Journal of
Public Health and Epidemiology

  • Abbreviation: J. Public Health Epidemiol.
  • Language: English
  • ISSN: 2141-2316
  • DOI: 10.5897/JPHE
  • Start Year: 2009
  • Published Articles: 655

Full Length Research Paper

Factors associated with detection of measles-specific immunoglobulin M (IgM-positive) in Côte d'Ivoire from 2015 to 2019: A nested case-control study from a measles national surveillance programme

Eric Martial Kouakou AHOUSSOU
  • Eric Martial Kouakou AHOUSSOU
  • Unité de Formation et de Recherche Sciences Médicales, Département de Santé Publique et Spécialités, Université Felix Houphouët-Boigny, Côte d’Ivoire.
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Kouadio Daniel EKRA
  • Kouadio Daniel EKRA
  • Unité de Formation et de Recherche Sciences Médicales, Département de Santé Publique et Spécialités, Université Felix Houphouët-Boigny, Côte d’Ivoire.
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Cedric DANANCHE
  • Cedric DANANCHE
  • CIRI, Centre International de Recherche en Infectiologie (Equipe Laboratoire des 19 Pathogènes Emergents), Univ. Lyon, Inserm, U1111, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS, 20 UMR5308, ENS de Lyon, F-69007, Lyon, France.
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Lepri Bernardin Nicaise AKA
  • Lepri Bernardin Nicaise AKA
  • Unité de Formation et de Recherche Sciences Médicales, Département de Santé Publique et Spécialités, Université Felix Houphouët-Boigny, Côte d’Ivoire.
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Muriel RABILLOUD
  • Muriel RABILLOUD
  • Pôle de Santé Publique, Service de Biostatistique, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Lyon, France.
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Philippe VANHEMS
  • Philippe VANHEMS
  • CIRI, Centre International de Recherche en Infectiologie (Equipe Laboratoire des 19 Pathogènes Emergents), Univ. Lyon, Inserm, U1111, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS, 20 UMR5308, ENS de Lyon, F-69007, Lyon, France.
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  •  Received: 14 September 2022
  •  Accepted: 15 November 2022
  •  Published: 31 May 2023

Abstract

Measles outbreaks are regularly reported in Côte d’Ivoire districts although on-going measles vaccination coverage has increased. The objective was to identify the factors associated with measles IgM-positive in a population with suspected measles. A case-control study nested in the national surveillance of 9337 registered measles suspected cases from 2015 to 2019 in Côte d'Ivoire was conducted for identification of factors associated with laboratory-confirmed case-based measles. The independent factors associated with detection of IgM in blood were determined from logistic regression. Among suspected measles cases, 88.84% had blood samples taken to test for measles IgM antibody. The proportion of IgM-positivity was 10.03% among the 8295 blood samples tested at the measles reference laboratory. The median age of the population tested was four years (y) with an interquartile range (IQR) [1.5-9 years]. The majority of IgM-positive subjects (71.28%) were aged from 1 to 15 years. Of the IgM-positive subjects, 52.05% had an unknown vaccination status. The independent factors associated with the presence of IgM were: Unvaccinated status against measles (adjusted odds-ratio [aOR]=2.82, 95% confidence interval (CI) 2.19 to 3.64), increasing age (aOR(95% CI): 1.37(1.06 to 1.78), 1.54(1.18 to 2.00), 1.56(1.14 to 2.12) for age groups 1-5 years, 5 to 15 years, 15 years +, respectively compared with the age group 0 to 1 year, and health regions of residence located in the west of Côte d’Ivoire aOR ranged between 1.68 (Haut Sassandra) and 2.87 (Marahoue). Interventions considering factors associated with measles IgM-positive will help to control the spread of measles in Cote d’Ivoire.

Key word: Measles-specific M-immunoglobulin, measles, vaccination, logistic regression, surveillance programme, Côte d’Ivoire.