December 2010
Antimicrobial activity determination of the gum of Pistacia atlantica Desf. oil
The essential oil from the gum of Pistacia atlantica Desf. grown in Algeria was obtained by the hydrodistillation method, and its antimicrobial activities against the growth of clinical isolates of Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli andStreptococcus pyogenes were evaluated using the agar disc diffusion, the minimal inhibitory quantity (MIQ) determination...
December 2010
Escherichia coli O157:H7 EDL933 has a strong virulence to Bama miniature pigs by injection and fails to colonize to their gastrointestinal tracts
Detection of Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli O157:H7 from commercially grown pigs has been reported. Furthermore, the E. coli O157:H7 colonized model of pig has been established and E. coli O157:H7 could be transmitted from infected donor pigs to naïve pigs directly and indirectly. In the present study, we want to know whether any E. coli O157:H7 strain can...
December 2010
Combination of high frequency electromagnetic fields with pre heat to inactivate mesophil microorganisms of flexible packed cooked chick and cooked chick meal
The effect of high frequency Electromagnetic Induction (EMI) combined with various condition of pre-heating for inactivation of mesophil microorganisms in multilayer flexible pouches has been studied. All samples were filled in pouches and, have been put in (water bath chamber; different condition of pre heating (80°C 5 min, 80°C 10 min, 80°C 15 min, 85°C 5 min, 85°C 10 min, 85°C 15...
December 2010
Camel pneumonia in Nigeria: Epidemiology and bacterial flora in normal and diseased lung
Respiratory disease is an emerging problem in camels, although information of the normal bacterial flora and bacterial agents implicated in pneumonia is rare in Nigeria. Five hundred lung samples were collected at random from two randomly selected camel slaughter house in Nigeria. Swabs samples were cultured and identified. Arcanobacterium pyogenes, Mannheimia haemolytica and Pasteurella...
December 2010
Degradative activity of bacteria isolated from hydrocarbon-polluted site in Ilaje, Ondo State, Nigeria
A study was carried out to isolate hydrocarbon-degrading bacteria associated with environmental samples collected from Ilaje coastal area, Nigeria. The samples were analyzed microbiologically using standard microbiological techniques. These organisms were further studied to determine their biodegrading activities on hydrocarbons (diesel, kerosene, petrol) using enrichment medium. The microbial growths were...
December 2010
Isolation and characterization of Newcastle disease virus from ostriches in Iran
Newcastle disease (ND) is a highly contagious infection of poultry that causes nervous signs and mortality in young ostriches. This study has been done during two years from 2008 to 2010 in Iran, in order to explore ND in ostriches died following nervous signs, and carcasses of these ostriches examined by different methods including histopathology, bacteriology and virology. No histopathological sign was...
December 2010
Evaluation of fluorescent in situ hybridization for rapid diagnosis of enterococcal wound infection
Enterococci are among prominent causes of nosocomial wound infections. Since the rapid detection of causative agents could make earlier administration of choice antibiotics and quick recovery of patients, so the application of rapid diagnostic methods is important. Therefore, this study was designed to evaluate fluorescent in situhybridization (FISH) for the detection of Enterococcus in wound...
December 2010
Rapid, specific and concurrent detection of Listeria, Salmonella and Escherichia coli pathogens by multiplex PCR in Iranian food
We are unable to detect all microorganisms in media. In consequence, molecular methods like PCR based techniques can mend our difficulties in this era. Herein, we describe simultaneous detection of major food-borne pathogens Listeria monocytogenes, Salmonella spp. and Escherichia coli O157:H7. Iranian food materials used for comparison of traditional microbiological methods (such...
December 2010
Resistant phenotypes and genotypes of clinical isolates of multidrug-resistant Enterococcus faecium in a teaching hospital in Shantou, China
This study is the first to report on the resistant phenotypes and genotypes ofEnterococcus faecium clinical isolates in Shantou, China. A total of 39 E. faeciumclinical isolates were collected from January 2004 to January 2006 and analyzed for their resistance to 10 antibiotics and for genes coding for resistance to the associated antibiotics. E. faecium isolates were resistant to 5 or...
December 2010
Determination of zearalenone (ZEA) in wheat samples collected from Jeddah market, Saudi Arabia
The incidence of fungal contamination in wheat grains in Saudi Arabia market was frequently studied; however, the potential presence of Zearalenone was not examined thoroughly. Therefore, the objective of the current study was to explore the occurrence of Zearalenone and the fungal flora in wheat samples and to correlate between the detected Zearalenone level and the level of fungal contamination as well as...
