Genetic aspects of physiological quality traits in common bean seeds
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Understanding the genetic basis of characteristics related to the physiological quality of seeds is a crucial step towards the development of bean cultivars with superior performance and greater adaptation to different environmental conditions. This study aimed to estimate the components of genotypic variation, identify the predominant gene action, and explore its implications for selecting traits related to the...
Morphological Response of Forage Plants to Greasing or Browsing By Ruminant in Ethiopia: Review
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Rangeland plants may be negatively, positively, or neutrally impacted by browsing and grazing. Range land and greasing terrain provide more than 37% of the feed required for cattle in Ethiopia. Therefore, understanding how different animal types respond to the grazing of fodder plants is helpful for grassland research and management. Mammalian herbivores classified according to which plant type they prefer. Because diet...
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Bipolaris oryzae is a severe Ascomycete pathogen responsible for brown leaf spot in rice which leads to significant yield losses in quantity and quality. This disease is prevalent worldwide, impacting most rice-growing regions and holding historical significance for many rice-producing countries. The pathogen infects rice at any growth stage, manifesting symptoms on various plant parts. Initial symptoms are small,...
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Water harvesting is the process of intercepting, conveying, and storing rainfall for future use in drought prone area of eastern Ethiopia. The objective is to assess and estimating the annual volume of water harvesting for crop production. GIS and remote sensing is the recent technology of spatiotemporal data used to assess the factor of influences for rainfall and runoff depth estimation for identification of potential...
Cocoa yield and bean quality as influenced by agroforestry practices in Ghana
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Ghana's cocoa sector is a key contributor to global production, but its yields are often modest. A climate-smart approach involving agroforestry—growing cocoa with shade trees—has been suggested to boost yields and improve sustainability. However, there is limited research in Ghana on the effects of agroforestry on cocoa yield and bean quality. This study assessed the impact of agroforestry on cocoa yield and bean quality...
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Organic nitrogen and biofertilizers is a mixture with synthetic nitrogen could prove to reduce the cost of production without compromising crop yield with increasing soil organic carbon improvement. The study investigated 2-year incorporation of organic manure and biofertilizers on winter wheat and summer-maize in the North China Plain (NCP). The two-year field experiment (2016–2018) has illustrated the responses of grain...
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Insect infestation has a direct impact on agricultural food production and stored products, as they may account for 20–30% of product loss, and in severe cases, they cause a total loss. A laboratory study was conducted to determine the response of the pyrethrum extract test to maize and bean weevils treated with different dosages and times of exposure. The pyrethrum extracts at six dosage levels (0.5, 1.0, 1.5, 2.0, 2.5,...
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The research was conducted to determine the appropriate application time of nitrogen fertilizer on yield and yield components of sorghum during 2017 and 2018 cropping seasonin Benishangul gumuz region. Treatments consisted of eight application times of nitrogen: all recommended rate of N at planting (T1), ½ at planting + ½ at knee height(T2), Applying 1/2 at planting+1/2 at near flowering (T3), Applying 1/3 at...
Effects of Land Use Types on Soil Physico-Chemical Properties: A Review
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The effect of different land use types can bring adverse effect on selected physical and chemical properties of soil. The different land use types such as cultivated, grass, grazing, homestead, forest and plantation lands directly or indirectly affect the physical and chemical properties of soil characterized by different physico-chemical properties of soil though they are on the same topography of the landscape. The...
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The present study aimed at evaluating the elemental composition and structural analysis of liquid organic fertilisers (LOF) produced from rabbit urine and faeces under different feeding regimes: forage only, concentrate only, and forage plus concentrate, and subjected to fermentation process for three weeks. The temperature of the rabbit waste treatments decreased with time and remained almost constant after first week of...
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Genetic purity assessment is mandatory for seed certification. Currently, the process is done through the grow-out test (GOT), which faces many challenges, including long-term assessment. Limited information on the use of molecular markers in the genetic purity assessment of crops in African countries elicited this study's purpose. In this work, a review of the available literatures on the applications of molecular markers...
Value chain analysis of tomato production and marketing in Ethiopia
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Tomatoes are important for income generation to a large proportion of the farming community in rural households in Ethiopia. Enhancing tomato producers to reach markets and actively engage in the markets is a key challenge influencing tomato production in Ethiopia. The perishable nature of tomato necessitates effective marketing channels choice decisions. So, the main objective of this study was to conduct full scale value...
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To manage insect infestation linked to lower yields in cowpea production, man has primarily chosen to use synthetic pesticides due to their high knockout effect. Incessant application of pesticides poses a health risk in agriculture food systems. The alternative to combating insect infestation in cowpea food system is the development of Host Plant Resistance which is eco-friendly, and beneficial to human and animal health....
