May 2013
A review on the detoxification of organophosphorus compounds by microorganisms
Organophosphorus compounds (OPs) are widely used as pesticides and chemical warfare agents (CWAs). These synthetic compounds reside in the environment and cause serious pollution problems. Organophosphorus compounds can be detoxified rapidly by hydrolysis on exposure to environment, which are liable to be influenced by abiotic and biotic factors. Microorganisms isolated from different niches are the predominant entities...
May 2013
Utilization of Human papillomavirus (HPV) DNA detection for cervical cancer screening in developing countries: A myth or reality
Persistent infection by human papillomavirus (HPV) is considered to be the main causative agent of cervical cancer and other anogenital cancers. Of the more than 30 genotypes capable of infecting the anogenital tract, it is estimated that, worldwide, HPV 16 and 18 cause 70% of the cervical cancers. Control through primary prevention has become a distinct reality through a prophylactic vaccine, which may take quite some...
May 2013
Host cells response in Pseudomonas aeruginosa infections - role of quorum sensing molecules
Cell-to-cell signaling is vital not only for communication among superior multicellular organisms, but also among bacteria and for host-pathogen interactions during infections. Pseudomonas aeruginosa is an opportunistic Gram-negative pathogen involved in a wide spectrum of acute and chronic infections, also causing severe nosocomial complications. Among its multiple virulence determinants, the quorum sensing...
May 2013
Prospect of beneficial microorganisms applied in potato cultivation for sustainable agriculture
Potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) is a widely planted crop. The primary obstacles for potato production are the high demands of fertilizers and the occurrence of widespread diseases. Traditional intensively managed agroecosystems depend on fertilizers and biocides, which could induce soil degradation and environmental problems. This review emphasizes the effects of inoculating crops with plant growth-promoting...
May 2013
Identification and differentiation of Candida species using specific polymerase chain reaction (PCR) amplification of the phospholipase B gene
Candida species are the major cause of mortality in both immunocompromised and critically ill patients. Therefore, the early diagnosis and differentiation of Candida species isolated from clinical samples is principally important due to their inherently variable antifungal resistance pattern. Herein, rapid and species-specific polymerase chain reaction (PCR)-based molecular method was developed for the...
May 2013
Actinomycetes from saline and non-saline soils of Saharan palm groves: Taxonomy, ecology and antagonistic properties
This work deals with the taxonomy, ecology and antagonist properties of actinomycetesisolated from soils of 7 Saharan palm groves. These microorganisms constitute an important part of the microflora of non-saline soils, but their density is very low in saline soils, particularly when the electrical conductivity exceeds...
May 2013
Investigation of the association between mean platelet volume and Helicobacter pylori gastritis
Helicobacter pylori is one of the common infection of humans. It is associated with chronic gastritis, peptic ulcer, mucosa related tissue lymphoma and gastric cancer. Whether H. pylori gastritis is a local inflammation or contributes to systemic inflammation remains unclear. Mean platelet volume is an indicator of systemic inflammation that can be determined from routine hemogram analyses. The present...
May 2013
Prevalence of camel tuberculosis at Akaki abattoir in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
A cross sectional study was conducted on 420 apparently healthy camels slaughtered at Akaki abattoir from October 2011 to March 2012 to determine the apparent prevalence of camel tuberculosis and to see its association with sex, age, origin and body condition of camels. Camels were examined for the presence of gross tuberculosis lesions and further cultured to isolate members of the genus Mycobacterium. The overall...
May 2013
Isolation and molecular characterization of non tuberculosis mycobacteria from skin positive reactors and pathological lesions of cattle at Bako, Western Ethiopia
A cross-sectional study was conducted on 858 cattle (371 recruited from Bako Agricultural Research Center, BARC and 487 from Bako municipal abattoir) from October 2009 to April 2010 to isolate and characterize Mycobacterial species from Skin positive reactors and pathological lesion positive cattle. To this effect, comparative intradermal tuberculin (CIDT) test, post mortem examination, bacteriological culturing, and...
May 2013
Antioxidant activities of Bacillus simplex XJ-25 isolated from sand biological soil crusts and its properties
XJ-25, a strain with strong antioxidant activity was isolated from sand biological soil crusts in Gurban Tonggut Desert, Xinjiang, China. Strain XJ-25 is closely related to Bacillus simplex through the 16s rDNA sequencing combined with morphological, physiological and biochemical analysis. The medium for optimal antioxidant activity was NB with 1.5 g/Lglucose. Based on kinetic assay, antioxidant activity began...
