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Maize is the main staple food crop and dominates farming systems in Malawi. Maize farming covers 92% of Malawi’s arable land contributing to 54% of national caloric intake. For this reason, the Government has over the decades implemented annual fertilizer subsidy programs for maize production as a key strategy to achieving food security. However, national fertilizer (Basal 23:10:5+6S+1Zn and Top 46%N) remains the only...
Adoption and Impact of Fruit Fly Control Technologies on Mango Losses in Senegal
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Senegal's mango production and export industry has seen remarkable growth, contributing CFAF 8 billion to the economy and generating nearly 20,000 jobs, with women comprising half of the workforce. However, this success is threatened by fruit fly infestations, resulting in potential losses of up to 100% of the production. WAAPP Program was implemented from 2011 to 2013 to combat this issue in Senegal. This research...
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Lack of suitable varieties that exhibit stable yield performances across wide ranges of environments is the major factor among several production constraints contributing to low productivity of linseed in Ethiopia. Thirteen linseed genotypes were planted in Randomized Complete Block Design with three replications at six linseed major growing agro-ecologies of Northern, central and Southeastern Ethiopia (Werabe, D\Markos,...
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Sorghum is a staple food for rural populations in Burkina Faso, but its cultivation is limited by post-flowering drought-stress and, therefore, requires improvement to cope with moisture stress. The present investigation searches for drought tolerant germplasm to improve local susceptible elite varieties. One hundred and ten accessions including improved and exotic materials were assessed in fully irrigated and terminal...
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Increasing maize productivity for small landholder farmers has a big potential to uplift the living standards of poor household through increasing production and consumption. This study, therefore, examined the determinants of productivity and market access among smallholder maize farmers in Bilate Zuria woreda using the Probit model and Cobb Douglass production functions. The socio-economic results found that the average...
A review of phycoremediation of heavy metals in industrial waste water
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Environmental Pollutants such as heavy metals poised serious threat to biological systems. Heavy metals which could be natural or anthropogenic sourced are non-degradable pollutants and must be eliminated or reduced to certain quantity that is analytically presumed to be a safe limit before discharging into the environment to avoid injurious effects on biological systems. This review work showed the abilities of microalgae...
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Leaf blight caused by Phytophthora colocasiae pose a serious threat to taro production in the sudannian climatic zone of Burkina Faso. The study aims to assess producers' knowledge about the disease, its consequences and field management practices. An ethnobotanical survey was conducted among taro producers between June and July 2021. Data were collected using a semi-structured questionnaire and analyzed through the...
Land tenure security and agricultural production in the rural areas of Burkina Faso
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The security of land tenure is a critical aspect of enhancing agricultural production in rural areas of Burkina Faso. The aim of this analysis is to examine the impact of land tenure security on agricultural production and utilise the Mixed Conditional Process method to derive estimators in a recursive equation model. We employ panel data from the Programme National de Gestion des Terroirs spanning the cropping seasons of...
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The experiment was conducted in Uganda 2013, in two locations; National Crops Resources Research Institute (NaCRRI) in Namulonge representing the lowland at 1150 meters above sea level, and Buginyanya Zonal Agricultural Research Development Institute (BugiZARDI) in Buginyanya located in highlands sites in Eastern Uganda at >1750 m.a.s.l. A total of 4800 botanical seeds collected from 24 half-sib families were planted in...
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A study aiming at enhancing the production and productivity of small-scale family poultry production system in urban and peri-urban areas, through demonstration and evaluation of dual purpose chicken breed conducted in Shashemene and Kuyera districts. In the study, five households (HHs) were involved and two days training on basic chicken management (health and nutrition) given at HH level. Each HH received 50 a day-old...
Generation mean analysis of fruit yield and yield related traits in tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.)
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Information on gene actions controlling the expression of traits from generation mean analysis is critical for developing heterotic hybrids and/or selection of lines from segregating generations. The study was conducted under irrigation condition at West Wallega Zone Gimbi Destric from October 2020 to June 2021. Two extremely different lines viz. ARP tomato d2 (Floradado) (fresh market tomato) with higher TSS, pH value,...
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This study focused on factors affecting improved (Limu) maize variety adoption and its use intensity in Dale Wabara District. Qualitative and quantitative data were collected from primary and secondary sources. A Multi-stage sampling technique was employed to select 319 households for primary data collection. The data were analyzed using descriptive statistics and double hurdle model. Descriptive statistics were used to...
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Investigations were conducted to study the impact of Xylocopa olivacea on Vigna unguiculata yields and its foraging and pollinating activities were studied at Djoumassi from October 30th to November 04th in 2018 and from 04th to 10th October in 2019. Observations were made on 540 flowers divided into four treatments of which two were differentiated according to the presence or absence of flower protection regarding insect...