Mung Bean Value Chain Analysis in Ethiopia
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Household survey data were collected from 100 households in north Shewa and north Wollo zones. This study also generated information on mung bean crop production and marketing from secondary sources and key informant interviews with different organizations. Among interviewed organizations Ministry of Trade, Ministry of Agriculture, Zonal and District level agricultural offices working on the crop, research center,...
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A study was conducted with three chickpea genotypes (Annigeri-1, JG-11 and JG-14) and five dates of sowing (D1, D2, D3, D4 and D5) to study the effect of temperature regimes on various physiological, biochemical, yield and its components. Delayed sowing at D5 temperature regimes recorded significantly lower SPAD values, lower chl a, chl b, total chl content in leaf, lower chl a/b ratio and lower relative water content...
Postharvest quality of gerberas 'Intenza' depending on the storage temperature
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Cut flowers have a prominent role in the global horticulture, being the gerbera one of the most important species in this context. Many studies have been performed to extend the vase life of these flowers. Despite the emergence of new conservation techniques, the low temperature is still the main one, because it delays the senescence and the deterioration of tissues. This study aimed to verify the best storage temperature...
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The purpose of this article aims to properly define emerging farmers in developing rural areas of the Eastern Cape Province in South Africa and evaluate their distinguishing characteristics. There is still remarkable scarcity of scientific information describing a more detailed picture of emerging farmers. The terminology ‘emergent farmer’ is globally a contentious issue and it is not commonly used by researchers owing...
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Cadmium (Cd) is present in many agricultural soils, and consequently can be absorbed for species as corn and wheat. The studied areas were Central-North, Central, Central-south and South of the country, in a transect of 1,500 km long. In soils from 40 different sites were sampling in two depths. In these areas corn and wheat are important crops. Total cadmium, extractable acid (DTPA) and water soluble fractions of cadmium...
Influence of removal of Wolbachia on the Fitness of brown planthopper, Nilaparvata lugens (Stål)
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Wolbachia is maternally inherited intracellular bacteria (Rickettsiaceae) that infect a wide range of arthropods and nematodes and that are playing a great roles at their development, reproduction and pathogenic, associated with various reproductive abnormalities in their hosts. In this study, we investigated the effects of removal of Wolbachia infection on immature and mature brown planthopper, Nilaparvata lugens (Stål)...
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Soil born plant pathogen cause potential yield loss in every year all over world. Antifungal Trichoderma isolates can control soil borne plant pathogenic fungi. Soil sample collected from different location to find out effective Trichoderma isolates. Their antifungal and morphological characteristic was studied. Radial mycelial growths of the isolates varied from 29.91 to 90.00 mm in vitro assay. On the basis of shape,...
Genetic variability of cowpea germplasm for nutritional and yield related traits
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Cowpea is a grain legume cultivated locally in sub-Saharan Africa, holding promise as an economical protein source. However, its utilization and productivity remain limited. Thus, it's crucial to evaluate the present diversity and screen farmer preferred traits for effective management and exploitation of cowpea in breeding programs. In this study, 70 cowpea genotypes from Tanzania, Malawi, and Mozambique were evaluated...
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The study investigated the complex interplay between social relations and agricultural productivity among smallholder orange farmers in Mkuzi Village, Tanzania. The research explored the dynamics of trust, cooperation, and community support systems, emphasizing their crucial role in agricultural success. While recognizing the positive impact of social networks and community cooperation, the study identified prevalent...
Agroforestry Practices and Cocoa Health and Soil Quality in Ghana
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Soil fertility loss is a major cause of declining cocoa production in West Africa. One solution is the adoption of agroforestry systems, which integrate forest or fruit tree species in cocoa farms for ecological and socio-economic benefits. Agroforestry provides climate buffering, carbon sequestration, pathogen regulation, and soil fertility improvements, enhancing cocoa health and yields. This study assessed effects of...
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Stem rust, caused by Puccinia graminis f.sp. tritici (Pgt), is a major threat to wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) production due to increased susceptibility. This study aimed to identify wheat lines in the 16th Stem Rust Resistance Screening Nursery (SRRSN) with seedling and adult plant resistance (APR) to wheat stem rust. A two-season field experiment was conducted at (KALRO) Njoro using a 12×12 partially balanced lattice...
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A study was conducted to determine the effect of sweet potato growing methods on the yield of three sweet potato varieties. The field experiment was conducted at Africa University farm in Mutare Zimbabwe. The trial had five treatments and was designed as a 5x3 factorial experiment with treatments arranged in a Completely Randomized Block Design (CRBD) with three replicates blocked against irrigation lines. The five...
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Sorghum is one of the major staple food crops in eastern Ethiopia where the area is known for an uncertainty of rainfall. Therefore, this study assessed the direct and indirect effects of yield-related traits on sorghum grain yield and estimated associations among yield and yield-related traits of sorghum genotypes. Thirty-four sorghum genotypes and two improved varieties in 6x6 simple lattice designs at Fedis Agricultural...
