Maize production in Chad: Typology of producers, agricultural and land policies
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Corn production plays a crucial role in Chad's food security and economic stability. This study examines corn production zones, producer types, and agricultural policies in Chad. Data were collected through surveys and interviews with key stakeholders. The Students’ t-test and ANOVA were employed to analyze both production areas and crop yields. The study identified two main production zones: Mayo-Kebbi Ouest (6.72 ± 2.58...
Identification of Drought-Tolerant Sorghum Genotypes With Multitrait Potential for Enhanced Yield
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Although sorghum is a drought-tolerant crop, due to climate change, the crop is vulnerable to recurrent drought, resulting in grain yield reduction. To overcome the problem, a few traits were identified that contribute to drought tolerance. However, the response of a few traits to drought stress was ineffective and became a challenge for sorghum production. The study aimed to identify sorghum genotypes with multiple traits...
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Potato (Solanum tuberosum) seed production is a critical element of the potato industry in Zimbabwe. The potato industry is affected by poor seed quality due to potato bacterial wilt (Ralstonia solanacearum), a pathogen known to be highly destructive in most Solanaceous crops. The main objective of this study was to determine the distribution, prevalence, incidence of potato bacterial wilt (PBW) in the Nyanga potato seed...
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This study examines the impact of sawmilling on livelihoods among small and medium-scale millers in the Asunafo North Municipality of Ghana, emphasizing their reliance on natural, physical, social, financial, and human capital. Sawmilling serves as a critical economic activity, generating employment, stimulating local economies, and contributing to poverty reduction through auxiliary industries such as charcoal production...
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While mobile phone penetration in Tanzania has increased, many smallholder farmers still do not have access to reliable price updates due to issues such as digital illiteracy, poor network coverage in rural areas, and the high cost of some mobile-based services.The aim of the research was to assess how mobile phone usage enhances farmers’ access to price information and its effects on market behavior and income. The study...
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Aquaculture in Uasin Gishu County, Kenya, has grown significantly due to government support, favorable climatic conditions, and increasing demand for fish as a protein source. However, fish farming in the region faces severe challenges from pathogenic parasites and microbes, which significantly impact fish health and aquaculture productivity. Poor water quality, overcrowded ponds, and agricultural runoff exacerbate the...
Diversity of mycorrhizal fungi in the Far North Region of Cameroon
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This study was carried out to determine the diversity of mycorrhizal fungi in cultivated soils in the Far North Region of Cameroon. To this end, composite soil samples were taken from six departments in the Far North Region. The spores were isolated by wet sieving and observed using. They were identified on the basis of their size, colour, ornamentation of their suspensory hyphae or suspensory bulbs, and the germination...
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Limited information is available on optimizing P and K nutrition with rhizobia in a soybean-sorghum intercropping system. A two-year field experiment was conducted to study the effects of Rhizobium inoculation with P and K on root length, symbiotic performance and yield. The split-split plot design with 2 x 4 x 7 factorial arrangement with three replicates were used. The main plots had rhizobial inoculation, while the sub...
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The primary challenge in addressing climate change is not the lack of adaptation strategies; rather it is the inability of people to adapt to climate change. Using the protection motivation theory, this study aimed to analyze contextual factors influencing drought adaptation behaviors in Northern Cameroon. A cross-sectional survey was conducted using non-probabilistic and probabilistic sampling techniques to recruit 343...
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Stem rust (Puccinia graminis) is a disease that globally has unceasingly threatened wheat. This study aimed to evaluate the response of 120 wheat varieties to stem rust under artificial inoculation for 3 seasons at Kenya Agricultural and Livestock Research Organization, Njoro. Resistance was quantified using the area under disease progress curve (AUDPC) and final disease severity with varieties exhibiting ? 300 and ? 30%,...
Barriers and Bridges: Understanding Blockchain Adoption in Eastern Uganda’s Barley Agribusinesses.
