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The study was conducted between January 2021 and March 2022 in 2local governmentsof Kano State, Nigeria(namely: Sallarin, {TarauniLG}andKofan Dan Agundi,{Municipal LG}). The objective of the study are to examine the socioeconomic characteristics of fish farmers, estimate the opportunities of the burrow pits fish production systems and identify the problems facing fish farmers in the study areas.Specifically, the results...
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Ethiopia is the most soil fertility-degraded part of the world, caused by continuous cultivation of monocrops, insufficient organic matter application, and integrated soil fertility management (ISFM). The main objective of this study was to examine the adoption level and factors influencing ISFM in Siyadeberna Wayu Woreda, Amhara National Regional State, Ethiopia. A cross-sectional survey research design was used. A...
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Pod borer (Helicoverpa armigera) is one of the major causes of low productivity in pigeon pea (Cajanus cajan) in Kenya. This study determined the effect of Nimbedicine, Pyagro and Bacillus thuringiensis on pod borer and grain yield performance of two pigeon pea varieties. The experiments were set up in Kapkayo and Koibatek during April-September, 2020 and May-October, 2021 cropping seasons. The experiment was laid in split...
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A field experiment was carried out during 2018 rainy season at Bayero University Research Farm (110 57’N, 8024’E) and Garko, in Garko local Government area, Kano state (22011’N, 680008’E) to evaluate the effect of groundnut varieties and plant botanicals on the control of Alectra vogelii in the Sudan savanna of Nigeria. The experiment consisted of four groundnut varieties (Kwankwaso, Maibargo, Sabaiya and Samnut–24) and...
Effects of Climate Change on Livestock Farmers in Mundri East County
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The study was conducted on the effect of climate change on livestock production in Mundri East County of Western Equatoria state, South Sudan. Data were collected by using a cross-sectional questionnaire administered to 120 households who used to rear livestock in two Payams of Kediba and Lakamadi respectively. Majorities (75%) of the households were male and had more than 20 years’ experiences in livestock production....
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The study analyzed the input-output relationship of crop enterprises in the different climate change adaptation options among Farmers in Borno State, Nigeria, conducted in two agroecological zones (AEZ) of the State. Multi-stage sampling procedure was used in selecting 360 farmers for the study. Means, frequencies and multiple regression were used in analyzing the data. Results of adaptation practices based on AEZ revealed...
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The magnitude of heterosis provides a basis for genetic diversity and guideline to the choice of desirable parents for developing superior F1 hybrids. This study was carried out to exploit hybrid vigour and for building gene pool to be exploitation in population improvement. Heterosis and nature of gene action for morphoagronomic traits, oil content and fatty acid composition in linseed. Eight parents, their 28 F1crosses...
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The allelopathic activity of cover crops, green manure, mulching plants, and weeds commonly found in tea plantations was evaluated employing laboratory bioassays, greenhouse experiments and field trials. The results of laboratory and greenhouse experiments concluded that the green manure plants, Gliricidia sepium, Erythrina lithosperma, Eupatorium inulifolium, Tithonia diversifolia, Artemisia vulgaris and mulching plants,...
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Cocos nucifera L. is an important coastal crop in Côte d'Ivoire, with 53 coconut cultivars. The present study was carried out to compare the morphophysical characteristics of C. nucifera L. fruit of the improved parents Rennell Island Tall (RIT+) and West Africa Tall (WAT+) and their hybrids PB113+ and PB121+, harvested at different maturity. The ANOVA results showed that cultivar and maturity had a significant effect (p <...
Analysis of livestock feed resources and constraints in the Guji Zone of Southern Oromia
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The study's goal was to examine and rate the key livestock feed resources and their limits in Guji Zone. Data was gathered from six districts through group discussions and standardized questionnaires and also both from secondary and primary sources. A total of 288 respondents were selected at random and interviewed. Natural grassland and crop leftovers were the primary feed supplies in the research area. Drought was the...
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Nutrients present in the soil are important elements required for the healthy growth of plants. This study, therefore, sought to examine the physio-chemical properties of soils in Buyende and Serere districts, in the Kyoga basin, Uganda. Using soil auger, soil samples were purposively picked from Serere (23) and Buyende (17) districts at depth of (0-25 cm). Routine soil analysis was done for the macro soil nutrients of...
Southwestern Kenya’s Smallholder Dairy Farmers’ Climate Change Perceptions, Knowledge and Adaptation
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Globally, climate change (CC) adaptation is critical as CC compounds smallholder dairy farmers’ challenges. Farmers’ CC perceptions and knowledge could influence their CC adaptations. This study in Southwestern Kenya sought to establish smallholder dairy farmers’ CC perceptions and CC knowledge level and their relationships to CC adaptations. Concurrent Fixed Mixed Methods was used to collect data from 367 smallholder...
