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Recent agricultural and economic growth has been impressive in Sub Saharan Africa (SSA), explained in part by decades of donor investments. Sustaining recent progress will hence require a fundamental reshaping of SSA host country government policy priorities, which traditionally underinvest in agricultural research. This article investigates country-specific factors that explain government’s tendencies towards policy bias...
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Two experiments were conducted at the Multipurpose Crop Nursery Research fields of the AAMUSTED, Mampong-Ashanti during the 2018 major (March-July) and minor (September-December) seasons to assess the effect of organic and inorganic fertilizers and their combinations on the growth and yield of carrot. Four organic manures [cattle dung (CD), poultry manure (PM), Gliricidia sepium prunnings (GP) and Leucaena leucocephala...
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Spodoptera frugiperda (J.E. Smith) is an invasive insect pest and a major maize production bottleneck since 2016 in Ethiopia. A field experiment was undertaken in 2019/20 at Werer Agricultural Center to assess the effectiveness and economics of handpicking against S. frugiperda management on maize at Middle-Awash, Ethiopia. The treatments consisted of nine laid out into a Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) and...
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In recent years, plant factories have developed rapidly and played an important role in modern agricultural production. Finding the best lighting formula has become the most basic and important research topic for the industrialization of the plant factory with artificial lighting (PFAL) hydroponic Cichorium endivia L.. In this paper, the LED plant growth lamp with adjustable ratio of red, blue and white light intensity was...
Urban and Peri-urban Vegetable Production Effects on Farmers’ Livelihoods in Lagos State, Nigeria
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The issue of urban poverty as a result of population growth is becoming topical. City dwellers have long considered urban agriculture as a panacea to these problems. However, an assessment of the factors that influence urban and peri-urban production of subsistence vegetables (UPVP) by farmers in Lagos State has not gained prominence. Therefore, the study examined the effects UPVP on local livelihood subscales of farmers...
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Range pastures constitute the major source of livestock feeds throughout the year in the grazing areas of Uganda. However, pasture yields have been declining overtime yet there is limited information on efforts of improving pasture productivity through soil moisture management and nutrient conservation. This study assessed soil moisture conservation and nutrient management practices used by livestock farmers, sources of...
Implications of diet and quality consistence of feed on poultry layers egg quality
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Impaction of different brands of commercial layers feeds on egg quality was assessed in a complete block design with five treatments in three blocks replicated with twenty birds each. Hyline birds and the deep litter system were used. Feed constituents from proximate analysis was linearly correlated to quality parameters measured on the eggs. Results showed that nutrition impacts on most egg quality parameters except for...
Performance evaluation and identification of highland quality protein maize hybrids in Ethiopia
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Hybrid development from fixed inbred lines is one of the strategies for the improvement of maize production. Forty-two Quality Protein Maize (QPM) crosses along with three popular standard hybrids checks were evaluated in two replications using alpha lattice during the 2017 cropping season at three locations. The study aimed to evaluate and select the best new QPM hybrids for grain yield, and other traits. Significant...
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Evaluation of pepper genotypes for green pod purpose was carried out at Melkassa, Wonji and Fogera in 2018, 2019 and 2020 with the objective of identifying genotype by environment interaction and select elite lines of pepper from the genotypes. The data was subjected to analysis of variance, and means were obtained to perform the GGE-Biplot analysis. The graphic results showed variation in the performance of the genotypes...
Crop raiding and Attitude of local peoples towards wildlife conservation in Southwest, Ethiopia.
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Crop loss can undermine human welfare, conservation efforts and have an economic and social cost. This study was conducted to assess crop raiding and attitudes of farmers towards wildlife conservation along distance gradient from the forest edge, to surrounding the agricultural landscape of Yayu coffee forest biosphere reserve, south west Ethiopia. To conduct the data a total of thirty transects each 1km...
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This study was to evaluate the effect of biochar on tomato production under controlled conditions. Trials were installed following a complete randomized block design (CRD) with 5 replications of 4 treatments: T0 (0%); T1 (8%); T2 (12%) and T3 (16%). During plant growth, parameters including height, diameter, number of leaves; number of fruits and plant biomass were collected. Plant obtained from pot received biochar (T1,...
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The increased health effects due to pesticides among the agrarian population in Africa, particularly in Cameroon is a challenging concern. Therefore, this study aims to assess the health risks and risk perceptions of market garden producers towards the effects of pesticides in Cameroon. Using a multi-stage sampling technique, a sample of 560 producers in the Noun division, Western Region of Cameroon was obtained and an...
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Studying the spatial and temporal variability of soil micronutrients and their effects on plant growth are important for implementing precision-farming and/or economizing fertilizer management. The present investigation was done through soil sampling (0–20cm depth) from three locations in central Ethiopia. The tools employed include, descriptive and/or classical statistics. The concentrations of available copper ranged...