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Blockchain technology (BCT) has the potential to transform agricultural value chains by enhancing transparency, trust, and efficiency. However, adoption among smallholder farmers in developing regions remains limited. This study investigates the factors influencing BCT adoption and usage extent among barley farmers in Uganda’s Sebei sub-region, where BCT was introduced through the BanQu platform to improve the barley value...
Maize production in Chad: Typology of producers, agricultural and land policies
Article in Press
Corn production plays a crucial role in Chad’s food security and economic stability, particularly amid climatic adversities. This study analyzes maize production zones, producer typologies, and policy impacts through surveys and interviews with 300 stakeholders. Statistical analyses (Student’s t-test, ANOVA) revealed two main production zones: Mayo-Kebbi Ouest (6.72 ± 2.58 ha average area) and Salamat (5.24 ± 1.82 hectare...
Phytoremediation and Plant Growth-Promoting Rhizobacteria (PGPR): Approach to Combat Soil Salinity
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Soil salinization is one of the major factors that severely affect agricultural productivity worldwide. Soil salinity is a major environmental issue that reduces agricultural productivity, negatively impacts soil health, and limits water availability for crops. The salinity could measure with the help of these techniques, remote sensing, electromagnetic induction, Sodium Adsorption Ratio (SAR), Exchangeable Sodium...
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Anacardium occidentale L., is an economically important cash crop that is seriously threatened by multiple biotic factors including diseases. Updated information on the current situation of diseases in cashew cropping system is limited particularly in Tanzania. Therefore, we are presenting for the first time elucidation of the etiology, epidemiology and management status of important cashew diseases in Tanzania. The...
Public Expenditure in the Agricultural Sector in Nigeria: A Study of the Fourth Republic (2000-2014)
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This study explores the link between public spending and economic growth, focusing on Nigeria's agricultural sector during the fourth republic (2000–2014). Economic growth is essential at all levels of governance, and public expenditure plays a crucial role in development. The study analyzes how capital, recurrent, and total expenditures in agriculture impact sectoral GDP growth, using the Keynesian growth model and Public...
Genetic Diversity Analysis of Korerima (Aframomum corrorima)
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This study was conducted to evaluate genetic variations among Korarima genotypes. Cluster analysis based on Euclidean distances was carried out with 25 Korarima genotypes to assess the genetic diversity for agronomic and quality traits. The Unweighted Pair Group Average using Arithmetic Mean as linkage rule was used for the analysis of the distances between clusters. The genotypes were evaluated for 17 agronomic and...
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Quality of produced seedlings relies mainly on the substrate on which it grows and develops. An experiment was carried out employing a completely randomized block design with 19 treatments and three replications to examine effect of different substrates on seed germination and seedling growth of tomato in greenhouse and screen house. Results showed following substrates; rice husks, burnt sawdust, mixture of sawdust and...
Evaluation of Bio-agents against Tea Root Rot (Fusarium oxysporum) in Southwestern Ethiopia
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Tea (Camellia sinensis), is a major contributor to the nation's economic output. However, its production is decreased by fungal diseases like tea root rot (Fusarium oxysporum). Hence, this study was initiated to evaluate the efficacy of fungal bio-agents against the disease. Samples were taken from Gumero and Wish-wash tea plantation areas in southwest Ethiopia. Using the dual culture method five fungal bioagents namely,...
Assessments of the Current Status and Major Challenges of Irrigated Agriculture in Fogera, Ethiopia
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This study examines the challenges and current state of irrigated agriculture in the Fogera Plain, Ethiopia, which is crucial for food security and economic stability. Agriculture in Ethiopia faces increasing pressures from climate change, population growth, and resource degradation. Heavy reliance on rainfed farming, water scarcity, and inefficient irrigation hinder productivity. Using a mixed-methods approach, this...