Effect of Turmeric-calamansi Supplementation on the Drinking Water of Broiler Chickens
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The purpose of this study is to determine the effects of turmeric and Calamansi juice as water supplement on the live and carcass weight performance of broiler chicken. The research was carried out using completely randomized design (CRD). Ninety-six broiler chickens were raised from day old to 45 days old chicks. The chicks was supplemented with water supplements according to treatments. The study used four treatments...
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The present study deals the assessment of changes in soil properties and plant nutrient contents of sorghum and soybean crop after 40 years of continuous application of reclaimed sewer water as affected by the crop season. Results of the study revealed that the various soil properties and plant nutrients of the crops viz., sorghum and soybean highly influenced by the 40 years continuous application of the sewer water....
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Rice (Oryza sativa L.) is an important global food commodity crop. Its yield was affected by genotype, environment, and the interaction between genotype and environment that demands the development of diverse tolerant rice to increase yields and adaptation. Genotype & Environment interaction for yields of rice Tongil types with doubled haploid (DH) were evaluated in three locations. A randomized complete block design...
Response of Coffee (Coffea arabica L.) Varieties to Heat Stress at Seedling Stage
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Heat effect is the indirect consequence of high temperatures often formed by the accumulation of greenhouse gases (GHGs). It is the most dangerous for sensitive crops due to morphological deformation, overgrowth, and disturbs normal plant physiology such as Arabica coffee (Coffea arabica L.), and less information regarding to this issue. This study aimed to investigate the responses of released coffee varieties to heat...
Genetic diversity of Cleome gynandra germplasm in Burkina Faso using SSRs molecular markers
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Cleome gynandra L. is an important traditional leafy vegetable in Burkina Faso diets. Because of its high nutritional value, it makes a good dietary supplement, providing an important nutritional and medicinal requirement. The aim of the present study was to assess the genetic diversity and intra- and interpopulation relationships of the C gynandra collection using SSR molecular markers specific to Cleome gynandra. Nine...
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This paper aims to understand farmers’ perceptions and challenges in production and use of traditional grains as well as feed manufacturers perceptions on inclusion of traditional grains in feed formulations. The study also seeks to ascertain the opportunities for increased adoption of traditional grains as an adaptive strategy to climate change. Climate change has contributed to a shift in seasons and precipitation,...
Germinating potential of released Coffee (Coffea arabica L.) varieties in Ethiopia
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Arabica coffee is acash crop for some African countries, such as Ethiopia. Ethiopia is the center of origin for Arabica coffee and has been dramatically working on improving coffee production technologies for the last fifty six years. Coffee seedling takes a huge time, and their qualities posechallenges in coffee production. To improve these, several studies implementedonseed germination influences factors and storage...
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Fish farming plays a critical role in aquaculture, providing protein and livelihood to millions worldwide. Fish intestinal microbiota research has gained increased importance in recent years due to its critical roles in fish health, growth, disease resistance, and production. Nonetheless, advanced aquaculture research like fish intestinal microbiota, faces significant challenges in Africa because of inadequate...
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In Ethiopia, enset is one of the indigenous root crops widely cultivated in the south and south western parts, particularly in Wonchi district. Enset product specifically kocho is a major source of food and cash income for majority of smallholder farmers. Enset processing and its product marketing is left for women regardless of the tediousness of the process. Though, it is considered as female’s work by the community,...
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Soil texture and precipitation influence soil organic carbon sequestration. This research measured soil texture to assess the organic carbon sequestration potential of the soils in agroforestry parklands according to a rainfall gradient for sites recommendations to promote agroforestry to mitigate climate change in Burkina Faso. Soil samples were collected at layers 0- 10, 10 - 20 and 20 - 30 cm in agroforestry parklands...
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Use of pesticide in cowpea production has remained on the front burner of discuss on sustainable cowpea production due to prevailing threat of insect pests, increasing cost of chemicals, threat of environmental hazard and concern for food safety. This study therefore evaluated different spraying regimes on production of two cowpea varieties in the humid South West Agro-ecologies with the aim of recommending optimum...
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Developing salt tolerant varieties is the best solution to the increasing soil salinity problem of rice growing areas throughout the world. This study evaluated salinity tolerance of 72 lowland rice genotypes at the reproductive stage in field experiments conducted in coastal Marovoay, Madagascar. Field salinity levels were controlled at 2 and 4 dS m-1 through irrigation. Tolerance of selected genotypes was validated in...
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The South African sugar industry is considered by the South African Sugar Association (SASA) as one of the world’s leading cost competitive producers of high-quality sugar and contributes significantly to the national economy, sustainable development and creates mass employment in rural areas. However, numerous challenges are faced by small scale sugarcane growers which drastically affect their profit margins and...
