June 2016
Behavior of the pollen tube of Poincianella pyramidalis (Tul.) L. P. Queiroz after compatible and incompatible crosses
Aiming to analyze the pollen tube growth behavior in compatible and incompatible crosses in Poincianella pyramidalis, on-field crosses were performed using flowers of 30 randomly selected individuals, which were self- and cross-pollinated. In the cross-pollination, the pollen germinated and the pollen tube grew in the transmitting tissue of the pistil, followed by a succession of callose rings through the growth of the...
June 2016
The mechanism of seedlessness in watermelon generated using soft-X-ray irradiated pollen
A new variety of seedless watermelon, with high sugar content, good taste, and easy storage has been developed using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) fluorescence staining, paraffin and 4',6-diamidino-2-phenylindole (DAPI) staining. The study investigated the mechanism behind the production of seedless watermelon after soft X-ray irradiation. The results showed that soft X-ray irradiation did not damage the...
June 2016
Agricultural impact on environment and counter measures in Rwanda
Rapid intensive agriculture often generates serious environmental concerns including soil erosion, water pollution and greenhouses gases. This paper assesses the impact of agriculture and its practices on environment in Rwanda from 1990 to 2012. Data provided by the World Bank were analyzed with Origin Pro 9 for statistical analysis. Also, a review on physical-chemical parameters and heavy metals of water resources home...
June 2016
Chemical properties and fermentation behavior of the composts prepared by three composting methods in Malawi
Soil fertility improvement is one of the urgent issues in Malawi. Since composting by locally available materials is needed for this purpose, the composts were prepared from maize stalk and cattle dung by using three common methods in Malawi. The composts had high alkalinity and relatively high NO3- and K contents. N% of composts was determined from the composition of maize stalk and cattle dung, and is expressed by the...
June 2016
Impact of natural toxin spinetoram 12 SC w/v (11.7 w/w) against Trichogramma chilonis Ishii and Chrysoperla zastrowi sillemi (Esben - Petersen) under laboratory conditions
Insecticides are unavoidable in pest management programs especially when the pest crosses Economic Threshold Level (ETL). Nevertheless, often the plant protection products kill the natural enemy population making the pest to resurge and thus demanding more sprays. Therefore, insecticides used in integrated pest management (IPM) programs should be selective enough to spare the beneficial. Laboratory experiments were...
June 2016
Effects of pre-elite seed size and planting density on development and propagation efficiency of two virus-free potato cultivars in Sichuan Province, China
The aim of the experiment is to develop a high-output and low-cost method for propagating elite potato seed in the field from pre-elite seeds. Field experiments were conducted in spring and autumn season of southwestern China (Yucheng in 2010 and Hanyuan in 2011). Randomized-block design was used with 3 seed-size rates, 4 planting densities and 2 cultivars of pre-elite seed from virus-free potato. During potato-growing...
June 2016
Cassava mosaic disease resistant clones’ growth and yield are prone to early drought stress
This study was conducted to evaluate the growth and yield stability of cassava mosaic disease (CMD) resistant breeding populations clones against early drought. Field trials were planted using 200 CMD resistant clones and 7 local landraces in a randomised complete block design with 3 replicates at the International Institute of Tropical Agriculture (IITA) station, Sendusu in Namulonge (Central Uganda) during the second...
June 2016
The role of Crambe abyssinica in the control of Heterodera glycines (Thylenchida: Heteroidae)
The soybean cyst nematode (SCN), Heterodera glycines, is present in more than 150 municipalities in Brazil, and the long persistence of the cysts in the soil combined with the severe degree of parasitism induces high soybean production losses. The objective of this study was to evaluate the biofumigant effect of Crambe abyssinica on the SCN population in the second soybean crop season. The experiment was conducted on a...
June 2016
Evaluation of a lateral flow device for in-field detection of Banana Xanthomonas Wilt and its application in tracking the systemicity of Xanthomonas campestris pv. musacearum
Early detection of Banana Xanthomonas Wilt (BXW) in the field and immediate destruction of infected plants or plant tissue are key control methods to prevent the introduction and spread of BXW. This requires rapid, cost-effective and an on- site diagnostic tool to detect the bacterium, Xanthomonas campestris pv musacearum (Xcm). Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) detection technique for BXW is efficient but requires...
June 2016
Effect of compost-biochar mixes and irrigation on the growth and yield of Amaranthus (Amaranthus hybridus) under two growing temperatures
An experiment was carried out to study the sensitivity of amaranthus to different sources of soil nutrients and different amounts of irrigation water at different temperatures. Nitrogen (N) rich materials (compost/poultry manure) and carbon (C) rich material (biochar) used included poultry manure + rice husk biochar (PM+RB), poultry manure + sawdust biochar (PM+SB), rice husk compost + rice husk biochar (RC+RB), sawdust...
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