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The study was conducted at Ambo University using twenty five Horro sheep with initial body weight of 16.84±0.23kg (mean±SD). The objectives of the experiment was to evaluate the impact of replacing concentrate ration with varying proportions of Lablab purpureus hay on the growth performance and economic returns of Horro rams. The experimental sheep were blocked into five blocks of five animals based on their initial body...
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Maize is a key crop in Ethiopia's Rift Valley, but drought and erratic rainfall have reduced yields. This study aimed to identify effective soil and water conservation practices to improve soil moisture, nutrient content, and maize yield. The experiment was conducted in 2021 and 2022 cropping season in Negele Arsi district and the experiment used RCBD with five treatments, applying the Melkasa-II maize variety as testing...
Determinants of Climate change Adaptation in Shebedino District, Sidama Regional State, Ethiopia
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Agriculture is the primary source of food, raw materials, employment, and livelihoods in developing countries. Climate change is the most problem that affects the agricultural sector. Shebedino district is one of the drought prone, characterized with rugged topography, and erratic rainfall. The study aimed to assess the actual trend, identify the adaptation strategies and analyze factors affect the decision of adaptation...
Soil quality role for enhance soybean resilience under hydric stress season
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This study investigates how soil organic matter and the physical and microbiological attributes affect soybean yield in two distinct crop environments (high and low productivity) in southern Brazil, in a crop season with the occurence of a severe hydric restriction. Soil samples stratified by depth were collected to evaluate the chemical (organic matter), physical (root penetration resistance and growth), and...
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Haricot bean is one of the most important pulse crops grown in Ethiopia as it plays a crucial role in Ethiopian agriculture, contributing to food security and livelihoods of majority of farmers. However, Ethiopia's haricot bean production and productivity lag behind other countries due to various constraints faced by the farmers of the country, notably among them are lack of accurate information about haricot bean...
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The Gomit Irrigation Project plays a crucial role in agricultural production, highlighting the urgent necessity to analyze hydraulic and hydrologic factors that influence water utilization efficiency. This study explores the intricate relationship between the hydraulic dynamics and hydrologic mechanisms of irrigation systems, aiming to enhance water usage in farming practices. It evaluates hydraulic elements including...
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The objective of this study were to identify incompatibilities in mixtures of herbicides applied in common bean crops and assess the effects of herbicide interactions on weed control. Experiments I e II were conducted in a completely randomized design, with four replications, using a 4×4 factorial arrangement consisted of four herbicides (applied alone or in combinations) and four evaluation times (0, 1, 2, and 3 hours). a...
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Inadequate soil fertility management techniques and nutrient deficits are the primary causes of the Gereb Giba area's that decreased onion productivity. As a result, fertilizer applications are a crucial input to boost onion yields, with the rate of application primarily determined by the soil's fertility. The research was conducted with the intention of the objective is to assess the impact of NPS and goat dung fertilizer...
Land Reform, Poverty Reduction and Growth: Evidence from Ethiopia
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Land ownership and its associated frameworks significantly influence poverty reduction and wealth creation in developing countries, particularly in Ethiopia. This paper examines the various land tenure systems in Ethiopia, focusing on how land tenure and property rights affect agricultural productivity, thereby impacting poverty alleviation and economic growth. The analysis highlights that the primary obstacles to...
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Phosphorus (P) sorption capacity of surface soils of five different Land use types (Cultivated land, Grazing land, Homestead land, Wood land and Eucalyptus Plantation) of Assosa district in Benishangul Gumiz Regional States, Northwestern Ethiopia were studied. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of land use on soil phosphorous sorption characteristics of surface soils, determine the external phosphorous...
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Freshwater scarcity is an intensifying challenge in arid and semi-arid regions globally, highlighting the importance of treating household greywater to augment limited water resources. This research investigates the effectiveness of a Constructed Wetland (CW) system, utilizing Common Reed, for greywater treatment in Akure, Nigeria. Greywater samples were sourced from Jadesola Hostel at the Federal University of Technology,...
