MOLECULAR CHARACTERIZATION OF HEAVY METAL RESISTANT Proteus species
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Heavy metals are silent killer of mankind and the cause of environmental pollution. The ability of some microorganisms to resist heavy metals makes them useful in bioremediation. The aim of this study was to molecularly characterize heavy metal-resistant Proteus species isolated from the soil of a cement factory. Proteus species were tested for resistance to lead, chromium, copper and iron at concentrations: 0.00, 0.25,...
Antibiotic and Heavy Metal Resistance Genes in Hospital Effluents and Streams in Benin
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Poor effluent management is known to release antibiotic resistance genes and heavy metal resistance genes into streams. The objective of this study was to investigate the occurrence of antibiotics and heavy metals in hospital effluents and streams in Benin. The extraction of genomic DNA from multidrug-resistant bacterial strains isolated from stream and hospital effluents samples was performed according to the...
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The Lagoon Ebrié in the city of Abidjan is a typical aquatic ecosystem that can be used to predict the existence and circulation of water pathogens. Phages are viruses that infect bacteria and can be used for the detection of their bacteria host. In this study, we investigated bacteria colonies in their natural habitat within the Lagoon by using phages as indicators. Their impact on pollution was also determined in...
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Rotavirus group A (RVA) causes neonatal calves diarrhoea, causing massive economic losses in many countries due to deaths, treatment costs, and stunted growth. However, little is known about Tanzanian cattle's RVA burden and genotypes. The prevalence and genetic diversity of rotaviruses circulating in cattle in Southern and Eastern Tanzania regions were investigated. A total of 272 faecal samples collected from calves (102...
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Aquatic samples from three water bodies were collected following laid down procedures. The bacteria were isolated using, Eosin Methylene Blue agar (EMB), Mannitol salt agar (MSA), Thiosulfate-Citrate-Bile Salts-Sucrose (TCBS) Agar, Muller Hinton (MH). The isolates were subjected to colonial, morphological and biochemical characterization. Pathogenicity test was carried out on the isolates using blood agar to determine...
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Bovine mastitis is a disease that has a great impact on Brazilian livestock production. Some bacteria described as mastitis-causing agents are not easily cultivable in conventional media, making their diagnosis difficult. The aim of the present study was to detect bacteria present in milk from mastitic and non-mastitic quarters of dairy cattle in Rio de Janeiro-Brazil, using a culture-independent and culture-dependent...
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Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza (HPAI) is one of the most serious public-health threats to arise from the animal reservoir. It can kill up to 90% of a flock and generate epidemics that can spread quickly, wreaking havoc on the poultry business and putting severe trade restrictions in place. Newcastle disease (NCD) is also a persistent threat to the poultry business and is a limiting illness for poultry farmers around the...
Total microorganisms in cerrado soil under the influence of seasonal changes
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The Cerrado is the second largest Brazilian biome and one of the main biodiversity hotspots on the planet, and has recently gained prominence as the last agricultural frontier with food production potential in the Americas. The Cerrado soils are old, deep, not very fertile, acidic and very weathered, however they have a great wealth of biodiversity of fungi and bacteria, which play fundamental roles for the resilience and...
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Objective: The objective of this work is to determine the carriage rate of Streptococcus b in pregnant women in the last trimester, to specify the serotypes, to assess the antibiotic sensitivity of the carried strains and to determine the support of the resistance to macrolides and aminoglycosides. Material and methods: This was a prospective study from March 1, 2015 to September 30, 2015, which included 389 of patients...
Isolation and Characterization of Bacteria capable of degrading Poly Chlorinated Biphenyls
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Classical methods of treatment of Poly Chlorinated Biphenyls (PCBs) in environmental matrices are giving way to bioremediation techniques. As a result, bacterial samples from microbial communities adapted to PCBs are being isolated and characterized to assess their suitability for use in removing PCBs from various environmental media. This study therefore sought to isolate and characterize suitable bacteria from two...
