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Development of the livestock sector in South Africa has the potential to contribute significantly to national development. The aim of this study was to explore challenges and propose recommendations to support livestock sector development in South Africa using a stakeholder-driven approach. Interviews with high-level stakeholders across major livestock industries were conducted to gather insights. Responses were verified...
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Peri-urban small-holder farms throughout Sub-Saharan Africa (SSA) are predominantly run by women who traditionally use livestock manure as a fertiliser. The rates applied are often inadequate for optimum crop yields contributing to low farmer income and exacerbating food insecurity in the region. This report summarises targetted fertilizer experiments in Uganda from 2010 to 2019 aimed to improve crop yield. Preliminary...
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This activity was conducted in Ilu-Gelan, Bako Tibe, Gobu Sayo, Sibu Sire, Bonaya Boshe and Ilu-Harar districts of Western Oromia with the objective of demonstrating the recently released maize varieties, BH-546 and BH-547 along with Limu as standard check to the farming community in these districts. These districts were purposively selected based on potentiality for maize production; and one potential PA from each...
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Hot pepper is one of the Ethiopia's most commercially significant vegetable and spice horticultural crop. However, due to a lack of soil fertility and other variables, its output is quite poor. Moreover, the main obstacles restricting the production are insufficient fertilization and a lack of recommendations on the proper rates of application of organic and inorganic fertilizers. In the 2020–2021 growing season, research...
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A 12-week feeding trial was conducted to evaluate the effects of replacing fishmeal with black soldier fly larvae (BSFL) meal on growth performance and carcass composition of African Catfish fingerlings. Five isonitrogenous (40% CP) diets of 0% (Control), 25%, 50%, 75% and 100% fishmeal with BSFL were used in triplicate. A Randomized Complete Block Design was used, and 600 fingerlings (0.46±0.02g) were randomly selected...
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Tigray, the most northerly of Ethiopia’s ethnically based Regional States, covers an area of 53 386 km sq and has a population exceeding 5.17 million of whom some 24.3% are urban dwellers. Wide agroclimatic variations result from altitudinal differences (600-300+ meters) and rainfall patterns. The area is a center of origin of many cultivated and wild plants. The mainly agricultural rural population, farming small areas...
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In vitro cultivation is widely used for micropropagation of several plant species; however, the increase in the gas concentration, such as ethylene gas, inside the growth vials can cause physiological changes. Thus, 4 experiments were carried out at the Federal University of Minas Gerais to evaluate the biochar use from sugarcane bagasse in vials with or without caps with porous membrane in the in vitro growing of pitaya...
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A study was carried out at two sites in Tanzania to assess the effect of different planting densities on growth and yield of five recently released bush bean varieties. The experiment was laid out in a split-plot design in a factorial arrangement with three replications during long and short rainy seasons of 2019/20 and 2020/21. The treatments comprised five bean varieties; TARIBEAN 1, 2, 3, 4 and 5, and five plant...
RESPONSE OF SPRING WHEAT (Triticum aestivum L.) CULTIVARS TO RIDGE -FURROW TILLAGE SYSTEMS
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Tillage system is one of the main factors influencinggrowth and physiology of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.), that eventually translates to high yield and good kernel quality. The objectives of this study were to determine the effects of the ridge (RT) and flat tillage (FT) systems on (i) growth and production of spring wheat, (ii) root growth and physiology and (iii) soil physical properties. Trials were conducted at Kenya...
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The study was to contribute creating evidence from the government and NGOs intervention experience for further supporting durum wheat and vegetable value chains players in strengthening, expanding and in creating jobs for vulnerable youth in the target areas. With the specific objectives of this research was identify elements of the intervention that shall be further promoted, adjusted or discontinued, identify a range of...
The Effects of Agricultural R&D Investments on Poverty and Undernourishment in sub-Saharan Africa
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The analysis explores the relationship between agricultural R&D investments, and rural poverty and undernourishment in sub-Saharan Africa (SSA). Agricultural R&D knowledge stocks (KS) account for the lagged effects of research. Causal mediation analysis assesses the impacts of KS and measure the effect of KS-induced productivity growth on poverty and undernourishment. Evidence suggests that growth in KS helped reducing...
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Yam (Dioscorea rotundata) performance under irrigation and mulch has not been widely investigated. It is propagated vegetatively, primarily by small whole tubers (seed yams), pieces (setts) cut from larger tubers and vines. However, the use of single node vines for seed yam production remains low due to unavailability of adequate soil moisture and consequential poor vine survival. This study was carried out to investigate...
Bacillus subtilis UFMT-Pant001 as a plant growth promoter in soybean in a greenhouse.