Registration of Bachara Soybean Variety (Late Set)
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Bachara is the name given to soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.], variety with pedigree of JM- PR142/CLR-15-5C-2, brought from Jimma Agricultural Research Center. Bachara variety was evaluated against the check and other genotypes for seed yield, agronomic characters and disease reaction at Bako, Billo and Uke experimental sites from 2021 to 2022. Bachara variety was verified for possible release in 2023 at on farm and on...
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Korarima (Aframomum corrorima) is native crop to Ethiopia. Germination of seeds has problem of seed dormancy, which may be associated with the hard seed coat and impermeable Thus, the current study was conducted with the objective of determining the effect of different seed treatment method on seed germination and subsequent seedling growth. Nine seed treatments were applied to korarima seeds: T1 (control), T2 (soaking in...
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In Côte d’Ivoire, cocoa trees were submitted to several production constraints, including cocoa swollen shoot disease (CSSD). The aim of this work is to select cocoa trees with good agronomic traits and CSSD tolerance. Ten families of cocoa trees have been evaluated with 7 descriptives parameters such as the number and weight of total fresh beans and also the weight of dry beans. These families were also evaluated against...
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An in vitro experimental study was conducted in Ambo University, Mamo Mezemir Campus from November, 2020 to August, 2021 to evaluate antibacterial effect of Leaves of Withania sominifera, steam of Clausena anisata, leaves of Carica papaya L, fruit of Solanum incanum, roots of R. nepalensis and leaves of Nicotiana tabacum against Bacterial species (Escherichia coli/ATCC 25322, Staphylococcus aureus/ATCC 13076, Entrococcus...
Generation and characterization of doubled haploids maize (Zea mays L.) in sub-Saharan Africa
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The use of doubled haploid (DH) technology in maize breeding programs in Sub-Saharan Africa is uncommon. Adoption of this technology may improve the turnover of maize varieties. This research was conducted at Farako-Bâ research station of the Institute of Environment and Agricultural Research (INERA) in Burkina Faso. The current study aimed to evaluate the effect of source germplasm, inducers and seasons on haploid...
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The present study, whose theme is "the role of irrigation in the development of agriculture in Senegal: case of the PARIIS project in the region of Fatick ", has attempted to highlight the added value brought by the practice of irrigation in the development of agriculture. The investigations were carried out at the level of irrigated perimeters built in the department of Toubacouta by the PARIIS project for the benefit of...
Morphological Response of Forage Plants to Greasing or Browsing By Ruminant in Ethiopia: Review
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Rangeland plants may be negatively, positively, or neutrally impacted by browsing and grazing. Range land and greasing terrain provide more than 37% of the feed required for cattle in Ethiopia. Therefore, understanding how different animal types respond to the grazing of fodder plants is helpful for grassland research and management. Mammalian herbivores classified according to which plant type they prefer. Because diet...
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Water harvesting is the process of intercepting, conveying, and storing rainfall for future use in drought prone area of eastern Ethiopia. The objective is to assess and estimating the annual volume of water harvesting for crop production. GIS and remote sensing is the recent technology of spatiotemporal data used to assess the factor of influences for rainfall and runoff depth estimation for identification of potential...
Cocoa yield and bean quality as influenced by agroforestry practices in Ghana
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Ghana's cocoa sector is a key contributor to global production, but its yields are often modest. A climate-smart approach involving agroforestry—growing cocoa with shade trees—has been suggested to boost yields and improve sustainability. However, there is limited research in Ghana on the effects of agroforestry on cocoa yield and bean quality. This study assessed the impact of agroforestry on cocoa yield and bean quality...
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The research was conducted to determine the appropriate application time of nitrogen fertilizer on yield and yield components of sorghum during 2017 and 2018 cropping seasonin Benishangul gumuz region. Treatments consisted of eight application times of nitrogen: all recommended rate of N at planting (T1), ½ at planting + ½ at knee height(T2), Applying 1/2 at planting+1/2 at near flowering (T3), Applying 1/3 at...
