolated from the Leucas species which include lignans, flavonoids, coumarins, steroids, terpenes, fatty acids and aliphatic long chain compounds. Anti-inflammatory, analgesic, antidiarrhoeal,...
Phytomedicine: An ancient approach turning into future potential source of therapeutics
March 2011
Phytomedicine obtained from herbal sources are in great demand in the developed world as they are able to cure many infectious diseases. These plant based drugs provide outstanding contribution to modern therapeutics. The natural medicine are attracting renewed attention from both practical and scientific view points, but the mode of action of folk herbal medicines and related products from nature is even more complex...
Antidiarrhoeal activity of aqueous leaf extract of Momordica charantia in rats
January 2011
Momordica charantia Linn (Cucurbitaceae) is a medicinal herb, whose common name bitter melon, has been reported to possess antidiabetic property. However, its antidiarrhoeal potential is still unknown. The antidiarrhoeal activity of aqueous leaf extract of M. charantia (MC) was evaluated on castor oil-induced diarrhoea, gastrointestinal transit, intestinal fluid accumulation and gastric emptying in rats....
In vitro antioxidant activities of total flavonoids extracts from leaves and stems of Adenia lobata (Jacq.) Engl. (Passifloraceae)
January 2011
Oxidant stress is implied in numerous illnesses as a triggering factor or partner to their complications. The present work aimed to determine the antioxidant activity of total flavonoids extracts from A. lobata and to identify the molecules that are supposed to be responsible for this activity. The crude extracts, obtained by maceration in 70% (v/v) aqueous methanol, have...
Antimicrobial properties of protein extracts from wild mushroom fungi and native plant species against hospital pathogens
December 2010
Protein extracts of either native or exotic rare mushroom fungi and plants that are normally known for novel therapeutics including immune modulation were investigated for their potential antimicrobial effects. Data obtained using the Kirby-Bauer’s disc-diffusion assay methods showed that a number of locally sourced wild mushroom fungi (e.g. Ganoderma resinaceum, Russula...
Bioautographic determination of the antistaphylococcal components of the stem bark of Parkia biglobosa (JACQ) BENTH (MIMOSACEAE)
December 2010
Bioautography, a scientific method which combines chromatography with bioassay was used to attempt to determine the bioactive components in the methanolic extract of the stem bark of Parkia biglobosa.Results obtained confirmed 4 compounds of different Rf values. Each of them showed activity againstStaphylococcus confirming previous results reported and the method also showed the components were acting in...
In vitro assessments of antibacterial potential of Commiphora wightii (Arn.) Bhandari. gum extract
November 2010
The potential antibacterial efficacy of guggul gum was checked against six gram-positive and four Gram-negative bacterial strains. The antibacterial activity was assessed by agar well diffusion and two fold serial broth dilution methods. Gram-positive bacterial strains were found to be the most susceptible organisms compare to gram-negative towards guggul gum extract once. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC)...
Analyses of antisickling potency of Carica papaya dried leaf extract and fractions
November 2010
Carica papaya dried leaves have been indicated in sickle cell anemia management by local indigenous folk and in recent scientific research. In this research, dried C. papaya leaves were extracted using the soxhlet extraction method with 5 different solvents to give five different fractions namely hexane, chloroform, ethyl acetate, butanol and water. This research examined the crude extract and the various...
Chemical composition and immunological activities of polysaccharides isolated from the malian medicinal plant Syzygium guineense
October 2010
In Mali and other West African countries, the leaves of the tree Syzygium guineenseare utilized in the traditional medicine against various ailments such as wound healing, ulcers, diarrhoea, rheumatism and infections. The immune modulating activity may in part be conferred by pectic polysaccharides, which is a major constituent of the plant cell wall. Previous studies on pectic polysaccharides from the leaves of...
Comparative study of herbal medicine with allopathic medicine for the treatment of hyperuricemia
October 2010
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TLC phytochemical screening in some Nigerian Loranthaceae
July 2010
The phytochemical screening of specimens of the family Loranthaceae collected from the field was carried out with a view to ascertaining chemical constituents present and determining their importance in the taxonomic delimitation of the taxa. Thirty field collections from various localities were screened for secondary metabolites such as alkaloids, anthraquinones, terpenoids and ketones using thin layer...
Pharmacognostic study of male leaves of Trichosanthes dioica Roxb. with special emphasis on microscopic technique
July 2010
Today sophisticated modern research tools for evaluation of the plant drugs are available but microscopic method is one of the simplest and cheapest methods to start with for establishing the correct identity of the source materials. Pharmacognostic investigation of the fresh, powdered and anatomical sections of the leaves of Trichosanthes dioica Roxb was carried out to determine its macro- and microscopical...
In vitro evidence of anti-infective activity of crude aqueous extract obtained by boiling ripe stem-bark of Bridelia ferruginea Benth.
June 2010
The prevalence of multiple antibiotics resistance has prompted efforts to explore for more efficacious antimicrobial agents. The extract obtained by boiling the bark ofBridelia ferruginea Benth. is used traditionally for treating oral thrush called ‘Efu’. For this reason the in-vitro effectiveness and range of activities of crude extract obtained by boiling,...