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Since the era of the monetary economy, monetary resources became a mandatory asset to cover various needs. Regarding the family farms, their needs can be grouped into two main categories: the needs as a family and those as a production unit. In Madagascar, for family farms, generating monetary resources remains a challenge due to various difficulties to link the agricultural outputs to the market. However, family farms...
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Spices are invaluable crops in Ethiopia and research, similar with coffee, started before many years. Availability of diverse agro ecology allowed the country to cultivate different spices; lowland (ginger, turmeric, black pepper, cardamom, vanilla) and highland seed spices (black cumin and white cumin, fenugreek, coriander) were some of the target in research. Appropriate crop management practices, next to varieties are...
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The variability in Agro-morphological and morphometric of 30 pigeon pea genotypes in two environments using seed image analysis was investigated. The experimental seeds were sourced from IITA, and IAR&T, Ibadan, Nigeria. An EPSON scanner was connected to a computer device to acquire an image of the seeds and the Regent instrument was used for the image analysis. For every replication, hundred seeds were placed on the...
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The strong climatic fluctuation observed during the major cocoa production period with reductions in rainfall and rising temperatures lead to a low graining index. This climatic situation makes cocoa marketing difficult for producers. The stability of quantitative productivity parameters in six cacao clones on farm was analyzed during the main production season. Flowering, average pod weight, number of beans per pod,...
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In Brazil, the most important disease in cassava crop is bacteriosis, which is caused by Xanthomonas axonopodis pv. manihotis, The variety of substances found in plants has provided an increase in experiments using plant extracts, for in vitro control of phytopathogens. The objective of this work was to evaluate different extracts for the control of Xanthomonas axonopodis p.v. manihotis as well as to evaluate the...
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For decades, debates among African leaders have centred on possible solutions to the continent's food security dilemma. If not addressed, the continued increase in population density and the accompanying pressures from conflicting demands for land in many Sub-Saharan African nations, including Nigeria, have the potential to exacerbate the arable land situation in the near future. To achieve increased production, African...
Analysis of Inputs Variability on Rice Growth Stages in Mbeya Region
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As rice develops from sowing to harvesting stages require a combination of both natural and non-natural inputs. Thus, at every stage, specific proportions are demanded as aggregates which contribute to the final yields. Understanding these inputs and their impacts on rice yield will help the small scale rice farmers in Tanzania to boost rice yields. This study pursues to (i) characterize rice farmers’ in Mbeya Region of...
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Iron deficiency induced by bicarbonate is very common in calcareous soils, where bicarbonate (HCO3-) ions are present at high concentrations. The purpose of this study was to investigate the variability of physiological response of six commercial basil cultivars (Large Green, Purple, Fine Green, Cinnamon, Marseille and Lemon) with diverse flavours to bicarbonate-induced iron chlorosis. Plants were grown under controlled...
Rice productivity and land ownership among rice farmers in Nigeria
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Access to land is a critical issue in agriculture production in developing countries; it affects farmers’ productivity and the adoption of improved agricultural technologies. Using a multi-stage random sampling technique this paper examines productivity and land ownership among rice farmers in two Nigerian states. Descriptive statistics, total factor productivity, and Multinomial Regression Model were employed. The result...
Performance of mustard varieties under saline prone areas of Bangladesh
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The experiment was conducted at farmers’ field with three disperse replicas in three different places viz. Satkhira (AEZ-11), Koyra (AEZ-13) and Bagerhat (AEZ-11) of Khulna division in the Rabi season of 2019-2020 to find out salt tolerant varieties for maximizing mustard yield as well as farmers’ income. Characterization was done with six varieties namely BARI Sarisha-11, BARI Sarisha-14, BARI Sarisha-16, BARI Sarisha-17...
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The experiment was conducted to evaluate the effect of treated baobab (Adansoniadigitata) seed meal (TBSM) on blood constituents of broiler chickens. Three hundred broiler chickens (Anak) were allotted to five treatments replicated thrice with 20 birds per replicate in a completely randomized design (CRD). The inclusion levels of the TBSM in the diets were 0, 10, 15, 20 and 25% for treatment 1 (Control), 2, 3, 4 and 5...
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Soybean is an economically important crop that provides oil and high-quality protein. In Burkina Faso, soybean is one of the promising crops identified in the framework of the strategy for the development of agricultural sectors. However, very few improved varieties have been developed. The identification of newly improved varieties with high agronomic potential and adapted to the climatic conditions will strengthen...