December 2010
Response of three peanut cultivars toward inoculation with two Bradyrhizobium strains and an Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungus in Senegal
The aim of this investigation was to isolate the most specific, effective and competitive strains for peanut, and to determine the level of variability in peanut cultivars response toward single/dual inoculation. Peanut seeds of three cultivars namely 55–437, Fleur 11 and 69–101 were inoculated with two bradyrhizobial strains (LMG9283 and USDA3187) and an AM fungus Glomus intraradices,...
December 2010
Challenges in determining the pathogenicity status of Leptospira isolates with phenotypic methods: The need for a polyvalent approach
Understanding the pathogenic status of leptospires, the causative agents of leptospirosis, is important for successful laboratory diagnosis and control programmes of this zoonosis. Leptospires are difficult to differentiate morphologically; therefore, their pathogenic, intermediate or saprophytic status is currently determined based on both phenotypic tests like growth response in medium containing 8-azaguanine and...
December 2010
Thermostable α-amylase from natural variants of Bacillus spp. prevalent in eastern Himalayan Range
North Eastern Region of India in the eastern Himalayan Range has a rich diversity of microbial flora which has remained unexplored. It is thus, an ideal place to explore the rich and complex microbial diversity for the isolation of novel α-amylase enzyme. In the present study, various bacterial strains were isolated from soils of North-Eastern region of India spread over diverse habitats ranging from an...
December 2010
Microscopic changes of the gastric mucosa in dyspeptic patients infected by Helicobacter pylori
Forty patients complaining from dyspepsia were used in this study. Exclusion criteria were recent or past history of gastric neoplasm of gastric surgery, long term therapy with nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs and previous treatment with antibiotics or bismuth salts. Serum samples obtained from each patient were tested for the presence of IgG and IgA antibodies against Helicobacter pylori using...
December 2010
Effects of midazolam, diazepam, propofol and dexmedetomidine on endothelial cell proliferation and angiogenesis induced by VEGF
The goal of this study was to investigate the effects of the sedative drugs midazolam, diazepam, propofol and dexmedetomidine on cell proliferation and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF)-induced angiogenesis. The effects of the drugs on cell proliferation and angiogenesis were evaluated using human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs). HUVECs were exposed to 200 ng/ml of midazolam, 600 ng/ml of...
December 2010
Utilization of sugar beet pulp as a substrate for the fungal production of cellulase and bioethanol
Microbial production of cellulase and bioethanol were studied using Sugar Beet Pulp (SBP) as a substrate by Trichoderma reesei and Saccharomyces cerevisiae, respectively. The subculture medium for cellulase production was a salt solution. Fungal cells were sub-cultured in an orbital shaker at 30°C for 4 to 6 days and then were used as an inoculum. Exponential cells were inoculated into...
December 2010
Efficacy of aqueous medicinal plant extracts on growth and citrinin production by Penicillium citrinum isolated from rice grains
In this study we investigated the efficacy of aqueous medicinal plant extracts obtained from Andrographis paniculata, Cymbopogon citratus, Eurycoma longifolia, Kaempferia galanga and Orthosiphon aristatus on growth and citrinin production by Penicillium citrinum isolated from rice grains under in vitro (liquid media) conditions. All medicinal plant extracts effectively...
December 2010
Prevalence of virulence genes and biofilm formation among Staphylococcus aureus clinical isolates associated with lower respiratory infection
The aim of this study was to determine the frequencies of virulence genes and biofilm formation among Staphylococcus aureus clinical isolates, associated with lower respiratory infection. Different methods, from December 2007 to September 2009, were used to determine a total of 119 S. aureus clinical isolates, which were isolated from the sputum specimens of the patients with lower...
December 2010
Bioprotection mechanisms of pea plant by Rhizobium leguminosarum against Orobanche crenata
Broomrapes are achlorophyl holoparasites of many important economic dicotyledonous crops. As weeds, they significantly decrease crop yields. Orobanche crenata is an important constraint to Mediterranean area pea (Pisum sativum L.) cultivation, as no resistant variety is available. Our previous researches showed that several Rhizobium leguminosarum strains decrease damages caused...
December 2010
Effects of FK506 on serum IFN-γ and IL-2 levels and liver parasite load in Toxoplasma gondii-infected mice
In the present study, we investigated the effects of FK506 (immunosuppressant, Tacrolimus) on the contents of interferon-gamma (IFN-γ) and interleukin-2 (IL-2), and liver parasite load in mice infected with Toxoplasma gondii (T. Gondii). 120 Kunming mice were intraperitoneally injected with 102/mouse T. Gondii (RH strain) tachyzoites, and then these mice were randomly divided...
