Journal of
Medicinal Plants Research

  • Abbreviation: J. Med. Plants Res.
  • Language: English
  • ISSN: 1996-0875
  • DOI: 10.5897/JMPR
  • Start Year: 2007
  • Published Articles: 3832

Full Length Research Paper

Phytochemical and antimicrobial activity of the stem-bark of Gardenia aqualla Stapf & Hutch (Rubeacea)

Njinga, N.S.*
  • Njinga, N.S.*
  • Department of Pharmaceutical and Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Ilorin, Nigeria.
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Sule, M.I.
  • Sule, M.I.
  • Department of Pharmaceutical and Medicinal Chemistry, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria-Nigeria.
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Pateh, U.U.
  • Pateh, U.U.
  • Department of Pharmaceutical and Medicinal Chemistry, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria-Nigeria.
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Hassan, H.S.
  • Hassan, H.S.
  • Department of Pharmaceutical and Medicinal Chemistry, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria-Nigeria.
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Usman, M.A.
  • Usman, M.A.
  • Department of Pharmaceutical and Medicinal Chemistry, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria-Nigeria.
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Bilkisu, A.
  • Bilkisu, A.
  • Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria-Nigeria.
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Danja, B.A.
  • Danja, B.A.
  • Department of Chemical Sciences, Faculty of Science, Federal University Kashere, Gombe-Nigeria.
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Ache, R.N.
  • Ache, R.N.
  • Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Yaounde I. Cameroon.
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  •  Received: 22 August 2013
  •  Accepted: 16 July 2014
  •  Published: 17 July 2014

Abstract

Gardenia aqualla Stapf & Hutch (Rubeacea) is a plant belonging to the family Rubeacea. Preliminary phytochemistry carried out on the methanolic (ME) extract of the stem bark revealed the presence of steroid, carbohydrates, anthraquinones, saponins, triterpenes, tannins, cardiac glycoside and flavonoid while the petroleum ether (PE) extract of the stem bark revealed the presence of steroid, triterpenes and flavonoids. The PE extract and the ME were evaluated for antimicrobial screening using agar diffusion and broth dilution method on the following clinical isolates; Staphylococcus aureus, Enterococcus aerogenes, Escherichia coli, Salmonella typhi, Shigella dysenterea and the fungi Trichophytom rubrum, Candida albicans and Microsporan spp. Both extracts were active against S. aureus, E. aerogenes, E. coli, S. typhi and S. dysenteriae with minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) between 3.13 and 6.25 mg/ml and 1.25 to 2.25 mg/ml for PE and ME extracts, respectively and minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) ranged between 12.50 to 25.00 mg/ml and 2.50 to 5.00 mg/ml for PE and ME extracts, respectively. Both extracts showed no antifungal activity. The antibacterial activity of both extracts may be due to the presence of the secondary metabolites present. This study thus justifies the use of this plant in traditional medicine.

 

Key words: Gardenia aqualla, Rubeacea, phytochemistry, antimicrobial activity.

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This article is published under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License 4.0

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