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Tree seeds of Milicia excelsa and Terminalia ivorensis always have seed germination difficulties. The main objective of this experiment is to study the seed germination of M. excelsa and T. ivorensis. In this study, a total of 1000 seeds of M. excelsa were tested using 9 pre-sowing treatments. On the other hand, a total of 300 seeds of T. ivorensis were tested using 2 pre-sowing treatments. Both tests were conducted at...
Economically Important of Sesame Insect Pests, Biology, Yield Damage, and Practice Management
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The current status of sesame insect pests in Ethiopia is reviewed. Sesame webworm, Antigastra catalaunali is the most common insect pest of sesame from seedling to harvest, causing a significant a seed yield loss. The pest life cycle took 24.13-25.99 days to complete. sesame seed bug, Elasmolmus sordidus the most serious pre-and post-harvest pest to sesame which causes a big weight loss during harvesting and threshing. In...
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The study was to contribute creating evidence from the government and NGOs intervention experience for further supporting durum wheat and vegetable value chains players in strengthening, expanding and in creating jobs for vulnerable youth in the target areas. With the specific objectives of this research was identify elements of the intervention that shall be further promoted, adjusted or discontinued, identify a range of...
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A laboratory investigation to evaluate the use of Ocimum gratissimum, essential oil to control the development of Formicococcus njalensis, the main vector of Cocoa Swollen shoot virus (CSSV) in West Africa was conducted. Commercial biopesticides (Squad, Agriphy, Mycotal and Banole), the essential oil of O. gratissimum obtained by hydrodistillation were compared at the concentration of 0 µl.l-1; 1000 µl.l-1; 2000 µl.l-1...
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Non-availability of water during important growth stages is a major constraint reducing common bean productivity worldwide. Measures to develop water stress tolerance are hampered by inconsistent correlations and various mechanisms involved to screen many lines within stipulated time. Canopy temperature depression (CTD) has been recognized as an indicator of overall plant water status and speeds up the selection of plants...
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The study investigates the impact of foreign aid on agricultural research in Ethiopia for the period covering 2011-2020. The study revealed that donors’ allocations accounted for an average of 23% of the total funding received by the institute in 2020 in the form of loans and grants. The donor investment in agricultural research has been declining and has experienced negative growth rates over the past 5 years from 33% in...
Compositional and Sensory Attributes of Gouda Cheese Made from Lactoperoxidase Activated Cow’s Milk
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The current study was made to assess the suitability of raw cow’s milk preserved by lactoperoxidase system (LPs) for the manufacture of Gouda cheese. Fresh cow’s milk was sampled from Datto milk collection center, Hawassa. Lactoperoxidase enzyme was activated within two hours after milking by addition of 14 ml of freshly prepared solution of 1 mg/ml sodium thiocyanate (SCN-) and 10 ml of freshly prepared solution of 1mg/ml...
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Potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) is one of the most important tuber crops produced in Ethiopia. However, production and productivity of the crop is far below the world average due to poor crop, soil fertility and water management practices. An experiment was therefore conducted to study the effect of different Nitrogen (N) and Phosphorus (P) levels on growth, yield and quality of potato. Treatments consisted of four levels of...
Potential of aqueous neem extract for Thaumastocoris peregrinus control.
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Eucalyptus cultivation has undergone great expansion in recent years due to the increase in commercial production of this wood for the paper, cellulose and steel industries. One of the main factors responsible for production losses is insect attack. The main insect that acts as a pest, devastating eucalyptus plantations is Thaumastocoris peregrinus, being controlled through the application of synthetic insecticides. The...
Review on Teff production and Marketing in Ethiopia
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In Ethiopia, Teff is very important cereal crops in consumption and income generating. Secondary data were collected to review the marketing actors and their roles, S-C-P and production and marketing constraints and opportunities. Based on the reviewed data producers, traders, cooperatives and consumers were the major actors in teff marketing. The type of market structure in teff marketing was dominated by strong oligopoly...
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This study identified the challenges of youth entrepreneurial skills development in agriculture-base livelihoods among rural families in Ethiope East Local Government Area of Delta State, Nigeria. Two-stage sampling procedure was used to select sample for the study. Data were collected with the use of questionnaire and analyzed using descriptive statistical tools. Results showed that the major non-agro based livelihood...
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The effects and applicability of conservation agriculture in different farming contexts are highly contested. Yet, there has been limited attempt to adapt the conservation agriculture system to the conditions of resource-poor farmers, focusing primarily on the existing farmers’ capacity and objective to practice conservation agriculture. The study assessed the factors that influence adoption and dis-adoption of...
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Globally, there is almost no comparison to the food losses and wastes recorded for fruits. With the Covid-19 pandemic necessitating that countries look inwards to combat hunger and improve food securitythrough proactive prevention of postharvest losses. Cell-free supernatants (CFS) of Aspergillus, Alternaria and Penicillium were tested for their preservative abilities using Agar well diffusion assay, on one hand, and...
