Full Length Research Paper
References
|
Adams WM, Hutton J (2007). People, Parks and Poverty: Political Ecology and Biodiversity Conservation. Conserv. Soc. 5(2):147-183. |
|
|
Carter NH, Shrestha BK, Karki JB, Pradhan NM, Liu J (2012). Coexistence between wildlife and humans at fine spatial scales. Edited by Gretchen C. Daily, Stanford University, Stanford, CA. PNAS online access: http://www.pnas.org/content/109/38/15360. |
|
|
Delice A (2010). The Sampling Issues in Quantitative Research. Educational Sciences: Theory Pract. 10(4):2001-2018. |
|
|
Dickman AJ (2010). Complexities of conflict: the importance of considering social factors for effectively resolving human-wildlife conflict. Anim. Conserv.13(5):458-466. |
|
|
Dickman AJ, Hazzah L, Carbone C, Durant SM (2014). Carnivores, culture and 'contagious conflict': Multiple factors influence perceived problems with carnivores in Tanzania's Ruaha landscape. Biol. Conserv. 178:19-27. |
|
|
Durant SM, Craft ME, Hilborn R, Bashir S, Hando J, Thomas L (2011). Long-term trends in carnivore abundance using distance sampling in Serengeti National Park, Tanzania. J. Appl. Ecol. 48:1490-1500. |
|
|
Ed B, John S (2001). Managing wolf conflict with livestock in the Northwestern United States. Carnivore Damage Prevention News, pp. 2-4. |
|
|
Gehring TM, Ver Cauteren KC, Landry JM (2010). Livestock Protection Dogs in the 21st Century: Is an Ancient Tool Relevant to Modern Conservation Challenges? Bioscience 60:299-308. |
|
|
Goymann W, East LM, Wachter B, Oliver PH, MÎst E, Van't Holf TJ, Hofer H (2001). Social, state-dependent and environmental modulation of faecal corticosteroid levels in free-ranging female spotted hyenas. Royal Soc. 268:2453-2459. |
|
|
Holmern T, Nyahongo J, Røskaft E (2007). Livestock loss caused by predators outside the Serengeti National Park, Tanzania. Biol. Conserv. 135:518-526. |
|
|
Holt RD (2001). Species coexistence. (ed. S. A. Levin) In: The Encyclopedia of Biodiversity. Academic Press, New York, 5:413-425. |
|
|
IBM (2012). IBM SPSS Statistics for Windows, Version 21.0. from IBM Corp, Armonk, NY, USA. |
|
|
Ikanda D, Packer C (2008). Ritual vs. retaliatory killing of African lions in the Ngorongoro Conservation Area, Tanzania. Endanger. Species Res. 6:67-74. |
|
|
Jacobs CE, Main MB (2015). A Conservation-Based Approach to Compensation for Livestock Depredation: The Florida Panther Case Study. Plos One 10(9):1-19. |
|
|
Karlsson J, Johansson OR (2010). Predictability of repeated carnivore attacks on livestock favours reactive use of mitigation measures. J. Appl. Ecol. 47:166-171. |
|
|
Kissui BM (2008). Livestock predation by lions, leopards, spotted hyenas, and their vulnerability to retaliatory killing in the Maasai steppe, Tanzania. Anim. Conserv. 11(5):422-432. |
|
|
Lindsey PA, Havemann CP, Lines R, Palazy L, Price AE, Retief TA, Rhebergen T, Van der Waal C (2013). Determinants of Persistence and Tolerance of Carnivores on Namibian Ranches: Implications for Conservation on Southern African Private Lands. Plos One 8(1):e52458. |
|
|
Lindsey PA, Petracca LS, Funston PJ, Bauer H, Dickman A, Everatt K, Flyman M, Henschel P, Hinks AE, Kasiki S, Loveridge A (2017). The performance of African protected areas for lions and their prey. Biol. Conserv. 209:137-149. |
|
|
Lyamuya RD, Masenga EH, Fyumagwa RD, Mwita MN, Jackson CR, Røskaft E (2016a). A Historical Perspective of the Maasai - African Wild Dog Conflict in the Serengeti Ecosystem. Environ. Nat. Resour. Res. 6(2):42-50. |
|
|
Lyamuya RD, Masenga EH, Fyumagwa RD, Mwita MN, Røskaft E (2016b). Pastoralist herding efficiency in dealing with carnivore-livestock conflicts in the eastern Serengeti, Tanzania. Int. J. Biodivers. Sci. Ecosyst. Serv. Manag. 12(3):202-211. |
|
|
Lyamuya RD, Masenga EH, Fyumagwa RD, Røskaft E (2014a). Human–carnivore conflict over livestock in the eastern part of the Serengeti ecosystem, with a particular focus on the African wild dog Lycaon pictus. Oryx 48(3):378-384. |
|
|
Lyamuya RD, Masenga EH, Mbise FP, Fyumagwa RD, Mwita MN, Røskaft E (2014b). Attitudes of Maasai pastoralist towards the conservation of large carnivores in the Loliondo Game Controlled Area of Northern Tanzania. Int. J. Biodivers. Conserv. 6(11):797-805. |
