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Reports from extensive surveys have indicated that about 70-80% of the world population; particularly in the developing countries rely on non-conventional medicine mainly of herbal origins for their primary health care. Correct identification and quality assurance of the starting materials are essential prerequisites to ensuring reproducible quality of herbal medicine which will contribute to its safety and efficacy. This...
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Plant part such asleaves, stems, branches, twigs, and roots possess different therapeutic functions and activities. Besides that, development stages, either young or mature could cause several effects to the bioactive compounds as well as the antioxidant properties of the plant. Thus, an experiment was conducted using a nested design, with three replications, involved young and mature development stages and three different...
ETHNOMEDICINAL EVALUATION OF SOME ANTIMALARIAL PLANTS USED IN ONDO STATE, NIGERIA
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The use of herbs and plant materials have always been popular in the treatment of febrile illness, and it has grown over time in malaria endemic areas. Structured questionnaires were administered in four towns in each of the three senatorial districts of Ondo state to know the most commonly used herbs and the results suggested Mango (Mangifera indica) Siam weed (Chromolaena odorata) and Guava (Psidium guajava) as most...
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Antifungal activity of the ethanolic extract of Alchornea cordifolia plant was evaluated both in vitro and in vivo against Aspergillus fumigatus, and Aspergillus terreus, mostly implicated in plant and animal fungal diseases. Antifungal potential of the extract were evaluated quantitatively in vitro using well diffusion method and in vivo by studying the survival rate of Drosophila melanogaster (Harwich) challenged with...
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Hyper pigmentation is skin disorders affect the color of skin that may require treatment. There are many chemical agents to treatment of hyper pigmentation such as hydroquinone, retinoids and other agents but do not satisfactory results and may be highly morbid. In addition to consumer prospective natural origin is more acceptable with mush less contraindication. Soybean derived peptides have demonstrated numerous...
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Plant-based foods have health benefits and minimal side effects than synthetic anti-diabetic agents. Therefore, this study evaluated nutritional and anti-hyperglycaemic efficacies of raw African star apple (RASA) and fermented African star apple seeds (FASA). Methodology: The RASA and FASA seeds were processed into flour, and nutritional qualities, antioxidative and antidiabetic activities in wistar rats were evaluated at...
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The stem bark of Piptadeniastrum africanum (Hook. F.) (syn. Piptadenia Africana) Brenan (Mimosaceae) is used in Cameroonian and Gabonese folk medicine for the relief of some painful sicknesses. This study was intended to evaluate the analgesic and anti-inflammatory activities of the aqueous extract of P. africanum. The analgesic investigations were carried out against acute noxious stimuli, that are chemical (acetic...
Ethno Botanical Perspective of Medicinal Plants in Mulkhow Valley District Upper Chitral, Pakistan
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This paper demonstrates the ethnobotanical perspectives of medicinal plant in Mulkhow valley, district Chitral. The main aim of this research work was to gather information to document the medicinal uses of plants in Mulkhow valley. The results of ethnobotanical perspective contain quantitative information of medicinal plants used by indigenous people in Mulkhow valley. The current study conducted between 2015 – 2016...
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Globally, medicinal plants have been used to treat different human ailments from time immemorial. In Kenya, various plants are used by local people in the treatment of various diseases.This is a common practice in Nandi county due to scarce health facilities in the region, traditional beliefs, cultural barriers and availability of medicinal plants. The objective of this study was to carry out an ethnobotanical survey to...
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Medicinal plants have bioactive compounds which are used for curing of various human diseases and also play an important role in healing. Phytochemicals have two categories. These are primary and secondary constituents. Primary constituents have chlorophyll, proteins sugar and amino acids. Secondary constituents contains like terpenoids, flavonoids, saponins, tannins, alkaloids, glycosides and phenols. Secondary...
Antibacterial and Antioxidant Compounds from the Tubers Extracts of Plectranthus edulis
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P. edulis is an indigenous plant which has been cultivated for its edible tuber. It is claimed to have antibacterial activity. But this was not supported by scientific investigation. Hence this work explores the antibacterial and antioxidant activities of extracts and isolated compounds from the tuber of P. edulis. The effects of the extracts and isolated compounds of tubers of P. edulis were evaluated against S. aureus,...
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Ethiopia has numerous plants that can be used as sources of medicine for those who cannot access modern health care. This study was conducted to document the indigenous knowledge and medicinal plants in and around Ambo town. The study was carried out from April to August 2018. A total of 49 participants were selected randomly from the representative kebeles. Twenty two medicinal plants were collected and documented based...
