July 2011
Effects of UV irradiation on plants
Global change will definitely introduce changes in agricultural ecosystems that will affect plant productivity. However, the effects on plants will be different for each region depending on the pre-existing climatic conditions and the adaptation potential of local cultivated species. The solar energy from the sun is essential to support the life on our plant, via the process of photosynthesis. However a small proportion...
July 2011
The in vitro efficacy of a Zimbabwean isolate of Zoophthora radicans Brefeld (Batko) in the control of Lepidoptera larvae infesting Brassica sp.
The use of microbes in pest control is an important aspect of integrated pest management (IPM). A Zimbabwean isolate of the fungal entomopathogen Zoophthora radicans was tested for efficacy in the control of Brassica infesting lepidopteran larvae. Z. radicanscaused 98.68%...
July 2011
The antifungal mechanism of Bacillus subtilis against Pestalotiopsis eugeniae and its development for commercial applications against wax apple infection
The inhibition zones of three Bacillus subtilis isolates, BS-99, BS-23857 and BS-33608 against Pestalotiopsis eugeniae were, 13.5, 0, and 0 mm, respectively. BS-99 showed the strongest inhibitory activity, whereas, no inhibitory activity was reported for BS-23857 or BS-33608. The spore germination rates of P. eugeniae were not significantly inhibited...
July 2011
The effect of fertilizer amendment on diesel biodegradation in contaminated soils
Diesel biodegradation and the effect of application frequency were investigated in artificially contaminated soils (loam soil and sea sand) amended with commercial fertilizers and the effect of application frequency. Two sets of four equal portions (2 kg each) of diesel-contaminated soils were amended with 10% (w/w) of 2 different commercial fertilizers at 4 different but regular intervals for up to four times during a...
July 2011
Better criterion screening for left ventricular hypertrophy by electrocardiogram with different purposes
According to the recommendations for the standardization and interpretation of the electrocardiogram (ECG) of AHA/ACCF/HRS declared in 2009, there are more than 30 criteria for diagnosing left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH). The sensitivity of the various criteria is generally quite low. However, the specificity of ECG in LVH could be 85 to 90%, acting as a strong predictor for cardiovascular events. To...
July 2011
Evaluation of inoculation of plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria on cadmium and lead uptake by canola and barley
Plant growth promoting bacteria are important for plant growth and heavy metal uptake of metal-polluted soils. In this study, to isolate (cadmium and lead) Cd and Pb-resistant bacteria, seven strains of Pseudomonas putida and Pseudomonas fluorescens were plated onto Tryptone Soya Broth supplemented with different concentrations of Pb(No3)2and CdCl2 (0, 30, 60 mg L-1). Three heavy metals...
July 2011
Agricultural utilisation of dairy sewage sludge: Its effect on enzymatic activity and microorganisms of the soil environment
Biochemical indices related with the transformations of C, N and P are frequently used in the diagnosis of soil quality. Such an assessment usually includes analysis of the following enzymes – the activity of dehydrogenases and of hydrolytic enzymes such as phosphatases, urease and protease. The objective of the study presented here was evaluation of dairy sewage sludge as an agent causing an improvement of soil...
July 2011
Prevalence of Leptospira hardjo antibody in bulk tank milk in some dairy herds in Mashhad suburb
Bulk tank milk samples were collected from 47 dairy herds in Mashhad suburb. From 19 herds, one sample was collected at each season in 2009 and from the rest of the 28 dairy herds one sample was collected only at autumn, 2009 and samples was tested by ELISA method for detecting antibodies to Leptospira interrogans serovar hardjo. These herds, which had not been vaccinated against leptospirosis within...
July 2011
Direct detection of Escherichia coli O157 and its major virulence factor genes in animal faeces at slaughter using multiplex polymerase chain reaction (PCR)
Although more than 100 serotypes of shigatoxigenic Escherichia coli (STEC) have been implicated in cases of human diseases, E. coli O157 is the most common serogroup connected with sporadic cases and large outbreaks of diseases in many countries. Rapid and sensitive identification of this dangerous pathogen is important for patient management and for prompt epidemiological investigations. PCR...
July 2011
Determination of an economical medium for growth of Clostridium butyricum TK2 using orthogonal test
Clostridium butyricum is a widely utilized probiotics, also used as an alternative to antibiotics for humans and growth promotion in a wide variety of livestock species. The objective of this study is to develop an economical and practical fermentation medium for the growth of C. butyricum TK2 using orthogonal test. The optimal fermentation medium was obtained by the single factor and the orthogonal test...
