Abstract

Historically, there have been environmental conflicts between conservation authorities and local communities. The declaration of nature reserves often resulted in forced removals and negative perceptions of conservation. The new municipal governance system of South Africa is intended to overcome political problems of the apartheid era. But can it resolve environmental conflict? Examples of environmental conflicts are presented and appear to be complicated by new post-apartheid governance system. The case of Mabibi is presented to show how plans for development could take account of past history and community needs. Recommendations to enhance ‘humanistic conservation’ and empower local communities are provided.

Key words: Environmental governance, conflict resolution, South Africa.