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Improving agricultural technologies in Ethiopia is a robust way to address the millions of smallholder households who are exposed to food insecurity and vulnerability. In the country, various factors restrain households from the adoption of improved agricultural technologies. This study examines the intensity of adoption of the improved Quncho teff variety and the factors that affect its adoption in Kiramu district,...
Heterogeneity in maize (Zea mays L.) landrace seeds of the Lake Zone of Tanzania
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Among the most likely genetic shortcomings of landrace varieties is a lack of genetic uniformity and variety purity. An analysis of genetic heterogeneity was performed on 40 maize landrace seed samples collected from the Lake Zone regions of Tanzania using the Grow Out Test (GOT) method in Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD). Seed samples were replicated four times, which resulted in 160 experimental units at the SUA...
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Malawi’s economy is agro-based, yet soils are continuously depleted of nutrients threatening development, food, and nutrition security. Current blanket application of fertilizers doesn’t often match with nutrient deficiencies in the diverse soils of Malawi. Further, blanket fertilizer application results in over-fertilization which brings about greenhouse gas emissions from highly fertilized soils contributing to climate...
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The study compared the hematological profiles of cultured and wild Clarias gariepinus from selected fish farms and rivers in Southeast Nigeria. Wild fish were collected from Anambra, Imo, Otamiri and Cross Rivers while farmed fish were sampled from Awka, Umuahia, Owerri and Abakiliki farms. 15 C. gariepinus were collected monthly from each of the rivers and farms for 12 months (January – December 2022). The overall mean...
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The aim of this work was to assess the effect of different application rates of NPK fertiliser on the productivity of winter triticale varieties in podzolic soils. In this particular study 3 varieties of winter triticale: Guera, Nemchinovskaya 56, Nina were evaluated in 2020-2022 on the experimental fields of FIC "Nemchinovka". The best response to mineral nutrition was observed in the Guera variety, which was also more...
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A survey (i) to study livestock production system, reproductive and productive performance traits of cattle and (ii) to recognize constraints to cattle production was conducted in selected districts of eastern Tigray zone. Six tabias (the smallest administrative unit consisting of several villages) were selected. Mixed crop-livestock farming system dominates the area. Overall herd size was 5.14±2.68. Cattle are reared for...
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Bambara groundnut (Vigna subterranean (L) Verdc.) is a grain legume underutilized in Africa. The objective of this study was to determine the extent of phenotypic and genotypic variability of the introduced accessions and the relationship between the traits, which would aid in the selection of elite accessions. A field trial was conducted in Tepi, southwestern Ethiopia, during the 2021/22 cropping season. 276 Bambara...
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The study was carried out to evaluate the growth performance, yield and chemical composition of chomo grass (Brachiaria humidicola) by application of different levels of coffee husk biochar and inorganic fertilizers. The experimental design was a Randomized Complete Block Design with three replications. The treatments were: T1= Zero fertilizer, T2= 100% Biochar, T3= 75% Biochar and 25% inorganic fertilizer, T4=50% Biochar...
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The study was conducted between January 2021 and March 2022 in 2local governmentsof Kano State, Nigeria(namely: Sallarin, {TarauniLG}andKofan Dan Agundi,{Municipal LG}). The objective of the study are to examine the socioeconomic characteristics of fish farmers, estimate the opportunities of the burrow pits fish production systems and identify the problems facing fish farmers in the study areas.Specifically, the results...
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Ethiopia is the most soil fertility-degraded part of the world, caused by continuous cultivation of monocrops, insufficient organic matter application, and integrated soil fertility management (ISFM). The main objective of this study was to examine the adoption level and factors influencing ISFM in Siyadeberna Wayu Woreda, Amhara National Regional State, Ethiopia. A cross-sectional survey research design was used. A...
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Pod borer (Helicoverpa armigera) is one of the major causes of low productivity in pigeon pea (Cajanus cajan) in Kenya. This study determined the effect of Nimbedicine, Pyagro and Bacillus thuringiensis on pod borer and grain yield performance of two pigeon pea varieties. The experiments were set up in Kapkayo and Koibatek during April-September, 2020 and May-October, 2021 cropping seasons. The experiment was laid in split...
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A field experiment was carried out during 2018 rainy season at Bayero University Research Farm (110 57’N, 8024’E) and Garko, in Garko local Government area, Kano state (22011’N, 680008’E) to evaluate the effect of groundnut varieties and plant botanicals on the control of Alectra vogelii in the Sudan savanna of Nigeria. The experiment consisted of four groundnut varieties (Kwankwaso, Maibargo, Sabaiya and Samnut–24) and...