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Crop rotation could be a possible intervention to resolve multifaceted problems of monoculture. In recent years, there is a concern about soil depletion caused by intensive farming. In crop rotation legume crops, which capture atmospheric nitrogen and “fix” it into forms available to plants will increase soil fertility. Faba bean (Vicia faba L.), rapeseed (Brassica napus L.), oat (Avena sativum L.) and vicia (Vicia...
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This article discusses the pivotal role of Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs) and Information and Communication Technology (ICT) in enhancing agricultural productivity globally, with a focus on developing economies. Developed by the Centre for Community Technology (CCT), iOS and Android applications facilitate control and monitoring of hardware projects via WSNs, specifically designed for Precision Agriculture like smart...
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Soil analysis was carried out to assess the physico-chemical qualities of the soils and identify the microbial presence in the study areas. Twelve composite soil samples were taken from 0 - 15cm (top soil) and 15 - 30cm (sub soil), homogenized and analysed in a laboratory. The soil pH values ranged from 5.5 (IGBS1) to 6.5 (IGBS7) in Igbotako, and 6.0 (ODSS11) to 6.7 (ODSS10) in Ode-Aye. The least soil porosity was observed...
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Rice (Oryza sativa L.) is a major cereal crop in Fogera district; however, the current yield is decreased due to low soil fertility status as a result of continuous cultivation, and inadequate use of organic and inorganic fertilizers. Hence, a field experiment was conducted at Fogera National Rice Research and Training Center (FNRRTC) during the 2021 cropping season to determine the effects of integrated use of farmyard...
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The Major objective of the study was to investigate the impact of cooperative membership on farmers’ income in Ethiopia. Primary cross-sectional data were collected from the total sample of 371 smallholder farmers, in East Gojjam Zone, Ethiopia. A multi-stage sampling procedure was employed. sample respondents were selected using the probability proportional technique. To analyze the data collected, different statistical...
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Pesticide use in cotton cultivation in Ethiopia has increased due to the emergence of new insect pests, leading to environmental and health concerns. The aim of the study to examines pesticide utilization, handling practices, and knowledge among farmers in the Awash Valley. For this study, one hundred twenty-eight small-scale and twenty-five large-scale holder farmers were included. The data were collected through...
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The aim of this study was to determine the effect of salinity stress and evaluate the effectiveness of seed priming in increasing salt tolerance of rice (Oryza sativa L.) accessions from Mozambique and improving their yield and grain composition. Seeds of three rice accessions (Chincherica, Gaza and IR64) were primed with solutions of 200 mM CaCl2 (?s= -1.25 MPa) and 297 mM KNO3 (?s= -1.25 MPa), for 36 h at 25 oC +2 oC,...
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Food yams are important annual crops that yield root tubers. Virus diseases remain one of the major threats to their productivity, caused by a variety of viruses belonging to the Alphaflexiviridae (genus Potexvirus), Betaflexiviridae, Bromoviridae (genus Cucumovirus), Caulimoviridae (genera Badnavirus and Dioscovirus), Closteroviridae (genus Ampelovirus), Potyviridae (genera Macluravirus and Potyvirus), and Secoviridae...
Experimental Investigation of Gas Fluidization Characteristics of Teff Grain
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Gas-fluidization characteristics of Teff grain are crucial for understanding its behavior under gas flow, enabling it to act like a fluid, which is vital for pneumatic conveying systems. Key parameters include the minimum fluidization velocity and the pressure drop across the fluidized bed, which reflect the interaction between gas and grains. These characteristics are essential for selecting the appropriate phase of the...
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The genetic diversity among twenty hot pepper (Capsicum spp. L.) accessions from eight different geographic locations in Ghana, was studied using molecular and phenotypic characteristics to evaluate their genetic relationships. Using the International Plant Genetic Resources Institute descriptor list for capsicum the genetic diversity in 13 quantitative and 22 qualitative traits were assessed. Fifteen SSR markers were used...
Spatial variability of soil microbiological properties under different land use systems
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Understanding the spatial variability of soil microbial properties is essential for assessing their role in nutrient cycling and ecosystem functioning across various land use systems. While many studies focus on soil physicochemical characteristics, the spatial heterogeneity of microbiological attributes is less explored. This research examined the spatial distribution of microbial biomass carbon (MBC) and dehydrogenase...
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The degradation of soil nutrients by water erosion is the main cause of crop yield reduction. The aim of this research is to evaluate the effect of soil and water conservation measures on finger millet (Eleusine coracana (L.) Gaertn) yield and yield components. The experiment was conducted in farmers' fields by dividing sites into three parts based on slope gradient: soil bunds, soil bunds stabilized with grass, and...