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The most important prerequisite in crop improvement is the selection of suitable parents, which could combine well and produce desirable hybrids. However, narrow genetic base, lack of potential hybrids and lack of information on the genetic components are the most important limiting factors for sorghum yield improvement. Therefore, the present study was conducted to estimate the combining abilities and heterosis for yield...
Agrobiological characteristic and potential of Bulgarian pea varieties
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An agrobiological characteristic and capacity for green mass and seed production from Bulgarian pea (Pisum sativum L.) varieties and a breeding line both created at the Institute of Plant Genetic Resources (IPRG) – Sadovo has been carried out for fifteen years. The choice of varieties is based on their qualities such as early productivity and winter resistance. The pea yield, green mass, the yield of crude protein (kg/...
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Experiments were conducted for studying the foraging behaviour of a blowfly species Chrysomya putoria (Diptera: Calliphoridae) on Ricinus communis (Euphorbiaceae) in a Sudano-Sahelian area of Cameroon in 2017 and 2018. To do so, castor bean plants were flagged and fly foraging parameters were recorded. The effects of blowfly activity on pollination and fruiting rate of R. communis were estimated by comparing unrestricted...
Influence of Blended NPS Fertilizer on Yield-Related and Growth Traits of Bread Wheat in Ethiopia
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Nutrient deficiency and absence of locally adapted varieties are the problems in reduction of wheat production in Ethiopia. Hence, experiment was conducted to assess the effect of blended NPS fertilizer on bread wheat varieties (Triticum aestivum L) and to determine the economically feasible fertilizer rate for production. The results revealed that days to heading, maturity, plant height, number of effective tillers per...
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Field experiment was conducted on two locations Goldia and Kure at South Omo Zone, in the SNNP, region Ethiopia, during the main cropping season from June–November, 2020 G.C for evaluating agronomic and symbiotic performance of field pea varieties in response to Rhizobial inoculant and N-fertilization under field conditions of South Omo highlands of Ethiopia. The experiment was laid out by RCBD factorial design comprising...
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Spatial and temporal variability of irrigation requirement play an important role in crop growth and yield in agricultural systems. Due to erratic rainfall, irrigation water management are critical for sugar cane cultivation, a raw material for sugar production. But irrigation requirement depends on the soil type, climatic condition, and topography and in this regard, there is a limitation in the Arjo-Dedessa sugar factory...
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Tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum L.) is one of the most important vegetables in the world and its demand has increased and so factors affecting its production are key for evaluation. The yields of tomato in Ghana are low and supplemented by imports from neighbouring countries. This study investigated the effects of deficit drip irrigation and mulch on reproductive and yield traits of two tomato varieties. The experiment was...
Availability and Utilization of Livestock Feed Resources in Ethiopia: A review
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Livestock feed resources include natural pasture, crop leftovers, enhanced forage, hay, industrial by-products, and other feeds. Natural pasture is the predominant feed resource in Ethiopia during the wet season, whereas agricultural leftovers are significant during the dry season. Natural pasture makes up around a quarter of the country's total land area. However, due to seasonal changes in rainfall, poor grazing field...
Evaluation of the Parasites Associated with Talinum fruticosum
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The intestinal parasitic quality of fresh commercial waterleaf (Talinum fruticosum) from Amai was investigated. A total of 30 fresh Talinum fruticosum (waterleaf) leaves was sourced from Amai central market and transported to the laboratory for examination. The leaves were washed in normal saline before centrifuging the saline for microscopic examination. The results obtained showed that the majority of the vegetables...
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Study was performed at lower Wabishebele sub-basin in Somali region south eastern Ethiopia to analyze the land use and cover and spatial variability of soil chemical properties of the sub-basin and develop soil map. A total of 41 soil samples were collected from 0-30 cm depth and analyzed for; pH Total Nitrogen (TN), Available Phosphorus (AP), and Exchangeable Potassium (EK). The data was analyzed through descriptive...
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Early and late leaf spots caused by Cercospora arachidicola and Phaeoisariopsis personata respectively, are the most widespread peanut fungal diseases in West Africa. These diseases lead to notable crop losses in the rural area. In the recent decades, chemical fungicides are used to fight against crop losses, but these chemical substances cause big damages to the environment including the animals and human beings. Thus,...
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Our study aims to evaluate the phenotype of nine genotypes of rice, during two consecutive seasons, in plots of rice farmers in irrigated plains Kou valley and Di. We implanted a Fisher block with three replicates at both of these sites on plots that had previously been shown to have a high incidence of BLS. The incidence, severity, growth rate of the disease, and the average yield of the different genotypes tested were...
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