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Tomato production is constrained by arthropod pests which cause significant damage reducing both quality and quantity of the yields. These arthropod pests include tomato leaf miner, whitefly and red spider mite. Over-reliance and use of chemical pesticides to control these pests have led to the loss of efficacy against them. Host plant resistance, a key component in Integrated Pest Management as a long term intervention...
Review on causes and management of soil acidity in Highland of Ethiopia
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In Ethiopia, large areas of highlands with altitude of >1500 m located in almost all regional states of the country are affected by soil acidity. About 43% of the Ethiopian arable land is affected by soil acidity. The main factors giving rise to increased soil acidity in Ethiopia include climatic factors such as high amount of precipitation (that exceeds evapo-transpiration which leaches appreciable amounts of exchangeable...
Phytosociological survey of weeds in cassava growth area
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The presence of weeds in agricultural crops causes direct losses in productivity, causing economic losses, which makes it necessary to know the quality and quantity of weeds that compete with agriculture crops. Therefore, the objective of this work was to identify the weed community associated with cassava cultivation through a phytosociological survey, carried out in a cassava cultivation area, in the city of Nampula. The...
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The use of liquid and peaty inoculants containing Bradyrhizobium japonicum strains to supply nitrogen to soybean has already been consolidated. However, in recent years, the co-inoculation technology has been used, where, besides the inoculum based on B. japonicum, strains of diazotrophic bacteria of the genus Azospirillum brasilense have been inoculated, which has been proven to be effective in grasses of great economic...
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Ero Dam is noticed to be exposed to several cases of abuse from human activities judging from preliminary studies of its quality assessment. Therefore, this research aimed at evaluating the impacts of human activities on some qualitative attributes of the dam using standard laboratory procedures. The physicochemical attributes of the dam water established that most of the parameters were statistically higher (p
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Common bean is one of the most important sources of protein in Ethiopia and other developing countries. However, the Mexican bean weevil, Zabrotes subfasciatus (Boheman), is a major factor in the storage of common beans that causes losses. Studies were conducted to evaluate the efficacy of botanical powders of Jatropha curcas (L.), Neem/Azadrachta indica and Parthenium hysterophorus (L) on local common bean varieties...
Performance Evaluation of Solar-powered Spray Tube and Sprinkler Irrigation Systems
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Irrigated agriculture has been deemed a wasteful water user as a result of inefficiencies in most irrigation systems. Pressurized irrigation needs a steady pumping system to ensure constant uniformity of the irrigation system, which is hard under directly coupled solar-powered irrigation. This study aimed to evaluate the performance of two (2) different water application systems namely spray tube and sprinkler irrigation...
The mixed hard ticks species (ixodidae) distribution in some selected areas of Afar Region
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This research gives an understanding to identify common tick species, which infest Afar cattle. Total of 3922 ticks were randomly collected from selected districts of Afar Region, Ethiopia. Generally, four genera of ticks were found: Abmlyomma, Rhipiciphalus, Hyaloma and Boophilus sub-type. The highest three ranking species are Rhipiciphalus pulchilis 34.5%, Rhipiciphalus evertsi 14.9%, Amblyoma hebraeum 13.5% and the...
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Ticks are notorious blood sucking insects causing irritation, restlessness, disease transmission, and lesion on the skin to animals and human. Tick invasion problem urges researching their behavior, geographical distribution, veterinary importance and species distribution statistics. Principal Component Analysis on the dynamics of hard tick species distribution with Generalized Linear Model in R base software was through....
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To analyze the dynamics of tick burden on Afar cattle R studio software base principal component analysis was through. The average tick burden counted was 19.14 ticks on individual animal, the maximum tick load was 129 and minimum was 0. Among the body predilection sites maximum tick burden was on ear 59 ticks, anus/vulva 57 were counted, while the lowest burden was neck 13 and abdomen 5 ticks. The level of burden in...
Mixed hard ticks (ixodidae) species burden count on afar cattle
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Cattle are exposed to various levels of parasite burden challenges. Among the common parasites ticks are identified as the most notorious threat to cattle due to sever irritation, toxic effect, allergy , means of diseases transmission, anemia and are of socio-economic and veterinary medicine importance. The motto of this research was to divulge the significance and degree of Ixodidea (hard ticks) invasion problem in some...
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Weeds are among the limiting factors that influence inter-competition for resources, hinder harvesting and low production of cashew (Anacardium occidental L.) in Tanzania. The current study determined the distribution, characteristics and management of Dichapetalum stulhmannii. Distribution study involved a survey for weed presence in south-eastern, Tanzania. The characterization involved assessing the growth and...
