Full Length Research Paper
References
Atatoa-Carr P, Lennon D, Wilson N (2008). Rheumatic fever diagnosis, management and secondary prevention: a New Zealand guideline. N. Zealand Med. J. 121(1271):59-69. Pubmed |
||||
Bisno AL (1996). Acute pharyngitis: etiology and diagnosis. Pediatr. 97:949-954. | ||||
Carapetis JR (2004). The current evidence for the burden of group A streptococcal diseases. WHO/FCH/CAH/05•07. Geneva: World Health Organization, pp.1-57. | ||||
Cleary PP, Kaplan EL, Livdahl C, Skjold S (1988). DNA fingerprints of Streptococcus pyogenes are M type specific. J. Infect. Dis. 158(6):1317-1323. Crossref |
||||
Cunningham MW (2000). Pathogenesis of group A streptococcal infections. Clin. Microbiol. Rev. 13(3):470-511. Crossref |
||||
David L (1998). diagnosis and treatment of rheumatic fever. J. Pediatr. 5:681-686. | ||||
Fica A, Fernande J, Ebensperger G, Cona E, Galanti A, Alonso C, et al (2003). Molecular epidemiology of a Streptococcus pyogenes related nosocomial outbreak in a burn unit. Rev. Med. Chil. 131:145-154. Pubmed |
||||
Gerber MA (1984). Diagnosis of pharyngitis: methodology of throat cultures. In: Shulman ST, ed. Pharyngitis: management in an era of declining rheumatic fever. New York: Praeger, pp. 61-72. | ||||
Gerber MA (1989). Comparison of throat cultures and rapid strep tests for diagnosis of streptococcal pharyngitis. Pediatr. Infect. Dis. J. 8:820-824. Crossref |
||||
Gerber MA, Shulman ST (2004). Rapid diagnosis of pharyngitis caused by group A streptococci. Clin. Microbiol. Rev. 17:571-580. Crossref |
||||
Gonzalez–Rey C, Belin AM, Jorbeck H, Norman M, Krovacek K, Henriques B, et al (2003). RAPD - PCR and PFGE as tools in the investigation of an outbreak of beta-haemolytic streptococcus group A in a Swedish hospital. Comp. Immunol. Microbiol. Infect. Dis. 26:25-35. Crossref |
||||
Johnson DR, Kaplan EL (2001). False-positive rapid antigen detection test results: reduced specificity in the absence of group A streptococci in the upper respiratory tract. J. Infect. Dis. 183:1135-1137. Crossref |
||||
Johnson DR, Kaplan EL, Sramek J, Bicova R, Havlicek J, Havlickova H, Motlova J, Kriz P (1996). Laboratory diagnosis of group A streptococcal infections. Geneva (Switzerland): World Health Organization, Geneva, Switzerland. | ||||
Kaplan EL, Johnson DR, Nanthapisud P, Sirilertpanrana S, Chumdermpadetsuk S (1992). A comparison of group A streptococcal serotypes isolated from the upper respiratory tract in the USA and Thailand:implications. Bull. World Health Organization, 70:433-437. Pubmed |
||||
Madden JC, Ruiz N, Caparon M (2001). Cytolysinmediated translocation (CMT): a functional equivalent of type III secretion in gram-positive bacteria. J. Cell. 104:143-152. Crossref |
||||
Martin DR, Single LA (1993). Molecular epidemiology of group A streptococcus M type 1 infections. J. Infect. Dis. 167:1112-1117. Crossref |
||||
Matthews RC (1993). PCR fingerprinting microbes by random amplification of polymorphic DNA. J. Med. Microbiol. 39:161-162. Crossref |
||||
Micheli MR, Bova R, Calissano P, D'Ambrosio E (1993). Randomly amplified polymorphic DNA fingerprinting using combinations of oligonucleotide primers. BioTech.15:388-390. | ||||
Murray PR, Rosenthal KS, Kobayashi GS, Pfaller MA (2002). Medical microbiology, 4thed. London, Philadelphia. Mosby, p. 217. | ||||
Penner GA, Bush A, Wise R, Kim W, Domier L, Kasha K, Laroche A, Scoles G, Molnar SJ, Fedak G (1993). Reproducibility of random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) analysis among laboratories. PCR Methods Applications, 2:341-345. Crossref |
||||
Seppala H, Vuopio-Varkila J, Osterblad M, Jahkola M, Rummukainen M, Holm SE, Huovinen P (1994). Evaluation of methods for epidemiologic typing of group A Streptococci. J. Infect. Dis. 169:519-25. Crossref |
||||
Shundi L, Surdeanu M, Damian M (2000). Comparison of serotyping, ribotyping and PFGE for distinguishing group A streptococcus strains isolated in Albania. Eur J Epidemiol. 16:257-263. Crossref |
||||
Shulman ST, Bisno AL, Clegg HW, Gerber MA, Kaplan EL, Lee G, Martin JM, Beneden CV (2012). Clinical practice guideline for the diagnosis and management of group a streptococcal pharyngitis: 2012 update by the infectious diseases society of America. Clin. Infect. Dis. 55(10):86-102. Crossref |
||||
Snow V, Mottur-Pilson C, Cooper RJ, Hoffman JR (2001). Principles of appropriate antibiotic use for acute pharyngitis in adults. Ann. Intern. Med. 134:506-508. Crossref |
||||
Sook YB, Jang SK, Jung-Ah K (2007). Phenotypes and genotypes of macrolide-resistant Streptococcus pyogenes isolated in Seoul, Korea. J. Med. Microbiol. 56:229-235. Crossref |
||||
Tanz RR, Shulman ST, Shortridge VD, Kabat W, Kabat K, Cederlund E, Rippe J, Beyer J, Doktor S, Beall BW (2004). Community-based surveillance in the united states of macrolide-resistant pediatric pharyngeal group A streptococci during 3 respiratory disease seasons. Clin. Infect. Dis. 39:1794-1801. Crossref |
||||
Tanz RR, Gerber MA, Kabat W, Rippe J, Seshadri R, Shulman ST (2009). Performance of a rapid antigen-detection test and throat culture in community pediatric offices: implications for management of pharyngitis. Pediatr. 123:437-444. Crossref |
||||
The Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute (1990). Approved standard M2-A4. Antimicrobial disk susceptibility tests, 4th ed. National Committee for Clinical Laboratory Standards,Villanova, Pa. | ||||
Zangwill KM, Wald ER, Londino AV (1991). Acute rheumatic fever in western Pennsylvania: a persistent problem into the 1990s. J. Pediatr. 118:561-563. Crossref |
Copyright © 2024 Author(s) retain the copyright of this article.
This article is published under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License 4.0