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This study aims to evaluate the agronomic efficiency of the Bacillus subtilis UFMT-Pant001 strain as a plant growth promoter in soybean at 3 greenhouses from distinct Brazilian regions. The treatments were formulated based on this strain at a concentration of 1x109 UFC.mL-1 in volumes of 100, 150, 200, 250, 300, 350 or 400 mL for each 50 kg of seeds. Bradyrhizobium japonicum was added in all experiments, and the absolute...
Role of inclusive finance in smallholder farmer’s growth and commercialisation in SADC
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Inclusive finance refers to the delivery of financial services and products that are available, accessible, and affordable to all segments of society, to achieve inclusive economic growth. In the Southern African Development Community (SADC), smallholder farmers are disadvantaged from accessing formal financial services and this has affected the commercialisation of smallholder farmers. This paper examines the role of...
Depth and Soil Physiochemical Properties Effects on Soil Compaction in Agricultural Field
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Physical and chemical properties of the soil are key determinants of farm soil compaction. The purpose of this study is to study the effects of depth and soil physiochemical properties on soil compaction. Soil compaction was measured using a SpotOn digital compaction meter. During the soil compaction field test five different depths were selected. In the soil laboratory, soil texture, soil pH, soil electric conductivity...
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Adoption of inorganic fertilizer is one of the government’s strategies for increasing production and productivity of barley. The study was conducted in the Legambo district of the South Wollo zone with the objective of determinants of adoption of inorganic fertilizer on smallholder farmers of barley production. To achieve this objective, a cross-sectional survey design was employed for collecting data from 198 randomly...
Daily weight gain of goats until weaning receiving two schemes of mineral supplementation
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The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of commercial mineral supplementation and selective mineral supplements in which only elements known to be deficient in the animal's diet. In an experiment conducted in Federal Rural University of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, were analyzed: daily weight gain, nutritional and economic aspects of goats mixed breed receiving two types of mineral supplements. The sixteen...
Typologies of pineapple-based farming systems in Centre-Cameroon
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The high diversity in pineapple fields and farmers provide huge challenges in farm management in already dwindling pineapple production sector in the center region of Cameroon. A first step to overcome these production challenges is to manage the above-mentioned diversity to a reasonable level without loss of detail and specific management interventions for each category or typology proposed. Field surveys were conducted...
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Yellow maize varieties in Ghana have low beta-carotene levels, but if improved, they could lessen the negative health effects of vitamin-A deficiency. Finding promising yellow maize accessions that could be used to breed higher beta-carotene varieties was the goal of the study.The study involved the collection of 100 local accessions, phenotypic identification, evaluation of genetic relatedness, and quantification of the...
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Artificial Intelligence (AI) and deep learning has the potential to reduce the extremely losses in crop production such as low crop yield, food insecurity, and negative effect on country’s economy that are caused by crop diseases. The objective of this paper is to identify the knowledge and technological gaps on the application of an emerging and novel AI-based technologies on plant disease detection and pest prediction at...
EFFECTS OF POLICY REFORM ON SUPPLY RESPONSE OF SMALL-SCALE PADDY RICE PRODUCERS IN NIGERIA
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This study adopted the concept of marketed surplus to establish output supply response of paddy rice to input and output prices using cross sectional panel data produced by NBS in 2012/2013 and 2017/2018 later referred to in this report as period I and II respectively. A Tobit regression was performed on a semi-log functional form and the supply response elasticities estimated as products of coefficient of the marginal...
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This study sought to assess the impact of selected soil conservation and water harvesting technologies as promising options for alleviating soil moisture crisis, enhancing soil fertility and reducing soil erosion in the drylands of Eastern Kenya. An experiment was set up to investigate the responses of soil aggregate stability, moisture contents and soil microbial biomass carbon and nitrogen (SMBC and SMBN) to Zai...
Plantleaf detection using Deep Learning
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Precision agriculture demands the recognition of plant species with help of distinct leaf characteristics such as form, texture, border, and colour etc. Plant leaf recognition has drawn special interest in the domain of computer vision.Existing models classifyspecific types of plants. These models classify limited number of plants at time. But there is need to recognize maximum number of plants in single model. This paper...
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This study aimed to identify fertilization options for improving cassava productivity and profitability in two contrasting regions of the Central African Republic. The Pissa (guinea forest) and Damara (savannah). The study adopted a randomized complete block design with four treatments replicated four times in a plot size of 7m by 7m. The treatments were; T1(Control), T2(Peasant practice), T3(sole NPK), and T4(Cow...
Evaluation of micro-irrigation and mulch systems on nectarine fruit production
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The study was conducted during 2018/2019 early summer season at Marondera University of Agricultural Sciences and Technology orchard which is located in region 11B. A factorial experiment to evaluate water use productivity, growth and development of nectarines tree under drip irrigation and different mulching treatments was done. A 2x4 factorial treatment of irrigation and mulching (no mulch, black plastic, grass and maize...