July 2011
Prevalence of dental caries bacterial pathogens and evaluation of inhibitory concentration effect on different tooth pastes against Streptococcus spp
Dental caries is a microbiologic infection of the tooth which results in localized dissolution and destruction of the calcified tissue and it is one of the most common chronic infectious diseases in humans throughout the world. People spent huge amounts of money and time in treating dental caries. Hence, it is essential to prevent and control dental caries in public health. In our studies, a total of 70 clinical...
July 2011
Aerobic composting of water lettuce for preparation of phosphorus enriched organic manure
In this study, rock phosphate (RP-compost) enriched composts were prepared by mixing rock phosphate with water lettuce (Pistia stratiotes) with and without effective microbes. The treatment comprised of four types and includes control plant material (water lettuce), water lettuce and rock phosphate (WL+RP), water lettuce, rock phosphate, effective microorganisms (WL+RP+EM) and water lettuce, rock phosphate, effective...
July 2011
Single multiplex PCR assay to identify the shiga toxin
Strains of shiga toxin–producing Escherichia coli (STEC) and Shigella dysenteriae type1 have been associated with outbreaks of diarrhea, hemorrhagic colitis and hemolytic uremic syndrome (HUS) in humans. Most clinical signs of disease arise as consequence of the production of shiga toxin/shiga toxin 1 (Stx/Stx1), shiga toxin 2 (Stx2) or combination of these toxins. Here, we designed a...
July 2011
Virus infection disturbs cyclin expression, leading to cell cycle arrest in the unicellular marine algae Emiliania huxleyi and Chrysochromulina ericina
To investigate the influences of viral infection on cell cycle of marine algae, we examined the changes of expression and activity of G2/M-phase cell cycle regulators in two unicellular marine algae Emiliania huxleyi and Chrysochromulina ericina after viral infection by immunoblot. The results revealed that the expression of cyclins could be altered by viral infection, thus inhibiting the progression...
July 2011
The respiratory syncytial virus may not always be responsible for Bronchiolitis in children
The aim of this study is to investigate the viral agents and the viral profile in children under 5 years of age who are referred to our hospital due to acute wheezing. The nasal smears of 55 children who were referred to Kagithane State Hospital from now on (KSH) with acute wheezing between November 2009 and March 2010 were analyzed with multiplex PCR and the distribution of respiratory virus detected in these smears...
July 2011
Haematological parameters in blood of maedi-visna virus-infected and uninfected sheep
The maedi-visna virus (MVV) classified as a lentivirus of the retroviridae family, causes a very common economically important disease in sheep, in many parts of the worlds. Presences of the infection in Turkey have been shown by researches in previous studies. In this study all blood samples were examined by ELISA and PCR to detect MVV antibody and antigen responses, respectively. Hematological findings were...
July 2011
Biochemical and molecular characterization of hemolytic Bacillus licheniformis strains isolated from shrimp and clam aquacultures
A polyphasic approach was used to discriminate among the significantly hemolytic and closely related Bacillus licheniformis strains, NE-1, NE-2 and NE-3. Utilization of the API 20E kit revealed that B. licheniformis NE-1 is unique in its ability to utilize sorbitol as a sole carbon source, whereas B. licheniformis NE-2 is an exceptional in L-arabinose utilization. The phylogenetic analysis...
July 2011
Trends of sudden wilt syndrome in sesame plots irrigated with delayed intervals
In this work, sudden wilt syndrome in sesame was investigated during varying irrigation treatments. For the four irrigation intervals numbers of infected plants and infected rows were determined in experiments conducted during growing periods. The resulting data were transformed to percent values and regressed against the irrigation intervals. The correlations between the rates of infected plants and irrigation...
July 2011
Perpetration of styrene–butadiene acrylate anti bacterial binders and their application on cotton/polyester printing
This paper reports preparation of four samples of styrene – acrylic emulsion copolymers. It was performed in the presence of acrylic- acid, acryl amid, ammonium persulfate as a free radical initiator and sodium dodecyl benzene sulfate as an anionic emulsifier at 80°C. The resulting Ag nanoparticle-loaded grafted fabric was characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), scanning electron...
July 2011
Enrichment and diversity analysis of the thermophilic microbes in a high temperature petroleum reservoir
Thermophilic microbial diversity in production water from a high temperature, water-flooded petroleum reservoir of an offshore oilfield in China was characterized by enrichment and polymerase chain reaction-denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (PCR-DGGE) analysis. Six different function enrichment cultures were cultivated one year, at 75°C DGGE and sequence analyses of 16S rRNA gene fragments were used to assess...
July 2011
Screening of lactobacilli bacteria isolated from gastrointestinal tract of broiler chickens for their use as probiotic
A study was conducted to isolate lactobacilli from the gastrointestinal (GI) tract of broiler chickens and to evaluate their application as a probiotic supplement. The GI contents of 12 broiler chickens from three different ages were collected and cultured on Man Rogosa and Sharp (MRS) agar. In order to determine bacterial species, different grown colonies were separated and subjected to the sequencing of the 16s...
