Abstract

Essential oils of Allium atroviolaceum flowers collected from Mazandaran province in Kojur on late May 2010 were obtained by hydrodistillation and analyzed by gas chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry (GC/MS) for determining their chemical composition and identification of their chemotypes. Their antibacterial activity was studied in vitro on five bacterial strains: Bacillus subtilis, Enterobacter cloacae, Klebsiella pneumonia, Proteus mirabilis and Staphylococcus aureus. The major constituents of A. atroviolaceum flower oil were dibutylphthalate-1‚2–benzenedicarboxylic acid (5/85%), crown (5.68%), disulfide methyl 2-propenyl (5.46%), eicosane (4.39%)‚ pantadecanone (4/16%)‚ dipropenyldisulfide (4.03), octadecanone (3/82%)‚ methyl propenyl trisulfide (2.92), dimethyle trisulfide (2.80%)‚ tetrathiephane (2/56%)‚ cis propenyl propyl trisulfide(2/5%)‚ tetracosane (2/48%)‚ 3‚6 – dibutyl- 1‚2 dihydro-1‚2‚4‚5- tetrazine (2/37%)‚ thrithiolane (2/19%)‚ hydrazine (2/15%)‚ dithio propionate (1/77%)‚ hexadecanoic acid (1/68%)‚ benzene (1/5%)‚ isobutyl isothiocyanate (1/23%). The bacterial strains tested were found to be sensitive to methanol extracts studied which shows a very effective bactericidal activity with minimum inhibitory concentrations (MIC) range. The extracts from flower of A. atroviolaceum had slow activity against B. subtilis (16 mm diameter). The positive control, Valinomycine, Gentamicine and Chloramphenicol showed zone of inhibition inthicillin resistant all bacterial.

Key words: Allium atroviolaceum, essential oil, antibacterial activity.