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Lumpy skin disease (LSD) is an infectious disease of cattle, caused by a Lumpy Skin Disease Virus. It is an economically important viral disease of cattle affecting all ages and breeds that can be prevented by vaccination in endemic regions including Ethiopia. LSD is an OIE listed disease because of considerable financial losses and in Ethiopia due to the endemic nature of LSD; the country is facing serious difficulties in...
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This review investigates the role of agroecology as an intervention to fight hunger and promote sustainable food security among smallholder farmers. The aim of the paper was to review basic principles of agroecology, and discussed the current status of global hunger. Finally, the study reflected on the potential of agroecology in sustaining food security. In response to the unsustainable technologies of green revolution...
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Plants grown in acid soils experiences a variety of stresses which include aluminium, hydrogen and/or manganese toxicity, as well as nutrient deficiencies of calcium and magnesium. A study was carried out to determine the influence of soil pH levels of iron and zinc in leaves and seeds of twenty five common bean genotypes. Plastics cups trial was carried out in the screen house to determine the actual amount of quick lime...
Less Water Treatment: Fusion of Drip Irrigation and Hydroponics Method in Agriculture
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Agriculture is the major area to produce food crops and increase productivity with less water. In normal agriculture farmers can produce good and healthy crops in certain period of time. This research focused an innovative fusion idea of agriculture to produce more yield in less time. It will be easier and useful while comparing to Hydroponics and Cocopeat methods. The current fusion of Drip Irrigation and Hydroponics...
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Evidence contradicting the usual negative relationship between farm size and productivity in Sub-Saharan Africa (SSA) casts doubt on the viability of a smallholder-led development strategy. This paper examine the relationship between farm size and total factor productivity by employing a Cobb-Douglas production and survey data from mainland Tanzania. Two important contributions are highlighted: (1) examine relationship...
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The Present study was conducted to find the effect of vermicompost application on yield and some other parameters of cabbage under highly weathered soils of Uganda. Five rates of vermicomposte (0, 5, 10, 15 and 20 t/ha) were applied on cabbage, planted in plots and arranged in RCBD during three seasons with three replications each. Plant height, number of leaves and Leaf size were measured during the vegetative growth...
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A study was conducted to investigate the effect of reducing broadcast seeding rates on Tef yield and yield components during the 2013 cropping season in Ebinat District. A study was important to determine the optimum seed rate in order to increase Tef yields. A randomized complete block design (RCBD) with three replications was used to generate reduced seeding rates at nine levels: 5, 7.5, 10, 12, 5, 15, 17, 5, 20, and 25...
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Farmers in Ethiopia have traditionally practiced agroforestry to improve soil fertility. Yet, there is a paucity of information on the effects of scattered trees in farmlands on soil fertility. The study aimed to investigate whether scattered Faidherbia albida trees in farmers’ land in the Kenna District, Konso Zone, southern Ethiopia, affect soil properties. We selected three farmlands, and in each farmland, we designated...
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Livestock production sector could be responsible for zoonotic diseases which have public health and economic importance. The present study assessed knowledge, attitudes, and practices (KAP) about zoonotic diseases among smallholder cattle farmers in Gicumbi District of Rwanda. The data were collected from 120 randomly farmers through a Semi-structured questionnaire, then coded and analyzed using Statistical Package of...
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The experiment was conducted with the aim of assessing the effect of increasing levels of protein and energy supplements on feed intake and body weight change of Black Head Somali sheep. Randomized complete block design was employed with 5 treatments and 6 blocks. The average initial weight of the yearling experimental sheep was 22.19 ± 0.21 kg. The supplement feed was formulated from groundnut cake, brewery dried grain...
Physico-chemical properties of irradiated fresh tomatoes
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This study aimed to evaluate the effect of various levels of gamma irradiation on the physico-chemical composition of fresh tomatoes. Tomato samples were irradiated in a Co-60 gamma irradiator and maintained at 25 °C ± 2 storage conditions. The experiment was designed with five treatments of radiation dose (0, 0.5, 0.75 1.0, 1.5, and 2 kGy). Before irradiation, the initial composition of physical-chemical properties were...
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Information on the effects of various land-use types on selected soil properties is critical for the sustainable use of soil resources. As a result, this study was carried out to assess the variation of soil properties attributable to land-use types and soil depth of the western highland of Oromia. A total of 45 composite soil samples were collected from forest, grass, eucalyptus plantation, cultivate and grazing lands...
The role of conservation agriculture in sustainable crop production: A Review
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The world human population is expected to increase from 7.7 billion in 2019 to 9.7 billion in 2050. To meet the world`s food demand, agricultural systems around the world are required to change from the current scenario to produce more food sustainably. In this regard Conservation Agriculture has been advocated as an agricultural system capable of attaining the sustainable intensification required to meet world food...
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