July 2011
Development and application of a novel multiplex polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assay for rapid detection of various types of staphylococci strains
In this study, a novel multiplex- polymerase chain reaction (PCR) for rapid detection of various staphylococci strains, including methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA), methicillin-sensitive Staphylococcus aureus, (MSSA) methicillin-resistant coagulase-negative staphylococci (MRCNS), methicillin-sensitive coagulase-negative staphylococci (MSCNS) and non-staphylococci...
July 2011
Effect of neem (Azadiracta indica) aqueous extract on Casuarina equisetifolia seed germination, growth of Frankia and some rhizospheric microorganisms
Aqueous neem (Azadiracta indica) leaf extract was tested for its effect on Casuarina equisetifolia seed germination capacity, growth of Frankia and on some dominant rhizosphere microorganisms under casuarinas grown in soil contaminated with sewage water. Analysiswas carried out to determine the main micro- and macroelement content of different extract amounts. The addition of...
July 2011
The in vitro effect of vancomycin on multidrug resistant Staphylococcus aureus from hospital currency notes
We determined the in vitro effect of vancomycin on multidrug resistant Staphylococcus aureus isolates and presumptive roles of plasmid DNA using standard microbiological procedures. A total of 32 paper naira notes from seven different hospital sections (mostly from the patients) were analyzed. Thirteen notes (40.6%) gave isolates of S. aureus and subsequent resistant range of between 62.5...
July 2011
Study on productivity of epilithic algae in Urumqi River Basin in Northwest China
The primary objective of this study was to make a deep investigation on the concentration of chlorophyll a and ash-free dry mass (AFDM) estimates for algae growing on stones in Urumqi River located in an arid region of northwest China. The study was conducted on three sites. A highly improved method for measuring primary productivity in situ was used to estimate the primary production of algae...
July 2011
Effect of jujube extract on oxidative injury in heart muscles of exhausted training rats
Jujube is an important plant in traditional Chinese medicine and is recommended for the treatment of some diseases such as tumors and cardiovascular disease related to the production of radical species resulting from oxidative stress. The objective of this study was to investigate effect of jujube extract on oxidative injury in heart muscles of exhausted training rats. Four groups of animals were studied: (a) sedentary...
July 2011
Prevalence and antimicrobial resistance profiles of Listeria monocytogenes in spontaneous abortions in humans
Listeria monocytogenes is a causative agent of listeriosis. Clinical manifestation of invasive listeriosis is usually sever and include sepsis and meningoencephalitis. Uterian infection in listeriosis depend on gestational age varies from preterm labour, delivery of infected neonate to abortion. The present study investigated the incidence and antibiograms of the organism in clinical samples were collected from...
July 2011
Bacteriological study of vaginal discharge of pregnant women using Gram stain smear and culture
Bacterial vaginosis is caused by an imbalance of the organisms that naturally exist in the vagina. The importance of bacterial vaginosis with respect to pregnant women’s health is emphasized by the association betweenbacterial vaginosis and adverse outcome of pregnancy. The aim of present study was to evaluate the direct smear microscopy and culture for determination of bacteria from...
July 2011
Detection of the anaerobic bacteria in the odontogenic cyst fluids using polymerase chain reaction (PCR) method
Odontogenic cysts are slow growing lesions which are formed by epithelium. They may reach to a substantial size without symptoms for a long time. Radicular cysts’ (RCs) and odontogenic keratocysts’ (OKCs) are common odontogenic cysts of jaws. The main purpose of this study is to evaluate if anaerobic bacteria play a role in the pathogenesis of the...
July 2011
An investigation on the pollen germination and tube growth in some Prunus persica genotypes and cultivars
Peaches and nectarines (Prunus persica) are stone fruit trees which their pistils needed to be pollinated and fertilized to set fruits therefore; pollen characteristics including pollen viability, longevity, morphological homogeneity, germination and pollen tube growth rate are very important component of fertilization and fruit setting. However, study of main pollen traits is one of the most important...
July 2011
Mutational studies for hyper producers of L-glutamic acid from Bacillus strains UG1 and OG4 from vegetable proteins
An investigation was carried out to produce mutant isolates from Bacillus subtilis UG1 and Bacillus licheniformis OG4 isolated from vegetable proteins using a chemical mutagen N-methyl-N-nitrosoguanidine (NTG) at dosage concentration of 250 µg/ml. The mutant isolates obtained from wild strain of B. subtilis UG1 produced mutants (M1 to M9) and was screened for hyper...
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