Physico-chemical analysis of Ximenia americana L. seed oil and structure elucidation of some chemical constituents of its seed oil and fruit pulp
June 2010
In this study, fixed oil was extracted from the seeds of Ximenia americana. The study covered the percentage yield, physical and chemical properties of the extracted oil. The highest oil obtained was 51% w/v. The physical properties of the oil were found to be reactive index (1.477), density (0.9376 g/ml), boiling point (157°C) and viscosity 42 at 70°C and 227.58 at 25°C. The chemical properties...
Pharmacological and toxicological evaluation of Rhizophora mangle L., as a potential antiulcerogenic drug: Chemical composition of active extract
June 2010
Rhizophora mangle L. is a vegetal species widely distributed in Cuba and other Caribbean countries. This species is characterized by several ethnobotanical activities as antiseptic, astringent, as well for treating skin ulcers. In the present work, we describe a pharmacological, toxicological and chemical evaluation of this plant by its use in human medicine for the treatment of gastroduodenal ulcers. The acute...
Acylated triterpenoidal saponins and cytokinins from Gleditsia aquatica
April 2010
Two new bisdesmosidic triterpenoidal saponins acylated with one and two monoterpenoid units; aquaticoside A and B (1 and 2), two new cytokinins, aquaticine A and B (3 and 4), and one known cytokinin; adenosine (5), were isolated from the fruits of Gleditsia aquatica. Their structures were established by means of extensive 1D and 2D NMR studies and chemical degradation. Cytotoxicities (ED50) of various extracts and...
Argyreia speciosa Linn. f. : Phytochemistry, pharmacognosy and pharmacological studies
April 2010
Many herbal remedies have been employed in various medical systems for the treatment and management of different diseases. The plant, Argyreia speciosa Linn.f. (Syn: Argyreia nervosa) belongs to family convolvulaceae has been used in different system of traditional medication for the treatment of diseases and ailments of human beings. It is reported to contain various alkaloids, glycosides, falconoid...
Anti-diabetic effects of aqueous fruits extract of Diospyros lotus L. on streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats and the possible morphologic changes in the liver, kidney and heart
March 2010
The aim of this study was to assess hypoglycemic effect of aqueous fruits extract ofDiospyros lotus L. on streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats and the possible morphologic changes in the liver, kidney and heart. Diabetes mellitus was induced by a single intraperitoneal (IP) dose of 70 mg/kg of streptozotocin (STZ). Animals were post-treated with different doses of D. lotus L (500, 750, 1000 and 1500 mg/kg) by...
Bioactivity-directed separation of an anxiolytic fraction from Aethusa cynapium L.
March 2010
The present study has been designed to evaluate the putative anxiolytic activity of petroleum ether, chloroform, methanol and water extracts of the aerial parts ofAethusa cynapium using the widely accepted elevated plus-maze model in mice. An attempt has been made to isolate the bioactive fraction by resorting to bioactivity directed fractionation and chromatographic procedures like column and flash chromatography....
Analgesic and Anti-inflammatory activity of leaves of Rivea hypocrateriformis
January 2010
The ethanolic extract of the leaves of Rivea hypocrateriformis obtained by soxhlet extraction method was evaluated for analgesic action by Radiant Heat Tail Flick method and was tested for anti-inflammatory action by carrageenan induced paw edema. The ethanolic extract in doses of 200 and 400 mg/kg of Body weight showed 64.83 and 100% inhibition of paw edema, respectively at the end of three hours compared to that of...
Hypotensive effects of 3, 4-dihydroxybenzyaldehyde isolated from the stem bark of Musanga cecropioides.
January 2010
Previous works on the stem bark of Musanga cecropioides R. Brown (Moraceae) reported the hypotensive effects of aqueous extract at 10 - 40 mg/kg. This present work was carried out to examine the hypotensive effects of 3, 4-dihydroxybenzaldehyde isolated from the stem bark. Using pentobabitone sodium anaesthetized normotensive rabbits; the effects of the compound on blood pressure were tested at doses of 2.5 - 10 mg/kg....
Ethanolic extracts of seeds of Parinari curatellifolia exhibit potent antioxidant properties: A possible mechanism of its antidiabetic action
December 2009
The present study sought to evaluate the antioxidative property of seed of Parinari curatellifolia (P. curatellifolia) that has been previously reported to attenuate high glucose level in type 2 diabetes. The amount of antioxidant agents such as phenols, flavonoids, vitamin C and glutathione were determined in the ethanolic extracts of the seed. In addition, the possible antioxidant mechanisms of the extracts...
Pharmacognostical and phytochemical investigations of Moringa concanensis (Moringaceae) an ethno medicine of Nilgiris
December 2009
The plant Moringa concanensis Nimmo is a tree belongs to family Moringaceae locally known as Kattumurungai by tribal peoples of Nilgiris hill region in Tamilnadu. In view of its medicinal importance and taxonomic confusion, pharmacognostic studies, microscopical structure, morphological characters, chemical analysis and numerical values in epidermal study were carried out to supplement the necessary...