Protective Equipment Use By Veterinarians In Nigeria
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The transmissible nature of certain diseases makes anthropozoonosis an important hazard associated with veterinarians. For this reason, the attitude and compliance of veterinarians in Nigeria to personal protective equipment (PPE) use was studied using a structured interviewer-administered questionnaire. Questionnaires were administered at the 2017 Veterinary continuing education seminar held at Akure (Ondo state),...
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During ripening, ‘Hass’ avocado fruit develops exocarp colour from emerald-green to purple, then black, which is regulated by anthocyanin; specifically, by cyanidin 3-O-glucoside. Branch girdling and maturity has been shown to increase carbohydrate accumulation and fruit colour in several fruit crops. This study determines the interactive effect between girdling and harvest maturity to improve avocado fruit exocarp colour...
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Most farmers in Tanzania implement risk reduction strategies of storing maize in local facilities and sell the grain soon after storage. The approach buffers against crop price fluctuation and market instability. This study aims at understanding the integration of hermetic bags technology to local storage facilities at smallholder farmers’ context and its contribution to maize crop net revenue. The Agronomic Survey (APS)...
EFFECTS OF CRICKET FRASS ON VEGETATIVE GROWTH OF Cleome gynandra
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Insect farming as food and feed has gained popularity. Insects require less land and water and are efficient in feed-food conversion, making them a sustainable alternative source of protein for food fortification and feed formulation. Some insects play a vital role in bio-remediation of organic waste as they feed on waste breaking it down to frass that has the potential to be used as an organic fertilizer in food...
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The objective of this study was to identify the rate of molybdenum that, associated with nitrogen fertilization, would provide the best responses on the vegetative structureof Mombasa grass. Forty days after planting, a uniform pruning was made when the established levels of molybdenum were applied and the experimental period started. The experimental design was a randomized block, with four replications (blocks), in a 5x6...
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This study aimed to assess the production systems of the indigenous Tswana goats reared under typical smallholder farming settings in Botswana. A total of 310 households with Tswana goats were randomly selected from five agro-ecological regions of Botswana. Key structured questionnaires were used to collect baseline data on goats' socio-economic parameters, husbandry practises, breeding and selection, disease control,...
Ethnobotany and perceptions of farmers on the value of taro (colocasia esculenta) in Benin republic
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Taro (Colocasia esculenta) is a widely grown vegetatively propagated food crop in the Benin Republic. The taro leaf blight (TLB) epidemic in 2009, caused by Phytophthora colocasiae, has destroyed taro production and wiped out many taro landraces in West Africa. A survey was conducted in the southern region of Benin to assess the status of taro and TLB, ethnobotany, farmers' perceptions of taro, and identify production...
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The role of simulation models in understanding the processes in the soil-plant-atmosphere system has increased significantly in recent years. This is attributed to increased computing capabilities available today. Mathematical models, be it physically or empirically based, have the promising potential to explore solutions to water management problems. In the sub basin, frequent events of high and low rainfall, less work...
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Utilization of silkworm pupae meal for feed will partially meet the protein feed deficiency, and fish meal competing uses. Silkworm pupa was used as a fishmeal substitute at different levels in poultry feeds to determine the growth performance and carcass characteristics after feeding day old Kuroiler chicks for 8 weeks. Fishmeal was substituted with Silkworm pupae at percentages of 25 (T3), 50 (T2) and 100 (T1) with a...
Survey of the distribution and severity of white mango scale in mango production in Eastern Ethiopia
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Mango production in Ethiopia is harmed by a number of arthropod pests particularly the White Mango Scales (WMS) is major pest of grave concern to mango growers. The main objective of this study was to assess the current status of WMS insect pest in Mango production and farmers’ knowledge about the pest in eastern Ethiopia. WMS distribution and severity specifically in the major mango growing areas East Hararghe, Harari...
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Bambaranut (BN) (Vigna subterranea (L.) Verdc.) is a nutrient rich, drought tolerant food legume that can contribute to food security and community resilience. In Uganda however, production and utilisation remain in relative obscurity. A study was conducted in Northern and Eastern Uganda to determine production and utilisation practices and identify challenges and opportunities for BN improvement. Primary data on...
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A field trial was conducted to assess the effect of the application of pulverized rhyolitic materials and poultry manure on the yield of cabbages and soil chemicals in the locality of Bandjoun, west Cameroon. The treatment with rhyolitic rock materials combined with poultry manure portrayed the best yield (= 51 000 kgha-1) followed by the treatment with poultry manure alone (= 27 000 kgha-1). Lower yields were obtained...