May 2013
Microbiological characterization of the Egyptian soft white cheese and identification of its dominant yeasts
We conducted this study to evaluate the differences in microflora and physicochemical properties of some traditionally manufactured soft white cheeses upon purchase from Zagazig city, Egypt, in 2010 and 2011. A total of 168 samples were analyzed for both spoilage (total viable count, lactic acid bacteria, yeasts and moulds, staphylococci, Enterobacteriaceae, and coliform group) and pathogenic (Salmonella spp.,...
May 2013
River Wiwi: A source of Schistosoma haematobium infection in school children in Kumasi, an urban African setting
In Ghana and many other sub-Sahara African countries, schistosomiasis is usually endemic in rural poor communities and whenever it is detected among urban settlers, it is usually attributed to prior visits by such patients to endemic rural areas. In this study, the prevalence of Schistosoma haematobium infection among basic school children in two African urban settings along River Wiwi in Kumasi, Ghana...
May 2013
Causative agents of bacterial meningitis
Central nervous system infections include several clinical involvements with a wide clinical distribution and variable course and outcome. One of the most frequently encountered infections is bacterial meningitis which may lead to serious consequences with respect to development of complications. This study has been conducted with the aim to investigate the causative agents of bacterial meningitis. One hundred...
May 2013
Evaluation of locally available substrates for cultivation of oyster mushroom (Pleurotus ostreatus) in Jimma, Ethiopia
A total of eight locally available substrates and substrate combinations were tested for their productivity and biological efficiency (BE) for cultivation of commercial mushroom strain (Pleurotus ostreatus). Spawn preparation and running were carried out following standard methods. Main substrates were steam sterilized for 1 h and were inoculated with 10% spawn. The inoculated main substrates were arranged in a...
May 2013
Isolation and identification of Enterococcus faecalis and detection of its virulence factor genes in lambs presenting with encephalitis in Xinjiang province, China
In order to investigate the reasons of lamb death, 11 bacteria were isolated from the brain, liver and other tissues of natural infectious lambs presenting neurological symptoms and septicaemia as the main clinical feature from different farm of two regions in Xinjiang, China in recent years. They were identified as Enterococcus faecalis according to morphological, cultural and biochemical characteri-zation....
May 2013
Essential oils against Candida spp: in vitro antifungal activity of Origanum vulgare
Experiments were conducted to evaluate the in vitro antifungal activity and determine chemical composition of Origanum vulgare essential oils. Nine Candida albicans (five clinical animal isolates and four ATCC strains), and three non-albicans species were studied; broth microdilution technique (CLSI) was used. Eight samples of commercial O. vulgare were submitted to...
May 2013
Development of probiotic cultures in a symbiotic soy beverage using different types of carbohydrate
The objective of this study was to evaluate the fermentation of a soluble soy extract using lactic starters such as Lactobacillus acidophilus and Streptococcus thermophilus with L. acidophilus, Bifidobacterium spp. (SAB) and Lactobacillus casei, varying the formulations with respect to the type of carbohydrate used, such as sucrose and glucose. Twelve formulations were...
May 2013
Preparation and antimicrobial activity of O-(benzoyl) chitosan derivatives against some plant pathogens
O-(benzoyl) chitosan derivatives were synthesized and evaluated as antimicrobial agents against some plant pathogens. The chemical structures were characterized by infra-red (IR) and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy and the data confirmed that the acylate reaction took place at O-position of chitosan. The antimicrobial activity was investigated against bacteria of Agrobacterium...
May 2013
Microbial quality of retail mayonnaise-base salads
The purpose of this study was to determine the microbiological quality of retailmayonnaise-based salads samples. A total of 432 samples were collected between 1 February 2008 and 31 July 2009 in Ankara. In the present study, pH values of the samples were measured in the range of 4.05-7.10 (average pH=5.69). The samples with pH higher than 4.6 (n=236/432, 54.6 %) were carried out for...
May 2013
Degradation and detoxification of reactive azo dyes by native bacterial communities
The initial selections of bacterial strains were based on effective decolourization of the medium by visible observation and UV-Vis spectral analysis. The operational parameters for dye degradation by the bacterial strains was observed from 6.5 to 7.5 pH range, 35 to 45°C with 100 mg/l dye concentration in static condition for 3 days incubation. The FTIR analysis reveals the modification of the functional groups...
May 2013
Activities of enzyme adenosine deaminase in serum of lambs experimentally infected with Haemonchus contortus and treated with selenium and copper
The aim of this study was to evaluate adenosine deaminase (ADA) activity in serum of lambs experimentally infected with Haemonchus contortus and treated with selenium and copper. We used 33 lambs, divided into five groups: Group A was composed of five healthy animals (not infected). The groups B, C, D and E comprised seven animals each infected with H. contortus. Group B was not treated (positive control), group C...
