Abay GY, Bauer H, Gebrihiwot K, Deckers J (2011). Peri-urban spotted hyena (Crocuta crocuta) in northern Ethiopia: diet, economic impact, and abundance. Eur. J. Wildl. Res. 57:759-765.
crossref

Bertram BC (1979). Serengeti predators and their social systems. Pages 221-285, In: Sinclair, A.R.E. and Norton-Griffiths M (Editors) Serengeti: Dynamics of An Ecosystem. University of Chicago Press, Chicago.

Croes BM, Funston PJ, Rasmussen G, Buij R, Saleh A, Tumenta PN, De Iongh HH (2011). The impact of trophy hunting on lions (Panthera leo) and other large carnivores in the Bénoué Complex, northern Cameroon. Biol. Conserv. 144:3064-3072.
crossref

De Iongh HH, Bauer H, Hamling P (2004). Nine years on research on lions (Panthera leo) in the Waza National Park (Cameroon); a review. Game Wildl. Sci. 21:433-444.

Flying Doctors Society of Africa (2002). Flying Doctors Society of Africa: a life saving air ambulance service, Flying Doctors Society of Africa, place 

Frank LG (1998). Living with lions: carnivore conservation and livestock in Laikipia District, Kenya. Unpublished Report. Development Alternatives, Inc. Nairobi.

Gade DM (2006). Hyenas and Humans in the Horn of Africa. Geogr. Rev. 96(4):609-632.
crossref

Henschel JR, Tilson RL (1988). How much does a spotted hyaena eat? Perspective from the Namib Desert. African J. Ecol. 26:247-255.
crossref

Hofer H (2002). Spotted Hyaena (On-line). IUCN Species Survival Commission Hyaenidae Specialist Group. 

Hofer H, Mills MGL (1998). Population size, threats and conservation status of hyaenas. In: Mills, M.G.L., Hofer, H. (compilers) (Eds.), Hyaenas: Status Survey and Conservation Action Plan. IUCN/SSC Hyaena Specialist Group, Gland, Switzerland, pp. 64-79.

Holmern T, Nyahongo JW, Røskaft E (2007). Livestock loss caused by predators outside the Serengeti National Park, Tanzania. Biol. Conserv. 135:518-542.
crossref

IRIN (Integrated Regional Information Networks). (2000). Somalia: Four People Reported Killed by Man-Eating Hyenas in Puntland. IRIN News, 8 June.

Jackson P, Nowell K (1996). Problems and possible solutions in management of felid predators. J. Wildlife Res. 1:304-314.

Kingdon J (1977). East African Mammals: An Atlas of Evolution in Africa. Academic Press, New York. 146 pages.

Kissui BM (2008). Livestock predation by lions, leopard ds, spotted hyenas, and their vulnerability to retaliatory killing in the Maasai steppe, Tanzania. Anim. Conserv. 11:422-432.
crossref

Kolowski JM, Holekamp KE (2006). Spatial, temporal, and physical characteristics of livestock depredations by large carnivores along a Kenyan reserve border. Biol. Conserv. 128:529-541.
crossref

Kruuk H (1972). The Spotted Hyena: A study of predation and social Behavior. University of Chicago Press, Chicago, 352 pages.

Kruuk H (1966). Clan-system and feeding habits of spotted hyenas (Crocuta crocuta). Nature 209:1257-1258.
crossref

Litvaitis JA (2000). Investigating food habits of terrestrial vertebrates. In: Boitani, L., Fuller, T.K. (Eds.), Research Techniques in Animal Ecology. Controversies and Consequences. Columbia University Press, New York, pp. 165-190.

Macdonald DW, Sillero-Zubiri C (2002). Large carnivores and conflict: lion conservation in context. Pages 1-8, In: Loveridge AJ, Lynam T, Macdonald DW (Editors). Lion Conservation Research Workshop 2: Modelling Conflict Wildlife Conservation Research Unit, Oxford.

Mills GGL, Harvey M (2001). African Predators. Cape Town, Struik.

Mills MGL, Hofer H (1998). Hyaenas. Status Survey and Conservation Action Plan. IUCN/SSC Hyaena Specialist Group. IUCN, Gland, Switzerland and Cambridge, UK (compilers).

O'Connell-Rodwell CE, Rodwell T, Rice M, Hart LA (2000). Living with the modern conservation paradigm: can agricultural communities co-exist with elephants? A five year case study in East Caprivi, Namibia. Biol. Conserv. 93:381-391.
crossref

Ogada MO, Woodroffe R, Oguge NO, Frank LG (2003). Limiting depredation by African carnivores: the role of livestock husbandry. Conserv. Biol. 17:1521-1530.
crossref

Polisar J, Maxit I, Scognamillo D, Farrell L, Sunquist ME, Eisenberg JF (2003). Jaguars, pumas, their prey base, and cattle ranching: ecological interpretations of a management problem. Biol. Conserv. 109:297–310.
crossref

Ray JC, Redford KH, Steneck RS, Berger J (Eds.) (2005). Large Carnivores and the Conservation of Biodiversity. Island Press, Washington, DC.

Sapa-AFP [Sapa-Agence France-Presse] (1999). Three Ethiopians Eaten by Hyenas. Top Secret Animal Attack Files, 29 October.

Schaller GB (1972). The Serengeti Lion. University of Chicago Press, Chicago.

Sillero-Zubiri C, Laurenson MK (2001). Interactions between carnivores and local communities: conflict or co-existence? Pages 282-312, In: Gittleman JL, Funk S, Macdonald DW, Wayne RK (Editors). Carnivore Conservation. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge.

Woodroffe R, Thirgood S, Rabinowitz A (Eds.), 2005. People and Wildlife: Conflict or Coexistence? Cambridge University Press, New York.
crossref

Yalden DW, Largen MJ, Koch D, Hillman JC (1996). Catalogue of the mammals of Ethiopia and Eritrea. Trop. Zool. 9:73-164.
crossref

Yirga G, Bauer H (2010). Livestock Depredation of the Spotted Hyena (Crocuta crocuta) in Southern Tigray, Northern Ethiopia. Intl. J. Ecol. Environ. Sci. 36:67-73.

Yirga G, De Iongh HH, Leirs H, Gebrehiwot K, Deckers J, Bauer H (2012). Adapt-ability of large carnivores to changing anthropogenic food sources: diet change of spotted hyena (Crocuta crocuta) during Christian fasting period in northern Ethiopia. J. Anim. Ecol. 81:1052-1055.
crossref