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Boscia senegalensis and Tapinanthus dodoneifolius are two plants mostly used by herders to treat animal diseases in the Far North Region of Cameroon. To evaluate the in vitro antibacterial, cytotoxic and antioxidant potentials of these plants. To achieve this, five extracts (water, methanol, chloroform and hexane) of both plants obtained by successive fractionation were used. Antibacterial activities of the different...
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ABSTRACT The investigation of traditional medicinal plants was performed in Bale district from August to October 2018 in three kebeles Kedu, Elasa and Aloshe Tilo. In the study area diverse medicinal plant were used to treat many human and livestock disease. The data were collected from the informants through semi-structured interview, discussion and collected plant samples from the study areas that were used to treat...
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Aristolochia ringens (Vahl) and Securidaca longepedunculata Fresens are used in traditional African medicine for the treatment of arthritis, diarrhoea, asthma, snakebites and skin rashes. This present study examines the acute and sub-acute toxicity effects of these plants in rats. The animals (5 per group) were treated daily with the extract at doses of 100, 250, 500 mg/kg orally for 28 days. Control group received...
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Large cardamom (Amomum. subulatum Roxb) commonly known as a badi elaichi, is a tall, perennial, evergreen, herbaceous monocot plant. Large cardamom is well known spice, which has medicinal value. The present study has been designed to explore the base line morphological characteristics, chemo-profile, to raise superior quality planting materials through micro propagation and large cardamom farming as an appropriate...
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An ethnobotanical study of traditionally used medicinal plants to trat human disease was conducted in Goba District of Bale Zone, Ethiopia. Information was gathered from 60 informants using semi-structured interview. For data collection the site and the informants were selected purposivelly. During the study, a total of 42 medicinal plant speceis belonging to 24 families were recorded. The family Euphorbiaceae has four...
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Investigation was carried out on the effects of 50mg/mL and 100mg/mL concentration of methanol and omidun extracts of root of V. paradoxa on hematological parameters of diarrhea induced albino rats. A total of 5 test organisms ((Shigella dysenteriae, Salmonella typhi, Escherichia coli ATCC 25922,Enteropathogenic Escherichia coli ‘EPEC ATCC 43887’, Enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli ‘EHEC ATCC 43889’) associated...
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Studies on the medicinal (hypoglycemic) potential of Magnifera indica (M. indica) have been documented. However, little may still be known about the dose level and the effects it may have on haematocrit, liver enzymes and body weight of a diabetic individual. The present study was designed to investigate the hypoglycemic effect of aqueous M. indica leaves extract on alloxan-induced diabetes in albino rats Rattus rattus....
A Review of the Ethnomedicinal uses of pteridophytes for treating various human ailments in India
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Pteridophytes present significant evolutionary innovations such as development of true conducting system with xylem and phloem and dominant saprophytic phase. Pteridophytes are frequently used as ornamental plants because of the green long lasting large foliage and sturdy plant forms. They are being used as bio-indicators for pollution, phytoremediators, and some used as bio-fertilizers. During the invasion of land...
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The stem bark and leaves of Uapaca togoensis has been used in traditional medicine to treat fever, epilepsy, rheumatism, vomiting and fatigue. The present study was designed to evaluate the acute and sub-chronic toxicity profile of the methanol stem bark extract of Uapaca togoensis as there are no reported toxicological studies on the plant. Preliminary phytochemical screening revealed the presence of alkaloids, steroids,...
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L. biflora (Vahl) R. Br. is ethnobotanically considered as cancer plant. It is arare medicinal plant. It is applied for the treatment of conjunctivitis, nasal bleeding, white discharge etc. For the medicinal property identification and quantitation of the bioactive compounds in this plant not been reported previously. Therefore, high performance liquid chromatography fingerprinting profile has been reported till date....
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This study was carried out to collect and document indigenous knowledge on medicinal plants among the traditional healers of Fedis district of Oromiya regional state, East Ethiopia. The ethnobotanical data were collected from 36 traditional healers (24 male and 12 female) using semi-structured questionnaire, observation and guided field walks. The survey identified 64 medicinal plants distributed into 39 families and 59...
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Chromolaena odorata is a medicinal plant that is widely used in folk medicine many Nigerian communities for treatment of several ailments and diseases. In particular, local formulations of the herbal plant are used to treat wounds, burns and skin infections. The plant extracts have also shown anticancer, antidiabetic, hepaprotective, anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial and antioxidant properties. The aim of the study was to...
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In the present study, bark samples of Samadera indica were collected, allowed to shade dry for a week, then coarsely powdered and was extracted with methanol by soxhlation process. The extract was used for wound healing experiment. In the wound healing study using excision wound model, 18 healthy Albino rats of four each with average body weight of 150-200 g was selected randomly for the study, which will be divided into...