Effects of Climate Change on Livestock Farmers in Mundri East County
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The study was conducted on the effect of climate change on livestock production in Mundri East County of Western Equatoria state, South Sudan. Data were collected by using a cross-sectional questionnaire administered to 120 households who used to rear livestock in two Payams of Kediba and Lakamadi respectively. Majorities (75%) of the households were male and had more than 20 years’ experiences in livestock production....
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The magnitude of heterosis provides a basis for genetic diversity and guideline to the choice of desirable parents for developing superior F1 hybrids. This study was carried out to exploit hybrid vigour and for building gene pool to be exploitation in population improvement. Heterosis and nature of gene action for morphoagronomic traits, oil content and fatty acid composition in linseed. Eight parents, their 28 F1crosses...
Southwestern Kenya’s Smallholder Dairy Farmers’ Climate Change Perceptions, Knowledge and Adaptation
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Globally, climate change (CC) adaptation is critical as CC compounds smallholder dairy farmers’ challenges. Farmers’ CC perceptions and knowledge could influence their CC adaptations. This study in Southwestern Kenya sought to establish smallholder dairy farmers’ CC perceptions and CC knowledge level and their relationships to CC adaptations. Concurrent Fixed Mixed Methods was used to collect data from 367 smallholder...
Effect of Turmeric-calamansi Supplementation on the Drinking Water of Broiler Chickens
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The purpose of this study is to determine the effects of turmeric and Calamansi juice as water supplement on the live and carcass weight performance of broiler chicken. The research was carried out using completely randomized design (CRD). Ninety-six broiler chickens were raised from day old to 45 days old chicks. The chicks was supplemented with water supplements according to treatments. The study used four treatments...
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The present study deals the assessment of changes in soil properties and plant nutrient contents of sorghum and soybean crop after 40 years of continuous application of reclaimed sewer water as affected by the crop season. Results of the study revealed that the various soil properties and plant nutrients of the crops viz., sorghum and soybean highly influenced by the 40 years continuous application of the sewer water....
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Rice (Oryza sativa L.) is an important global food commodity crop. Its yield was affected by genotype, environment, and the interaction between genotype and environment that demands the development of diverse tolerant rice to increase yields and adaptation. Genotype & Environment interaction for yields of rice Tongil types with doubled haploid (DH) were evaluated in three locations. A randomized complete block design...
Response of Coffee (Coffea arabica L.) Varieties to Heat Stress at Seedling Stage
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Heat effect is the indirect consequence of high temperatures often formed by the accumulation of greenhouse gases (GHGs). It is the most dangerous for sensitive crops due to morphological deformation, overgrowth, and disturbs normal plant physiology such as Arabica coffee (Coffea arabica L.), and less information regarding to this issue. This study aimed to investigate the responses of released coffee varieties to heat...
Genetic diversity of Cleome gynandra germplasm in Burkina Faso using SSRs molecular markers
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Cleome gynandra L. is an important traditional leafy vegetable in Burkina Faso diets. Because of its high nutritional value, it makes a good dietary supplement, providing an important nutritional and medicinal requirement. The aim of the present study was to assess the genetic diversity and intra- and interpopulation relationships of the C gynandra collection using SSR molecular markers specific to Cleome gynandra. Nine...
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This paper aims to understand farmers’ perceptions and challenges in production and use of traditional grains as well as feed manufacturers perceptions on inclusion of traditional grains in feed formulations. The study also seeks to ascertain the opportunities for increased adoption of traditional grains as an adaptive strategy to climate change. Climate change has contributed to a shift in seasons and precipitation,...
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In Ethiopia, enset is one of the indigenous root crops widely cultivated in the south and south western parts, particularly in Wonchi district. Enset product specifically kocho is a major source of food and cash income for majority of smallholder farmers. Enset processing and its product marketing is left for women regardless of the tediousness of the process. Though, it is considered as female’s work by the community,...
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Soil texture and precipitation influence soil organic carbon sequestration. This research measured soil texture to assess the organic carbon sequestration potential of the soils in agroforestry parklands according to a rainfall gradient for sites recommendations to promote agroforestry to mitigate climate change in Burkina Faso. Soil samples were collected at layers 0- 10, 10 - 20 and 20 - 30 cm in agroforestry parklands...
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Use of pesticide in cowpea production has remained on the front burner of discuss on sustainable cowpea production due to prevailing threat of insect pests, increasing cost of chemicals, threat of environmental hazard and concern for food safety. This study therefore evaluated different spraying regimes on production of two cowpea varieties in the humid South West Agro-ecologies with the aim of recommending optimum...
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The South African sugar industry is considered by the South African Sugar Association (SASA) as one of the world’s leading cost competitive producers of high-quality sugar and contributes significantly to the national economy, sustainable development and creates mass employment in rural areas. However, numerous challenges are faced by small scale sugarcane growers which drastically affect their profit margins and...