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Background Cholera is a disease of significant public concern in the Democratic Republic of the Congo. Cholera is typically diagnosed using culture and biochemistry. However, the genes responsible for cholera's toxigenicity can only be identified using molecular techniques that are not readily available. Here, we applied two polymerase chain reaction (PCR) methods to detect the ctxA and tcP genes and determined the...
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Endosymbiotic bacteria such as Bacillus subtilis, a safe organism involved in disease control, drought tolerance and growth promotion in plants have recently been isolated from leaf, stem and bark, tissues of Hevea brasiliensis. The abiotic (drought and low temperature) and biotic (various diseases) stress related genes which are normally expressed in Hevea are neither sufficient to overcome the unfavourable conditions...
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The objective of the study was to test the antibacterial activities of crude extracts of roots and leaves of Aloe gilbertii Reynolds against clinical pathogens. The crude extracts were prepared via maceration technique employing n-hexane, acetone, chloroform, dichloromethane: methanol (50:50% V/V) and methanol solvent system. The phytochemical screening tests of the dichloromethane: methanol (50:50% V/V) root extract of A....
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Common bacterial blight (CBB) caused by Xanthomonas axonopodis pv. phaseoli (Xap) have been recorded as one of the most important seed-borne destructive diseases on beans. Chemical compounds which are incessantly used on beans to manage CBB disease cause serious damage to natural ecosystems and sometimes they show frequent failure for controlling CBB. These consequences are attributed to the use of by-products from...
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Wild yeasts are used as leavening agents to produce carbon dioxide by utilizing sugars in the flour and thereby ferment in order to raise the dough. Therefore, the present study was carried out to characterize wild yeast isolates recovered from fruits to assess their leavening potential of wheat dough under laboratory conditions. The yeast isolates were retrieved from fruits following standard methods. From a total of 88...
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The aim of this study was to measure the standard parameters of intra-validation of the total aflatoxin low-matrix ELISA Kit (Lot No. 062218, RENEKABIO, USA) and the method was used to evaluate the contamination degree in 4 different spices [white pepper (Piper nigrum), black pepper (Piper nigrum), njansang (Ricinodendron heudelottii) and super mbongo spice (Aframomum citratum, Monodora myristica and Afrostyrax...
TAENIASIS-CIRTICERCOSIS COMPLEX AND TUBERCULOSIS IN FOOD
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Although in 2020 the country's Gross Domestic Product (GDP) declined 4,1% compared to the previous year, the participation of livestock in the same period increased its representation from 8,4% to 10%. It is estimated that Brazil's contribution to the world food market has grown from 20,6 billion to 100 billion and the prospects are for greater increases for the coming years. In terms of people fed, the numbers were 800...
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The objectives of this study were to determine phytochemical screening, phenolic contents, antioxidant and antifungal activities of crude ethanolic extracts from different organs of Bunium incrassatum (Boiss.) Batt. Plant samples were collected from the West of Algeria. Phytochemical tests revealed the presence of phenolic compounds and other several families of chemical constituents. Flavonoids and coumarins were some of...
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The aim of this study is to determine the distribution of the genotypic pathogenicity traits of vaginal high-risk infectious bacteria collected in the CHU-MEL of Cotonou (Benin). To achieve this, a recto-vaginal swab of 42 pregnant women in the third trimester of pregnancy were collected. Species identification was carried out by specific biochemical tests. Antimicrobial susceptibility was tested according to the...
Fungal contamination of dental appliances: A cross-transversal study
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Orthodontic treatment makes necessary to use a longtime fixed-band appliance, it offers suitable conditions for fungal growth, dentures also allow fungal contamination on their surfaces. The aim of our study is the identification of the fungal species colonizing surfaces of dental appliances, the cross-sectional study was carried out on 60 patients wearing dental appliances, during 5 months, and sterile swabs were used...
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This study determined the prevalence and drug resistant patterns of bacteria isolated from untreated hospital wastewaters collected from selected hospitals in Offa Local Government Area of Kwara State, Nigeria. A total of 42 composite samples were aseptically collected, transported and analyzed for enumeration of microorganisms, bacteriological identification and susceptibility testing following standard procedures. The...