May 2013
Heavy metal resistance of bacteria and its impact on the production of antioxidant enzymes
Microorganisms exposed to heavy metal stress are vulnerable to the toxic conditions caused by reactive oxygen species. The aim of this study was to investigate the tolerance of stressed bacteria and detect the ability of some resistant bacterial strains to produce antioxidant enzymes under heavy metal stress. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of heavy metals and antibiotic sensitivity were investigated for some...
May 2013
Particle swarm optimization based estimation of HIV-1 viral load in resource limited settings
Viral load (VL) testing is highly important for diagnosis and staging of HIV-1 infection and for initiating antiretroviral treatment in AIDS patients. However, due to the cost and availability of viral load testing instruments, VL testing is not being performed in many developing and underdeveloped countries. Such countries depend on CD4 tests as an alternative. In this work, a method for estimating the HIV-1 viral load...
May 2013
Molecular detection of β-lactamases and aminoglycoside resistance genes among Escherichia coli isolates recovered from medicinal plant
Cross contamination from composting farm manure and surface run-off waters or the application of untreated sewage, or manure can be sources of pathogenic microorganisms that contaminate fruits and vegetables in the field. Therefore, the current study was aimed to detect the incidence of Escherichia coli isolates from herbs samples and the molecular detection of β-Lactamases and aminoglycoside...
May 2013
Production of a novel Cyclodextrin glycosyltransferase from Bacillus sp. SK13.002
A β-cyclodextrin glycosyltransferase (β-CGTase) from a new alkalitolerant Bacillus sp. SK 13.002 strain which can significantly hydrolyze starch into short linear saccharides, in addition to production of cyclodextrins (CDs) was produced. The hydrolytic activity of this CGTase as a side reaction is thought to be due to partial retention of ancestral enzyme function from...
May 2013
A study of expression performed for the construction of Staphylococcus aureus adhesins FnBPB/ClfA and immunogenicity of the expressed product
In this this study, a cloning plasmid named pMD19-FnBPB-ClfA was constructed, by PCR specific amplifications of genes from region D, fibronectin-binding protein B (FnBPB) and region A in clumping factor A (ClfA), all from Staphylococcus aureus. Splicing by overlap extension using PCR tandem gene FnBPB-ClfA was performed and then gene segments of pMD19-FnBPB-ClfA were inserted into a prokaryotic expression vector named...
May 2013
Identification of races 1, 2 and 3 of Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. lycopersici by molecular markers
The Fusarium wilt caused by Fusarium oxyspoum f. sp. lycopersici (FOL) is a major biotic constraint for tomato production. The pathogenicity of this fungus is variable and it has not been well characterized in tomato. 30 FOL isolates representative of the three races were analyzed by random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD), inter-simple sequence repeat (ISSR) and restriction fragment length...
May 2013
Microbiological and chemical properties of fig vinegar produced in Turkey
Fig vinegar is a traditional fermented product produced mainly from fresh or dried fig in Turkey. The aim of the present study was to investigate the microbiological and chemical properties of traditional fig vinegars. Vinegar samples produced with different receipts by using different types of raw materials and the fermentation conditions, were collected from eight different regions of Turkey and analysis results were...
May 2013
Antibacterial effect of gaseous and aqueous ozone in root canals contaminated with Pseudomonas aeruginosa
This present study attempted to identify the antibacterial effects of aqueous and gaseous ozone in human root canals that are contaminated with Pseudomonas aeruginosa. The differences and antibacterial effects of gaseous and aqueous ozone (manual and ultrasonic) have not been compared to each other yet in any studies. Eighty single-root premolar teeth were prepared and then disinfected and...
May 2013
Methodologies for the evaluation of the antibacterial activity of propolis
Currently, there is a global interest in propolis research due to its various biological activities. In vitro methods are useful for preliminary investigation of the antibacterial activity of propolis extracts. The disk diffusion method and broth macrodilution method recommended by the Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute were used in this study, with some modifications, to evaluate the antibacterial...
May 2013
Preliminary study related to specific nutrient synergy-modulation of antimicrobial resistance of bacteria isolated from dairy products
Increasing resistance to currently used antimicrobials has resulted in the evaluation of other methods to rectify this growing health concern. Herein, we present an investigation to examine the modulation of antimicrobial resistance in bacteria grown in the presence of a specific nutrient synergy (SNS) known as Epican Forte (EF). We have conducted tests on thirty colonies of each of the following bacterial...