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Tomato production is constrained by arthropod pests which cause significant damage reducing both quality and quantity of the yields. These arthropod pests include tomato leaf miner, whitefly and red spider mite. Over-reliance and use of chemical pesticides to control these pests have led to the loss of efficacy against them. Host plant resistance, a key component in Integrated Pest Management as a long term intervention...
Review on causes and management of soil acidity in Highland of Ethiopia
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In Ethiopia, large areas of highlands with altitude of >1500 m located in almost all regional states of the country are affected by soil acidity. About 43% of the Ethiopian arable land is affected by soil acidity. The main factors giving rise to increased soil acidity in Ethiopia include climatic factors such as high amount of precipitation (that exceeds evapo-transpiration which leaches appreciable amounts of exchangeable...
Phytosociological survey of weeds in cassava growth area
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The presence of weeds in agricultural crops causes direct losses in productivity, causing economic losses, which makes it necessary to know the quality and quantity of weeds that compete with agriculture crops. Therefore, the objective of this work was to identify the weed community associated with cassava cultivation through a phytosociological survey, carried out in a cassava cultivation area, in the city of Nampula. The...
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The use of liquid and peaty inoculants containing Bradyrhizobium japonicum strains to supply nitrogen to soybean has already been consolidated. However, in recent years, the co-inoculation technology has been used, where, besides the inoculum based on B. japonicum, strains of diazotrophic bacteria of the genus Azospirillum brasilense have been inoculated, which has been proven to be effective in grasses of great economic...
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Ero Dam is noticed to be exposed to several cases of abuse from human activities judging from preliminary studies of its quality assessment. Therefore, this research aimed at evaluating the impacts of human activities on some qualitative attributes of the dam using standard laboratory procedures. The physicochemical attributes of the dam water established that most of the parameters were statistically higher (p
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Common bean is one of the most important sources of protein in Ethiopia and other developing countries. However, the Mexican bean weevil, Zabrotes subfasciatus (Boheman), is a major factor in the storage of common beans that causes losses. Studies were conducted to evaluate the efficacy of botanical powders of Jatropha curcas (L.), Neem/Azadrachta indica and Parthenium hysterophorus (L) on local common bean varieties...
Performance Evaluation of Solar-powered Spray Tube and Sprinkler Irrigation Systems
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Irrigated agriculture has been deemed a wasteful water user as a result of inefficiencies in most irrigation systems. Pressurized irrigation needs a steady pumping system to ensure constant uniformity of the irrigation system, which is hard under directly coupled solar-powered irrigation. This study aimed to evaluate the performance of two (2) different water application systems namely spray tube and sprinkler irrigation...
The mixed hard ticks species (ixodidae) distribution in some selected areas of Afar Region
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This research gives an understanding to identify common tick species, which infest Afar cattle. Total of 3922 ticks were randomly collected from selected districts of Afar Region, Ethiopia. Generally, four genera of ticks were found: Abmlyomma, Rhipiciphalus, Hyaloma and Boophilus sub-type. The highest three ranking species are Rhipiciphalus pulchilis 34.5%, Rhipiciphalus evertsi 14.9%, Amblyoma hebraeum 13.5% and the...
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Ticks are notorious blood sucking insects causing irritation, restlessness, disease transmission, and lesion on the skin to animals and human. Tick invasion problem urges researching their behavior, geographical distribution, veterinary importance and species distribution statistics. Principal Component Analysis on the dynamics of hard tick species distribution with Generalized Linear Model in R base software was through....
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To analyze the dynamics of tick burden on Afar cattle R studio software base principal component analysis was through. The average tick burden counted was 19.14 ticks on individual animal, the maximum tick load was 129 and minimum was 0. Among the body predilection sites maximum tick burden was on ear 59 ticks, anus/vulva 57 were counted, while the lowest burden was neck 13 and abdomen 5 ticks. The level of burden in...
Mixed hard ticks (ixodidae) species burden count on afar cattle
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Cattle are exposed to various levels of parasite burden challenges. Among the common parasites ticks are identified as the most notorious threat to cattle due to sever irritation, toxic effect, allergy , means of diseases transmission, anemia and are of socio-economic and veterinary medicine importance. The motto of this research was to divulge the significance and degree of Ixodidea (hard ticks) invasion problem in some...
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Weeds are among the limiting factors that influence inter-competition for resources, hinder harvesting and low production of cashew (Anacardium occidental L.) in Tanzania. The current study determined the distribution, characteristics and management of Dichapetalum stulhmannii. Distribution study involved a survey for weed presence in south-eastern, Tanzania. The characterization involved assessing the growth and...
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