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Background: Bovine brucellosis is a major zoonosis caused by Brucella abortus. It is a disease with a high hygienic and economic impact that mainly affects breeders, handlers and consumers of dairy products and animal health professionals. It is therefore a real public health problem. The objective of this study was to assess seroprevalence and risk behaviour for zoonotic transmission of bovine brucellosis in Namentenga...
Etiological and Predictive factors of Acute Meningitis in an Mansoura fever hospital, Egypt
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Background: Meningitis is a public health concern, with several responsible etiologic agents that vary by age group and geographical area. The clinical features and Cerebrospinal Fluid (CSF) examination should determine a presumptive cause of acute meningitis within few hours. This study aimed to highlight the etiological and prognostic factors of acute meningitis in hospitalized febrile patients in Mansoura Fever...
Effects of Processing Operations on the Nutrient Compositions of Odourless ‘fufu’
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‘Fufu’ is a starchy staple food usually made from fermented cassava mash. It is characterized by undesirable odour because of the compounds produced due to enzymatic activities of the microorganisms caused inherent objectionable odour, which are produced during fermentation. The actual odour-producing compounds were not characterized, but produced during of fermentation, and not acceptable to the consumer. The biomass of...
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This study uses cross sectional descriptive design to conduct a research during the corona virus pandemic October 2020 to January 2021, among primary school children and investigate the prevalence and intensity of Schistosoma haematobium infection at Kurfi village, Sokoto state of Nigeria. Two hundred and thirteen urine samples were examined from the school pupils aged between 3 to 20 years. Quantitative microscopic...
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Background: Thyme is one of the most important medicinal plants in wild rangeland in Iran that has lots of benefits. Pseudomonas flourescence is one of the effective plant growth promoting bacteria (PGPR) as a bioinoculant for medicinal plants. This study aims to survey three inoculation techniques with PGPR on growth and oil content in Thymus kotschyanus for organic cultivation. Material and methods: For this research,...
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The current study aimed at developing and examining biofilmed biofertilizers (BFBFs) as an ameliorator for potato cultivation by enhancing soil-plant interaction. Fungal-bacterial biofilms, the main ingredient of the BFBFs were developed using soil microorganisms and were screened for their efficacy. The best BFBF coupled with chemical fertilizers were evaluated for potato yield response and soil amelioration by two field...
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Objective: The broad genetic diversity of HIV requires regular reassessment of adopted HIV diagnostic tests. The objective of this study was to reassess the performances of Determine® HIV 1/2 and Uni-gold® HIV1/2, 2 HIV rapid diagnostic tests of the national algorithm, since 2005 in Central African Republic. Methods: A reference prospective panel of 150 plasma samples were tested in duplicate with Determine® HIV 1/2 and...
Microbial Genes associated with Methane Metabolism in Smallholder Dairy Cattle
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Methane gas is known for its negative environmental impact. To reduce negative methane gas released from dairy cattle, genes responsible for its production should be known and identified. A study with an aim of identifying the microbial genes responsible for methane gas release was undertaken. Samples of cattle’s stool on-farms (Lushoto and Rungwe districts of Tanzania) and a station-based (Kanyariri of Kenya) smallholding...
OVERVIEW OF BOVINE BRUCELLOSIS AND ITS IMPORTANCE IN ETHIOPIA
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Ethiopia is a country with a large potential of livestock production with the greatest count made by cattle though overall production and income generation is below than optimum due to different reasons from which brucellosis comes at front. Therefore, the objective of this article is to review brucellosis and its importance in Ethiopia. The disease is an infectious type characterized by affecting ruminants and human...