|
|
Maclennan SD, Groom RJ, Macdonald DW, Frank LG (2009). Evaluation of a compensation scheme to bring about pastoralist tolerance of lions. Biol. Conserv. 142(11):2419-2427. |
|
|
Maddox TM (2003). The ecology of cheetahs and other large carnivores in a pastoralist-dominated buffer zone. (PhD thesis), University Colle2014bge, London & Institute of Zoology, London. |
|
|
Megaze A, Balakrishnan M, Belay G (2017). Human–wildlife conflict and attitude of local people towards conservation of wildlife in Chebera Churchura National Park, Ethiopia. Afr. Zool. 52:1-8. |
|
|
MNRT (2013). The Wildlife Conservation Act (Principal Legislation). Ministry of Natural Resources and Tourism, Tanzania. |
|
|
Musiani M, Paquet PC (2004). The Practices of Wolf Persecution, Protection, and Restoration in Canada and the United States. Bioscience 54(1):50-60. |
|
|
Mwakatobe A, Nyahongo J, Røskaft E (2013). Livestock Depredation by Carnivores in the Serengeti Ecosystem, Tanzania. Environ. Nat. Resour. Res. 3(4):46-57. |
|
|
Nana ED, Tchamadeu NN (2014). Socio-economic impacts of protected areas on people living close to the mount Cameroon National Park. Parks 20(2):129-137. |
|
|
Ogada MO, Woodroffe R, Oguge NO, Frank LG (2003). Limiting depredation by African carnivores: the role of livestock husbandry. Conserv. Biol. 17(6):1521-1530. |
|
|
Okello MM, Kiringe JW, Warinwa F (2014). Human-Carnivore Conflicts in Private Conservancy Lands of Elerai and Oltiyiani in Amboseli Area, Kenya. Nat. Resour. 5:375-391. |
|
|
Patterson BD, Kasiki SM, Selempo E, Kays RW (2004). Livestock predation by lions (Panthera leo) and other carnivores on ranches neighboring Tsavo National Parks, Kenya. Biol. Conserv. 119(4):507-516. |
|
|
Per W, Morten O, Chiranjibi PP, Torstein S (2009). Predator–prey relationships and responses of ungulates and their predators to the establishment of protected areas: A case study of tigers, leopards and their prey in Bardia National Park, Nepal. Biol. Conserv. 142:189-202. |
|
|
Pirie TJ, Thomas RL, Fellowes MDE (2017). Increasing game prices may alter farmers' behaviours towards leopards (Panthera pardus) and other carnivores in South Africa. Peerj, 5:e3369. |
|
|
Rasmussen GSA (1999). Livestock predation by the painted hunting dog Lycaon pictus in a cattle ranching region of Zimbabwe: a case study. Biol. Conserv. 88(1):133-139. |
|
|
Romanach SS, Lindsey PA, Woodroffe R (2007). Determinants of attitudes towards predators in central Kenya and suggestions for increasing tolerance in livestock dominated landscapes. Oryx 41(2):185-195. |
|
|
Røskaft E, Händel B, Bjerke T, Kaltenborn BP (2007). Human Attitudes Towards Large Carnivores in Norway. Wildl. Biol. 13(2):172-185. |
|
|
de Souza JC, da Silva RM, Gonçalves MP, Jardim RJ, Markwith SH (2017). Habitat use, ranching, and human-wildlife conflict within a fragmented landscape in the Pantanal, Brazil. Biol. Conserv. 217(1):349-357. |
|
|
Spira C (2014). Large carnivores, people and livestock in the Laikipia-Samburu ecosystem: a comparative study of livestock depredation across different land-uses. (MSc thesis in Conservation Science), Imperial College, London. |
|
|
Treves A, Karanth KU (2003). Humanâ€Carnivore Conflict and Perspectives on Carnivore Management Worldwide. 17(6):1491-1499. |
|
|
Vedeld P, Jumane A, Wapalila G, Songorwa A (2012). Protected areas, poverty and conflicts: A livelihood case study of Mikumi National Park, Tanzania. For. Pol. Econ. 21:20-31. |
|
|
Wanga SW, Macdonald DW (2006). Livestock predation by carnivores in Jigme Singye Wangchuck National Park, Bhutan. Biol. Conserv.129(4):558-565. |
|
|
Widman M, Steen M, Elofsson K (2017). Consequential costs of sheep depredation by large carnivores in Sweden. Working paper series/Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Department of Economics 2:1-32. |
|
|
Woodroffe R, Lindsey P, Romanach S, Stein A, ole Ranah SMK (2005). Livestock predation by endangered African wild dogs (Lycaon pictus) in northern Kenya. Biol. Conserv. 124(2):225-234. |
|
Copyright © 2024 Author(s) retain the copyright of this article.
This article is published under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License 4.0