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The study was conducted to identify cattle market channels, determinant factors of household market participation and supply level based on data from 121 randomly selected households, export abattoirs, traders, collectors, and market experts. The result showed 4(four) informal cattle channels and about 9(nine) formal cattle market channels. Informal cattle marketing shares 47.6% of market volume, while 54.4% pass through...
Spent oyster mushroom substrate used as growing media for potted tomato plants
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Recycling of spent mushroom substrate through its use in crop production as a component of growing media would provide an environmentally safe disposal. Therefore, the aim of this study was to determine the suitability of composted and un-composted oyster mushroom (Pleurotus ostreatus) spent substrates mixed with organic red sandy soils, as potting medium for tomato (Solanum lycopersicum). Also to determine the effect of...
Modern Optical Sensing Technologies and Their Applications in Agriculture
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Modern agriculture faces the challenge of producing more food on less land to meet the demands of a growing global population while minimizing its impact on the environment. To achieve this, precision agriculture has emerged as a transformative approach, harnessing cutting-edge technologies to optimize farming practices. Among these technologies, modern optical sensing has garnered significant attention due to its...
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Cassava (Manihot esculenta Crantz.) is one of the major foods in Cameroon. This study aims to identify fungi species from Cassava leaves and determine its phylogenetic relationship. Random sampling was used to collect symptomatic leaves in 20 cassava farms and cultured on PDA. Mycelia of 31 pure isolates were harvested and used for molecular analysis. DNA was extracted using the sorbitol - CTAB method and amplified using...
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The study investigated integrated management strategies for green mold in a mushroom house, focusing on botanical, bioagent, and fungicide treatments previously effective against Trichoderma harzianum. In vivo evaluations of Azadiracta indica, Bacillus subtilis, and Carbendazim were conducted. Results showed that a combination of Carbendazim, B. subtilis, and A. indica, along with B. subtilis alone,...
Production System of Indigenous Chicken in Awi Zone, Amhara Regional State, Ethiopia.
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The objective of this study was to assess the production system of indigenous chicken in three districts of the Awi-zone Amhara Region. A total of 9 peasant associations from three districts were purposively selected for the study. A total of 180 chicken owners were selected using simple random sampling technique for interviewing using semi-structured questionnaire. About 43.2%, 16.6%, 11.2% and 6.5% of the respondents...
Effect of organic and inorganic fertilization on the growth and yield of two Amaranthus accessions.
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Indigenous leafy vegetables (ILV) form a major part of human nutritional needs by providing the necessary vitamins and minerals needed by the body. However, to achieve better growth of these vegetables, adequate nutrient supply through fertilization is essential. In light of this, an experiment was conducted to evaluate the effects of organic and inorganic fertilization on the growth and yield of Amaranthus accessions...
Registration of Arjo Medium set Pigeon pea [Cajanus Cajan (L.) Millsp] Variety.
Article in Press
Arjo Medium set Pigeon pea Variety with pedigree name ICEAP00979/1 was tested and released by the Bako Agricultural Research Center for Western Ethiopia and similar agro-ecological zones. Arjo was evaluated for seed yield, agronomic characters and disease reaction at Bako, Billo and Gute experimental sites between the years 2020/2021 and 2021/2022. Arjo was released because of their better seed yields as well as biomass...
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Rhizobial strains have contributed to enhance N2 fixation, soil fertility and yield of legume crops when they are sufficient in the soil under favorable environment. A field experiment was implemented to evaluate yield response and economic profitability of fababean through inoculation of strain together with lime. The experiment consists four strains [(BF-17, BF-04, BF-1018 and BF-1035), control, 21kgha-1 urea and 150...
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Tomato spotted wilt orthotospovirus (TSWV) is a pathogen that causes significant yield losses in crops. TSWV has been reported to infect nearly 1,000 plant species in 84 families, including tomato, pepper, lettuce, tobacco, eggplant, and various weeds, all of which belong to the Solanaceae family. TSWV, a member of the Orthotospovirus genus within the Bunyaviridae family, is characterized by an isometric enveloped...
Registration of Arjo Medium set Pigeon pea [Cajanus Cajan (L.) Millsp] Variety
Article in Press
Arjo Medium set Pigeon pea Variety with pedigree name ICEAP00979/1 was tested and released by the Bako Agricultural Research Center for Western Ethiopia and similar agro-ecological zones. Arjo was evaluated for seed yield, agronomic characters and disease reaction at Bako, Billo and Gute experimental sites between the years 2020/2021 and 2021/2022. Arjo was released because of their better seed yields as well as biomass...
Article in Press
This study examined the impact of tractor power on soil compaction and crop yield in different soil types and climatic conditions. The experiment used a split-plot design with three replications to test the effects of tractor power level (40, 60, 80, and 100 kW) and number of passes (1, 3, and 5) on soil compaction and crop yield. A four-wheel drive tractor with radial tires, tire inflation pressure of 120 kPa, and speed...
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