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Neem extract as bio-pesticide is effective in reducing insect pest populations. However, farmers lack information on the effective application rate. The study ascertained the effective neem extract concentration for reducing insect vector numbers, incidence and severity of the viral diseases. Three rates 20, 30 and 40 ml/L of neem extract, commercial pesticide Akape® and water as control were sprayed as treatments on field...
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The purpose of this study was to assess Pastoralists Perceptions towards Rangeland Degradation and Management practices in Pastoralist Dry Land Area among the Borana pastoral communities. Mainly the data for this particular study was collected from both primary and secondary sources. The primary data obtained through household questionnaires, key informant interview, focus group discussions and field observation while...
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This study aimed to assess the impact of urban agriculture for improving food security in four town administrations found in Gurage zone. Primary data was collected from 340 sampled adopters using interview, focus group discussion and observation. Propensity score matching (PSM) model was used to assess the impact of urban agriculture on food security. The statistical analysis revealed that there was a statistically...
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The variation of some growth, agronomical and biochemical parameters of Vigna unguiculata (L. Walp) under salinity stress were investigated in the greenhouse and farm conditions. Plants were subjected to 0, 50, 100 and 200 mM NaCl. The increases of NaCl in the culture medium significantly (P< 0.001) decreased the growth parameters (number of leaves, noose diameter, leaf area and stem height), dry biomass (roots, shoots and...
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This study was undertaken to determine the catch composition, length weight relationship and the condition factor of fish in Lake Turkana. Six field stations were sampled during the study covering a period of six months. An outboard motor boat was used to access the sampling sites while gillnet (mesh size ranging from 1.5-6.0 inches) was used as the fishing gear. The species caught were identified to species level and...
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Fifteen improved and two local genotypes of Vigna unguiculata were evaluated for their performance in grain yield, yield components and yield stability across years in: 2016, 2017 and 2018. Experiments were laid out in a Randomised Complete Block Design with three replications. Data were collected on grain yield and yield components, and subjected to analysis of variance (ANOVA), and stability analysis for grain yield...
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Milk production could be responsible for zoonotic diseases which have public health and economic importance. The following study assessed knowledge, attitudes and practices (KAP) about zoonotic diseases among smallholder cattle farmers in Gicumbi District of Rwanda. The data were collected from 120 randomly farmers through a questionnaire, then coded and analyzed using SPSS software. The results show that the majority...
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Even though rice is becoming an important source of food in Ethiopia, land suitability studies in potential areas are limited. The objective of this study was to assess the suitability of the Borkena Plain, Northeast Ethiopia for rice cultivation. The data for this study were entirely dependent on the FAO (1985) document produced by the FAO/UNDP/ETH/82/010 project. Two methods namely simple limitation method and parametric...
Wheat Tan spot disease in Algeria : Risks factors and fungicides resistance
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Yellow leaf spot, also known as tan spot is a major disease of durum wheat in eastern Algeria. This disease is caused by Pyrenophora tritici-repentis, the pathogen survives between cropping seasons on cereal stubbles as mycelium and can survives up to two years when the seasons are very dry. The persistence as well as the severity of this disease may be determined by five factors: monoculture, poor tillage sensitive...
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The study was conducted at Yabello district Borena zone, with the objective of assessing husbandry practices and performance evaluation of indigenous chicken populations. A total of 120 local chicken owner with three chickens were selected data collection. Descriptive statistics, a general linear model, univariate and multivariate analyses were used for data analysis. As a result, the main objectives of poultry farming in...
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A structured survey was conducted in Aneded district to assess the production performance of indigenous and exotic chicken. A formal structured survey was used to collect all the relevant data, using a multi-stage sampling technique. Six sub- district (three peri urban and three from rural area) a total of 60 village chicken owner households were considered for the study. The result revealed that the dominant (60.9%)...
Genotype Environment Interaction of Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) at Drought Stress Condition
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To explore genotype-environment interaction and identify stable genotypes in drought stress environments, an experiment was made at the research field of the Department of Genetics and Plant Breeding, Hajee Mohammad Danesh Science and Technology University, Dinajpur, Bangladesh. Selected eleven wheat genotypes were evaluated in a randomized completely blocked design with three replications. Data were recorded on days to...
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The study was conducted to evaluate feeding value of sorghum varieties in laying hen performances. The 210 Bovan Brown hens, aging 22-33 weeks, were used and equally and randomly assigned to seven dietary treatments with three replications. Treatment rations were control i.e., T1 (0% inclusion of sorghum variety melkam [SVM]), T2 (20% SVM), T3 (30% SVM), T4 (40% SVM), T5 (20% inclusion of sorghum variety degalityellow,...
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