January 2007
Genome-wide analysis of Xylella fastidiosa: implications for detection and strain relationships
The xylem limited plant pathogenic bacterium Xylella fastidiosa causes economically important diseases on agronomic, horticultural and landscape plants. This review includes the current status of polymerase chain reaction (PCR) based systems for detection and characterization of X. fastidiosa, and presents a genome-wide analysis of strain differentiation. The use of genomics data for strain...
January 2007
Fractionation, characterization and speciation of heavy metals in composts and compost-amended soils
Speciation of heavy metals in soils determines the availability for metals for plant uptake and potential for contamination of groundwater following application of composts to agricultural lands. Methods used to characterize heavy metals in solid phase of composts and compost amended soils include physical fractionation and chemical extraction. Chemical extraction schemes are most frequently used approach to...
January 2007
Physiological response of common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) seedlings to salinity stress
The effect of salinity stress on five cultivars of common bean: Bassbeer, Beladi, Giza 3, HRS 516 and RO21 were evaluated on a sand/peat medium with different salinity levels (0, 50 and 100 mM NaCl) applied 3 weeks after germination for duration of 10 days. Salinity had adverse effects not only on the biomass yield and relative growth rate (RGRt), but also on other morphological parameters such as plant...
January 2007
Adoption of improved cassava varieties in six rural communities in Anambra State, Nigeria
A survey of 118 randomly selected cassava farmers was conducted in Ukpor, Amichi, Osumenyi, Ezinifite, Ekwulummili and Ebenator, communities in Nnewi South Local Government Area of Anambra State using structured interview schedule, to determine the use of improved cassava and local cassava cultivars in the area. Majority (64%) of the respondents cultivated both local and improved cassava cultivars. The...
January 2007
Fungi and some mycotoxins contaminating rice (Oryza Sativa) In Niger State, Nigeria
Study on the fungi and some mycotoxins (Aflatoxin B1 - AFB1, ochratoxin A - OTA and zearalenone - ZEN) contaminating rice (Oryza sativa) in Niger State of Nigeria was carried out. One thousand and sixty two fungi were isolated and identified from one hundred and ninety six mouldy rice samples collected from the state. The major fungal genera contaminating rice were Aspergillus, Penicillium,...
January 2007
Cultivation of Agaricus bisporus on some compost formulas and locally available casing materials. Part II: Waste tea leaves based compost formulas and locally available casing materials
Three compost formulas (formula I, formula II, and formula III) based waste tea leaves and using some activator materials such as wheat bran, chicken manure and pigeon manure were studied for Agaricus bisporus cultivation. Some locally available peats such as peat of Bolu, peat of Agacbasi, peat of Caykara and theirs mixture (80:20; volume : volume) with perlite were used. Temperature values of all...
January 2007
Impact analysis of palm oil mill effluent on the aerobic bacterial density and ammonium oxidizers in a dumpsite in Anyigba, Kogi State
The effects of palm oil mill effluent (POME) on the total aerobic bacterial populations and ammonium oxidizers in the soil were assessed. This was done by culturing soil samples from an effluent dumpsite for the total aerobic bacterial counts and ammonium oxidizers. Results showed that the total aerobic bacterial populations in the POME soil samples (9.6 x 108 ± 0.3 at 20oC, 1.64 x...
January 2007
Measurement of the moisture content of the granulated sugar by infrared transphotometry
The moisture content of granulated sugar is a critical parameter for its transformation into cubes. To the best of our knowledge there is no easy-to-use method for the determination of this parameter. To resolve this, a new method using infrared transphotometry technique based on the attenuation of an infrared radiation through a sample of sugar, was developed and tested in our laboratory. Using linear...
January 2007
Urinary tract pathology in some Schistosoma haematobium infected Nigerians
The parasitological investigation assessing the ova of Schistosoma haematobium in urine of 138 volunteers in Ihieve-Ogben, Edo State, Nigeria revealed a prevalence of 43 (31.2%). Children had a higher prevalence of urinary schistosomiasis 30 (41.1%) than their adult counterparts 13 (20.0%). More volunteers had light intensity of infection 27 (19.6%) than heavy infection 16 (11.6%). The...
January 2007
The energy cost of kidney proton dialysis in sickle cell anaemia
The acidosis known to be associated with sickle cell anaemia is exploited in this work to estimate its energy cost to the kidney that has to dialyse the excess protons from the blood into urine against a concentration gradient, thereby doing significant extra work. The mean blood and urine pHs measured for the four discrete sickle cell states (42 subjects with approximately equal numbers of males and females per group,...
January 2007
Chromosome studies in Cashew (Anacardium occidentale L.)
Despite the increased cultivation of cashew as a commodity crop in sub-Sahara Africa, Asia and South America there are few chromosome studies on it. The present study investigates number, structure and behavior of chromosome in cashew populations growing in Nigeria. Cytological examination of these populations revealed a diploid and haploid chromosomes of 2n = 42 and n = 21 respectively. The karyotypes were...
January 2007
Application of amplified fragment length polymorphism (AFLPs) for detection of sex–specific markers in dioecious Uapaca kirkiana Muell. Årg.
Uapaca kirkiana Muell. Årg is a dioecious fruit tree species for priority domestication in Southern Africa. It reaches reproductive maturity in eight to ten years with male plants making up 50% of breeding populations. Early identification of sex of seedlings is a prerequisite for selection and tree improvement. The amplified fragment length polymorphism (AFLP) technique was...
January 2007
Cloning of a carbendazim-resistant gene from Colletotrichum gloeosporioides of mango in South China
Mango anthracnose caused by Colletotrichum gloeosporioides is an important disease and prevalent in tropical regions of China. High carbendazim (MBC)-resistant field strains were tested and collected. The fragments of tub2 were cloned, sequenced, and alignments were carried out between MBC-resistant and wild-type strains of C.gloeosporioides. The results showed that the amino acids were...
January 2007
Phylogenetic diversity and relationships among species of genus Nicotiana using RAPDs analysis
Fifty six Nicotiana species were used to construct phylogenetic trees and to asses the genetic relationships between them. Genetic distances estimated from RAPD analysis was used to construct phylogenetic trees using Phylogenetic Inference Package (PHYLIP). Since phylogenetic relationships estimated for closely related species are more reliable than that estimated for distantly related species,...
January 2007
Monitoring of marine Bacillus diversity among the bacteria community of sea water
Bacillus species are ubiquitous and diverse both in the terrestrial and marine ecosystems. Efforts were made to enrich for marine Bacillus using the medium containing manganese that stimulate spore germination an indication of manganese reduction by Bacillus. Two strains identified as Bacillus pumilus using 16S rRNA gene sequence were isolated from Buzzers Bay seawater at 45 feet...
January 2007
Economic importance and growth rate of broiler chickens served fluted pumpkin (Telfaria occidentalis) leaves extract
An 8-week experiment was conducted to assess the weight gain and the economic importance of broiler chickens served fluted pumpkin leaf extract (FPLE) during the late dry season in Ibadan, Nigeria. One hundred and twenty day-old Anak 2000 broiler chicks were randomly distributed to 5 treatments which contained 0, 30, 60, 90 and 120 ml of FPLE per litre of water for A, B, C, D and E, respectively, in a...
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