May 2013
Ortho VITROS enhanced chemiluminescence assay for detection of hepatitis C virus (HCV) antibodies: Determination of a “borderline†range
The diagnostic efficacy of Ortho VITROS chemiluminescence assay (CIA) in detecting antibodies to the hepatitis C virus (HCV) and the clinical significance of specimens with low sample-to-cut off (S/Co) ratio was analysed, comparing the positive rate for CIA in 5,550 consecutive outpatients with enzyme-immunoassay (EIA). In parallel testing, 43 samples (0.8%) were low positive by CIA (S/Co ratio from 1.0 to 8.0) but...
May 2013
The behavior of Salmonella Typhimurium, Salmonella Typhi, Salmonella Agona and Salmonella Montevideo in raw carrot and in fresh unpasteurized carrot juice
The behavior of Salmonella Typhimurium, Salmonella Typhi, Salmonella Agona andSalmonella Montevideo in raw carrot at 30 ± 1 and 3 ± 1°C and in unpasteurized carrot juice at 3 ± 1, 12 ± 1, 20 ± 1, 30 ± 1 and 37 ± 1°C was determined. Fresh juice was obtained from carrots in the laboratory. Raw carrots were collected from a market...
May 2013
Efficacy of the essential oil of Origanum glandulosum Desf against skin infections With PVL-producing Staphylococcus aureus strains in mice
Skin and soft tissue infections (SSTI) caused by staphylococcal toxins including Panton-Valentine leukocidin (PVL) have increased these last years. Treatment of these complicated infections is often difficult. The search for new methods and new antimicrobial substances is necessary. Natural products such as essential oils appear among...
May 2013
Straminipiles (Oomycota) developing on the eggs of an African catfish, Clarias gariepinus Burchell in water bodies of Poland
The straminipiles (Oomycota), lineage of fungus-like eukaryotic microorganism, growing on the eggs of an African catfish, Clarias gariepinus, in water of different trophicity in Poland have been investigated. Twenty-one (21) species were recorded. The largest number of species occurred on eggs in water from River Biala and Pond Fosa (more biogenic), the smallest in water from River Suprasl and Pond...
May 2013
Effect of physiochemical factors on autoaggregation and adhesion of Flavobacterium johnsoniae-like isolates
Flavobacterium johnsoniae-like isolates are able to form biofilms and have been associated with disease outbreaks in fish. Surface colonization requires microbial adhesion strategies that are mediated by specific surface-associated molecules. Blocking or inhibiting these molecules would facilitate the identification of adhesins involved in surface adherence and development of appropriate anti-adhesion strategies...
May 2013
Efficacy of plant extracts, traditional materials and antibacterial chemicals against Xanthomonas campestris pv. vesicatoria on tomato seed
The potency of mustard and ginger rhizome extracts, lemon juice, Atella (residue of traditional Ethiopian beer) and cow urine in controlling tomato seed borne pathogen, Xanthomonas campestris pv. vesicatoria (Xcv) was evaluated. Artificially inoculated seeds were treated by dipping for 30 min, 3 h, 12 h or 24 h. Streptomycin (0.5%), sodium hypochlorides (1%) and control treatments were similarly applied. The test...
May 2013
Effects of various extracts from Pistacia eurycarpa Yalt. on growth duration of Mycobacterium tuberculosis
The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of various extracts obtained fromPistacia eurycarpa Yalt. on the exact time of appearance of the colonies of Mycobacterium tuberculosis on solid media. For this purpose, the fatty acid compositions of the fixed oils were analyzed using Gas Chromatography – Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS) in the fruit and peels. The fixed oils and the...
May 2013
Antimicrobial potential and chemical constituent of Mikania micrantha H. B. K.
The aerial parts of Mikania micrantha H. B. K. were prepared with different polarities solvents by the associated ultrasonic extracting method. The screening antimicrobial activities assays were designed against fungi (Fusarium solani, Phytophthora parasiticaDestur, Pythium aphanidermatum, and Rhizoctonia solani Kühn) and bacteria (Ralstonia dolaanacearum, Xanthomonas oryzae pv....
May 2013
The discriminative power in determining genetic diversity of Escherichia coli isolates: Comparing ERIC-PCR with AFLP
This present study was performed to investigate genetic diversity of Escherichia coliisolates from healthy cattle while comparing two methods namely, PCR assay for enterobacterial repetitive intergenic consensus sequences (ERIC-PCR) and amplified fragment length polymorphism (AFLP). Our study showed that ERIC-PCR is an appropriate/efficient method for determining diversity of E. coli, providing results...
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