A study of the antibacterial activities of selected Australian medicinal plants
December 2009
The antibacterial activities of twenty six extracts from ten selected plants used in traditional Australian Aboriginal medicines have been investigated. The extracts were tested for growth inhibition of broth cultures of four gram-positive bacteria (S. Aureus, MRSA, B. subtilis and M. luteus), two gram-negative bacteria (S. typhimurium and E. coli) bacteria and yeast (C. albicans). Twenty three...
A review on prospects of essential oils as biopesticide in insect-pest management
November 2009
Plant essential oils in general have been recognized as an important natural source of pesticides. They represent a market estimated at US $ 700.00 millions and a total world production of 45000 tons. The genera capable of elaborating the compounds that constitute essential oils are distributed in a limited number of families but the widespread range of activities of essential oils is being considered for both...
Pharmacognostic profiles of bark of Careya arborea Roxb
November 2009
In the present study, we have carried out pharmacognostic evaluation of the bark of Careya arborea Roxb (Lecythidaceae). Initially, organoleptic evaluation was carried out followed by detail microscopical evaluation including the study of transverse section and microscopic characteristics of powdered bark of C. arborea (Lecythidaceae). Under physical evaluation; total ash, sulphated ash, water...
Antioxidant potential of aqueous leaf extract of Ageratum conyzoides Linn. in diabetic rats
October 2009
The antioxidant activity of aqueous extract of leaves of Ageratum conyzoides (AC) in the serum of male diabetic rats was evaluated using Ferric Reducing Antioxidant Power (FRAP) assays, by determination of malonadehydes, lipid hydroperoxydes and protein thiol groups. The plant extract was tested at doses of 100, 200 and 300 mg/kg on diabetic rats during three weeks of treatment; glibenclamide...
The antimicrobial activity of Croton membranaceus, a species used in formulations for measles in Ghana
October 2009
The antimicrobial activity of the methanolic root extract and compounds isolated from Croton membranaceus against the bacteria; Staphylococcus aureus,Bacillus subtilis, Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and fungi; Aspergillus niger and Candida albicans, using the agar diffusion and broth dilution techniques was studied in order to establish its possible usefulness in...
Effects of the aqueous extract of Ficus capensis Thunb. (Moraceae) leaf on gastrointestinal motility
September 2009
Medicinal plants have always played a great role in preventing, controlling and alleviating various disease conditions. Ficus capensis Thunb. (Moraceae) leaves have been reported in literatures to possess anti-diarrhea properties and have been used as such by herbal practitioners in some parts of Benue State, Nigeria. This work examined the preliminary phytochemical constituents of the plant part using...
Immunomodulatory activity of fruits of Randia dumetorum Lamk
September 2009
Randia dumetorum Lamk., a plant widely used in the traditional medicinal systems of India, has been reported to possess antiviral, antibacterial and anti-inflammatory activities. In present study, the attempt was made to screen immunomodulatory activity of methanol extract and its petroleum ether, chloroform, ethyl acetate and methanol fraction of fruits of R. dumetorum. The effects of R....
Effects of aqueous leaf extract of Cajanus cajan on litter size and serum progesterone in pregnant rats
August 2009
Aqueous leaf extract of Cajanus cajan is consumed by pregnant women in our locality. However, its effect on pregnancy has not been studied. C. cajan is known to contain genistein and diadzein which are potent phytoestrogens. We studied the effect of aqueous leaf extract of C. cajan on litter size and serum progesterone in pregnant rats. Oral administration of C. cajan on...
Hypoglycemic effect of Basella rubra in streptozotocin – induced diabetic albino rats
August 2009
Great efforts are ongoing in understanding and management of diabetes, the disease and disease-related complications are increasingly unabated. In spite of the presence of known antidiabetic medicine in the pharmaceutical market, remedies from medicinal plants are used with success to treat this disease. In the present investigation an attempt is made to study the beneficial effects of Basella rubra in...
Phytochemical and phytotherapeutic evaluation of Mallotus peltatus (Geist.) Muell. Arg. var acuminatus and Alstonia macrophylla wall ex A. DC: Two ethno medicine of Andaman Islands, India
July 2009
We have evaluated the phytochemical and bioactive nature of the leaves ofMallotus peltatus (Geist.) Muell. Arg. var acuminatus and Alstonia macrophyllaWall ex A. DC, the two major ethno medicines of the Onge, Nicobarese and other tribes of Andaman and Nicobar Islands, on the Bay of Bengal, India. Three major compounds were isolated from the polar fractions of the methanol extracts of Alstonia...
Formulation of health drinks using natural sweetener, its HPTLC method development and validation
July 2009
Ashwagandha, Tulsi, Mulethi, Awala, Shatavari, Gokharu, Arjun, Giloy, Safed musli, Kalimirchi, Haldi, Jaiphal was used as an active ingredients and aqueous extract of Stevia rebaudiana as natural sweetener with nutraceutical in health dinks. The product was developed by treating concentrates of each crude drug with purified water. TLC profile, HPTLC method development and validation were carried out...
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