ANTIBACTERIAL POTENTIAL OF SEAWEED MICROBIOME OF SOUTHEAST COAST OF INDIA
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The major groups of seaweed such as Padina pavonica and Dictyota dichotoma in Brown algae, Halimeda macroloba and Chaetomorpha antenninain green algae and the Red algae Gracilaria parvispora were examined for the presence of beneficial compounds and activity in symbiotically associated bacteria. Totally 40 isolated colonies were obtained and 10 physically similar strains were randomly selected and evaluate their...
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The objective of this work was to evaluate the effect of bacteriocins from lactic acid bacteria (LAB) in Zea mays-based ogi on some foodborne bacteria contaminating cabbage in Abakaliki, Nigeria. Ten (10) samples (5 samples of Zea mays-based ogi and 5 samples of suspected contaminated cabbage heads) were aseptically collected and analyzed using standard microbiological methods. Five different Lactobacillus isolates (A, B,...
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Legionella pneumophila is an important pathogen and is involved in more than 95% of cases of severe atypical pneumonia. The current study focused on the ablution water in the grand mosque in Makkah as well as water tanks in hotels surrounding the holy mosque. A total of 100 water samples were collected from ablution water in the Haram and the hotels in the central area around the grand mosque and sent to the research...
Aflatoxigenic potential of Aspergillus section Flavi isolated from maize seeds, in Burkina Faso
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The frequency of occurrence and four principal kinds of aflatoxin concentration in maize seeds grown in Burkina Faso was investigated. Ten (10) samples collected, were analyzed by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) with post-column derivatisation after immunoaffinity column cleanup. Eight strains of Aspergillus section Flavi were previously isolated from these samples and cultivated on “Aspergillus flavus and...
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Antimicrobial surveillance and identifying the genetic basis of antimicrobial resistance provide important information to optimize patient care. The present study was analytical cross sectional study aimed to determine the prevalence of MDR, XDR, PDR and extended-spectrum ?-lactamases genes among Gram-negative bacteria isolated in Saudi Arabia. A total number of 386 non-duplicate Gram-negative isolate were collected....
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Infections with Human T-cell Lymphotropic Virus types 1 and 2 (HTLV1/2) are common among HIV-positive people who inject drugs (PWIDs). There is scarcity of information on HIV/HTLV-1/2 co-infection among PWIDs.Co-infection is prevalent since the three viruses have comparable transmission pathways and T-lymphocyte tropism. Since HTLV-1 induces an increase in viral replication, HIV infection is worsened as the course to...
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A cross-sectional study was conducted to estimate the prevalence, serotypes, antimicrobial resistance and plasmids profiles of Salmonella spp. in Nile perch of Lake Victoria, Tanzania. Salmonella spp. and Escherichia coli in water and fish samples were investigated using bacteriological methods. Antimicrobial resistance profiles of Salmonella spp. were determined using the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) method. A...
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Lyngbya majuscula is a filamentous marine cyanobacterium that has been reported to be a source of a wide array of natural products. It has been shown to harbor a variety of epibiotic bacteria on its surface. However, the phylogeny of these epibiotic bacteria from the Kenyan Lyngbya majuscula is not well understood. This study aimed at characterizing epibiotic bacteria isolates co-existing with the Kenyan Coastal marine...
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In Nigeria, diarrhea is one of the main causes of morbidity and mortality among children under five years of age, due to unsafe water supplies, poor sanitation, and hygiene practices. It is also responsible for several hospital admissions in Lokoja, the Confluence city of Kogi State. The conventional antibiotics used for the treatment of these conditions have however been regularly misused and consequently, grossly...
Microbial quality of fermented milk in Ada`a District, Central Ethiopia
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The study was conducted in Ada`a district, central Ethiopia to assess the microbial quality of fermented milks. A total of 70 fermented milk samples were collected and tested for microbial analysis from smallholder (40), Bishoftu town cafeteria (20) and modern dairy farms (10). The mean TBC ( Total Bacterial Counts) were 8.4±0.152, 9.2±0.083 and 8.9±0.146 log10 cfu ml-1 for fermented milk from the smallholder dairy,...
Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 (HIV-1) Subtype Diversity in Busia, Western Kenya
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HIV infection is currently the single biggest epidemic globally. HIV is the etiologic agent for AIDS. HIV is divided into two types: HIV type 1 (HIV-1) and HIV type 2 (HIV-2). HIV-2 is rare and is mainly found in some parts of West Africa, though an increasing number of cases have been recognized in Europe, India, and the United States of America in recent times. HIV-1 accounts for most cases of AIDS. The strains of...
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In this study we assayed on antimicrobial activity of various parts of Benincasa hispida (peel, pulp, waxy coating) of mature and immature winter melon fruits. Various parts of the plant are reported as antibacterial agents worldwide. Leaves, flower, root, seed are the most studied elements as antibacterial agent. Some fruits are also proved antibacterial agent and used as herbal medicine as well as nutritional...
Phylogenetic analyses and bioactivities of endophytic Pestalotiopsis from Amazonian species
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Bioprospecting of the genus Pestalotiopsis shows potential for different bioactivity applications, this potential may originate from the close relationship with its host species. In this study, we verified the efficiency of the ITS regions for phylogenetic analysis of Pestalotiopsis species isolated as endophytes associated with basidiomycetes. The strains of endophytic fungi were isolated from the Genus Gustavia,...
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The use of insects in folk medicine is widespread. This study was carried out in order to investigate the in vitro antimicrobial activity of the Acanthoplus discoidalis insect extract. Insects were harvested from maize fields by hand picking and prepared to produce the extract. In the disc-diffusion assay, plate count agar plates were inoculated with 100μl of each of the test microorganism adjusted with peptone to...
Antimicrobial Properties and Antioxidant Activities of Pigeon Pea Seed Protein Hydrolysates
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In recent times, the biological activities of enzymatic digests of plant and animal proteins have been investigated and have been shown to exhibit multidirectional effects against microorganisms involved in the pathophysiology of a number of diseases. The present study evaluated the antimicrobial and antioxidant effects of pigeon pea protein hydrolysates. Proteins were hydrolyzed using the enzymes pepsin, trypsin and...
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Background: Food contact surfaces are surfaces that encounter food for humans. It can harbor and introduce pathogens into food. Objective: The aim of this study was to assess the microbiological quality of food contact surfaces (utensils) from hotels and restaurants in Addis Ababa. Methods: We used cross-sectional study design in which 12 hotels and 28 restaurants were randomly selected in Addis Ababa. Swab samples from...
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Background: Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is of the most frequent malignancies that suffer poor prognosis. In Egypt, HCC occurs mainly in the background of chronic infection with HCV. Early diagnosis of HCC development is crucial for proper management. Therefore, this study aimed to detect the expression of miR-122 and miR-483 in sera from Egyptian patients with HCV-related HCC and to evaluate their value as biomarkers...
Survey for Faba bean (Vicia fabae L.) fungal diseases in Ethiopia
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Among biotic factors diseases were the most important constraints of Faba bean yield in Ethiopia. This investigation was designed: to identify, document, prioritize and be acquainted with distribution of fungal diseases of Faba bean in Ethiopia; to map geographical distribution areas for economically important faba bean fungal diseases. Assessments of diseases were accomplished in 2017 and 2018 main growing season of the...
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Vancomycin remains one of reserved drugs and last option for the treatment of methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) globally. Little resistance has been reported to date, but generally it is not being actively prescribed in this environment. This study evaluated the possibility of isolating S. aureus with genes encoding resistance to vancomycin in a hospital setting. A total of 177 presumptive S. aureus...
BACTERIAL BIOFILM IN VETERINARY MEDICINE: MECHANISMS AND ITS CLINICAL IMPLICATIONS
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Bacteria can exist in natural ecosystem in two forms: (1) free-floating ‘planktonic organisms’ and (2) in biofilms which is recently recognized and the predominant form of microbial growth attached to surfaces. Biofilms are clinically important in both human and veterinary medicine, having the ability to form on both medical devices and living tissue. Biofilm formation has many stage of process which is includes:...
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