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Essential oils are secondary metabolities that are highly concentrated substances extracted from flowers, leaves, stems, roots, seeds, barks, resins, or fruit rinds. Essential oils have been recognized as some of the most promising compounds in the development of novel products particularly in the pharmaceutical, agricultural, food and perfumery industries. Black cumin (Nigella sativa L.) belonging to family Rannunculaceae...
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The main aims of this study have been finding out the antioxidant and antimicrobial activities and preliminary phytochemical screening of three traditional plants of Iran namely, Allium ampeloprasum var. iranicum, Echinophora platyloba L and Pistacia atlantica kurdica were studied. In this experimental study, the maceration technique was used to prepare alcoholic extract. The effect of extract was analyzed based on disk...
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Gandrayan (Angelica glauca Edgew., Family Apiaceae) is a high value medicinal herb and it is native and endemic to the Indian Himalayan Region. Its aromatic roots are used as spice and beside this the industrial demand of its essential oil is increasing for modern herbal medicines and aromatherapy. The present study was carried out to document its ethno-medicinal importance among local inhabitants of three Indian Himalayan...
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Antimicrobial and antioxidant properties of different solvent extracts of five cultivars of Zingiber officinale were investigated. Out of the test organisms, Staphylococcus aureus was found most susceptible to chloroform extract of majhauley cultivar (26±0.1mm), while there was no activity recorded against Escherichia coli. The highest total phenol and flavonoid contents were recorded in the chloroform extract of...
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The objective of this research was to investigate the effect of environmental factors on distribution of medicinal plants in Chaharbagh rangelands in North East Iran. Sampling of vegetation was performed in quadrats positioned in the study area using a randomized-systematic method. Vegetation data including medicinal plants and their density were estimated quantitatively within each quadrat. The topographic conditions...
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Cuscuta reflexa is a parasitic plant having many medicinal properties and used as traditional medicine in Ayurveda for the treatment of various disorders. In the present research work, researchers have investigated antimicrobial ability of C. reflexa with Nerium oleander host plant successive extracts against selected human pathogenic bacteria. Escherichia coli (MTCC 730), Proteus vulgaris (MTCC 1771), Staphylococcus...
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Cnidoscolous aconitifolius promotes anxiolysis in humans. Fresh leaf extracts are claimed to possess greater anxiolytic activity as compared to dry leaf extracts. This study investigated the anxiety alleviating activity of two fresh leaf extracts {aqueous fresh leaf extract (AFLE) and methanolic fresh leaf extract (MFLE)} and a dry leaf extract {methanolic dry leaf extract (MFLE)} of C. acontifolius. Swiss albino mice...
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This study was designed to determine the effects of prolonged oral administration of aqueous leaf extract of Leptadenia hastata Pers (Decne) on sperm concentration, sperm motility and testicular histology in Wistar rats. Rats were given graded doses (200, 400, 600 and 800 mg kg-1) of aqueous leaf extract of L. hastata orally for 28 days. Weekly changes in sperm concentration and motility as well as testicular weight and...
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A novel prenylfuroquinoline alkaloid capensenin (1), an alkaloid confusameline (2), two furanocoumarins psolaren (3) and bergapten (4), were isolated from hexane and dichloromethane crude extracts of stem bark, leaves and fruit pericarp of Calodendrum capense. Limonin (5) was also isolated from the stem bark, while limonin diosphenol (6) was isolated from the seeds. Capensenin (1) showed weak antimicrobial activity against...
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Oroxylum indicum (L.) Kurz (Shyonak, Indian trumpet tree, Midnight horror) belongs to the family Bignoniaceae and has been used as a single drug or as a component of certain poly-herbal drug preparations in Indian Ayurvedic system of medicine. Oroxylum indicum is reported to contain flavonoids, namely, chrysin, oroxylin-A, scutellarin, and baicalein. Baicalein is reported to have anti-cancerous activity and inhibits...
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The stem bark of Stryphnodendron adstringens, popularly known in Brazil as "barbatimão", has many biological activities, including antifungal activity. Considering the increasing interest of using "barbatimão" extract in the treatment of vaginal candidiasis, the aim of this study was to propose a pharmaceutical topical gel containing a proanthocyanidin polymers-rich fraction for use as a pharmacological agent in vaginal...
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The Brazilian savanna known as “Cerrado†is very rich in medicinal plants that are used by the local population for treatment of several illnesses. The herpesvirus is a serious problem worldwide, and affects both animal and human health. This work aimed to study the antiviral activity of eight extracts from plants natives of “Cerrado†region against human (HSV-1), equine (EqHV-1) and swine herpesviruses (SuHV-1)....
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