December 2010
Rapid and simple detection of Hepatitis C virus by reverse transcriptase -loop- mediated isothermal amplification method
Hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection frequently causes chronic hepatitis, which progresses to liver cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma. HCV infection has now become a serious health problem because at least 170 million people worldwide are currently infected with HCV. Molecular diagnostics are revolutionizing the clinical practice of infectious disease. Loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP) is a...
December 2010
Seroprevalence of HTLV1/2, HSV1/2 and Toxoplasma gondii among chronic HIV-1 infected individuals in rural northeastern South Africa
Infection with human immunodefienciy virus (HIV) leads to immunosuppression and subsequent onset of AIDS. The management of HIV/AIDS takes into account co-morbidities due to viral, bacterial and protozoal infections. The aim of this study was to determine the seroprevalence of human T-cell lymphotropic virus types 1/2 (HTLV1/2), herpes simplex virus types 1/2 (HSV1/2) andToxoplasma gondii in a...
December 2010
In vitro antimicrobial activity of shrimps haemolymph on clinical pathogens
Crustaceans, the lower inverteberates, have an immense immunological defence against pathogenic microorganisms. In such a way, this work is carried out in 3 selective shrimp namely Penaeus indicus, Penaeus monodon and Penaeus semisulcatus. The hemolymph were collected separately from these shrimps and tested against series of clinical pathogens as well as multi drug resistant pathogens The...
December 2010
Identification of a chitin deacetylase producing bacteria isolated from soil and its fermentation optimization
Chitin deacetylase (CDA) catalyzes the conversion of chitin to chitosan by the deacetylation of N-acetyl-D-glucosamine residues. In this study, 9 strains of bacteria with chitin deacetylase activity were isolated from canal mud samples from theXiangjiang River in Changsha, Hunan Province. Of these 9 strains, the Z7 strain had the highest chitin deacetylase activity, as determined by enzyme assay...
December 2010
The use of the purple non sulfur bacterium isolate P1 and fermented pineapple extract to treat latex rubber sheet wastewater for possible use as irrigation water
A central composite design using two variables (concentrations of isolate P1 and Fermented Pineapple Extract (FPE) each at three levels was used to study their effects on the treatment efficiency of latex rubber sheet wastewater under micro aerobic-light conditions. The optimum combination over a 72 h period consisted of 3% P1 and 0.13% FPE and resulted in the removal of 80% Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD), 82%...
December 2010
A novel loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP) method for detection of Fusobacterium necrophorum from footrot
A loop-mediated isothermal amplification method (Fn-LAMP) was developed for detection of Fusobacterium necrophorum from footrot using a set of four specific primers designed from the lktA gene of Fusobacterium necrophorum. The Fn-LAMP method, performed for 45 min at 61°C, was capable of detecting 1 cfu/mL of F. necrophorum and was 10 times more sensitive than conventional PCR...
December 2010
Fecal microbial flora in colorectal cancer
The human bowel contains a large and dynamic bacterial population (more than 500 species of bacteria). Some intestinal bacteria such as Streptococcus bovis,Enterococcus spp., Bacteroides fragilis and Clostridium perfringens have previously been suggested to be implicated in the promotion of colon carcinogenesis probably through the conversion of mutagen metabolites. In this study...
December 2010
Growth and cultural characteristics of selected bacteria on Cowpea Agar (Vigna unguiculata)
A general purpose solid bacteriological medium, Cowpea Agar (CPA), was prepared from black-eyed cowpea (Vigna unguiculata) for use in classroom non-research practical lessons in microbiology for deprived schools in developing countries. The growth and cultural characteristics of Klebsiella pneumonia, Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, Enterobacter faecalis, Stapylococcus epidermidis and Salmonella...
December 2010
In vitro susceptibility of commonly used antibiotics against Vibrio spp. isolated from Lobster (Panulirus homarus)
The sensitivity of 28 isolates of Vibrio spp. isolated from the edible muscle of lobster was compared using commonly used antibiotics. The in vitro susceptibility of the isolates was studied by disk diffusion method using disks contained tetracycline, ampicillin, penicillin, doxycycline, streptomycin and erythromycin. All bacterial strains studied in this research showed high degree of...
December 2010
The status of serum procalcitonin in sepsis and non-infectious systemic inflammatory response syndrome
Procalcitonin (PCT) is a marker of the inflammatory response to infection and not released in viral disease. The aim of the present study was to determine the level of PCT in sepsis and non-infectious systemic inflammatory response syndrome (SIRS) We determined the level of serum PCT in 50 sepsis and 50 non-infectious SIRS cases, using semiquantitative PCT-Q kit. The frequency of PCT positivity was...
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