Effects of Land Use Types on Soil Physico-Chemical Properties: A Review
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The effect of different land use types can bring adverse effect on selected physical and chemical properties of soil. The different land use types such as cultivated, grass, grazing, homestead, forest and plantation lands directly or indirectly affect the physical and chemical properties of soil characterized by different physico-chemical properties of soil though they are on the same topography of the landscape. The...
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Genetic purity assessment is mandatory for seed certification. Currently, the process is done through the grow-out test (GOT), which faces many challenges, including long-term assessment. Limited information on the use of molecular markers in the genetic purity assessment of crops in African countries elicited this study's purpose. In this work, a review of the available literatures on the applications of molecular markers...
Value chain analysis of tomato production and marketing in Ethiopia
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Tomatoes are important for income generation to a large proportion of the farming community in rural households in Ethiopia. Enhancing tomato producers to reach markets and actively engage in the markets is a key challenge influencing tomato production in Ethiopia. The perishable nature of tomato necessitates effective marketing channels choice decisions. So, the main objective of this study was to conduct full scale value...
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To manage insect infestation linked to lower yields in cowpea production, man has primarily chosen to use synthetic pesticides due to their high knockout effect. Incessant application of pesticides poses a health risk in agriculture food systems. The alternative to combating insect infestation in cowpea food system is the development of Host Plant Resistance which is eco-friendly, and beneficial to human and animal health....
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A study was conducted with three chickpea genotypes (Annigeri-1, JG-11 and JG-14) and five dates of sowing (D1, D2, D3, D4 and D5) to study the effect of temperature regimes on various physiological, biochemical, yield and its components. Delayed sowing at D5 temperature regimes recorded significantly lower SPAD values, lower chl a, chl b, total chl content in leaf, lower chl a/b ratio and lower relative water content...
Postharvest quality of gerberas 'Intenza' depending on the storage temperature
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Cut flowers have a prominent role in the global horticulture, being the gerbera one of the most important species in this context. Many studies have been performed to extend the vase life of these flowers. Despite the emergence of new conservation techniques, the low temperature is still the main one, because it delays the senescence and the deterioration of tissues. This study aimed to verify the best storage temperature...
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The purpose of this article aims to properly define emerging farmers in developing rural areas of the Eastern Cape Province in South Africa and evaluate their distinguishing characteristics. There is still remarkable scarcity of scientific information describing a more detailed picture of emerging farmers. The terminology ‘emergent farmer’ is globally a contentious issue and it is not commonly used by researchers owing...
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Cadmium (Cd) is present in many agricultural soils, and consequently can be absorbed for species as corn and wheat. The studied areas were Central-North, Central, Central-south and South of the country, in a transect of 1,500 km long. In soils from 40 different sites were sampling in two depths. In these areas corn and wheat are important crops. Total cadmium, extractable acid (DTPA) and water soluble fractions of cadmium...
Influence of removal of Wolbachia on the Fitness of brown planthopper, Nilaparvata lugens (Stål)
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Wolbachia is maternally inherited intracellular bacteria (Rickettsiaceae) that infect a wide range of arthropods and nematodes and that are playing a great roles at their development, reproduction and pathogenic, associated with various reproductive abnormalities in their hosts. In this study, we investigated the effects of removal of Wolbachia infection on immature and mature brown planthopper, Nilaparvata lugens (Stål)...
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Soil born plant pathogen cause potential yield loss in every year all over world. Antifungal Trichoderma isolates can control soil borne plant pathogenic fungi. Soil sample collected from different location to find out effective Trichoderma isolates. Their antifungal and morphological characteristic was studied. Radial mycelial growths of the isolates varied from 29.91 to 90.00 mm in vitro assay. On the basis of shape,...
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