Bioactive compounds from Hagenia abyssinica with activity against bean pathogenic bacteria
May 2023
Common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) is a major food crop in Africa and its production is plagued by diseases that reduce the potential yield, thus threatening food security. This study evaluated compounds from Hagenia abyssinica for bioactivity against bean bacterial pathogens Xanthomonus axonopodis pv. phaseoli and Pseudomonus savastanoi pv. phaseolicola. One triterpenoid, 1,3,19-trihydroxy-2-oxo-12-ursen-28-oic acid...
Variability in the chemical composition and phenolic compounds of wild Tunisian populations of Nitraria retusa (Forssk.) Asch. and study of their antioxidant properties
April 2023
Six wild populations of Nitraria retusa growing in Tunisia (Mehdia, Mtorech, Kataena, Matmata, Bechima, and Tataouine) were evaluated for their mineral contents, phytochemical composition, phenols content and antioxidants activity. The preliminary phytochemical composition revealed the presence of phenolic compounds such as flavonoids, sterols terpenes and free quinones. Analysis of mineral...
Chemical components of the volatile and non-volatile extractives of Croton species and their microbial activities
March 2023
Essential oil compounds of Croton pseudopulchellus and Croton gratissimus were analysed using Gas Chromatography/Mass Spectrophotometry and screened for antimicrobial activity against Bacillus pimilus (ATCC 29212), Bacillus cereus (ATCC 10702), Staphylococcus aureus (ATCC 3983), Streptococcus faecalis (ATCC 29212), Escherichia coli (ATCC 4983), Klebsiella pneumoniae (ATCC 2983) and Pseudomonas aeruginosa (ATCC 19582)...
Evaluation of the grain yield performance of 5 soybean genotypes in Mozambique using the GGE Biplot method
March 2023
Soybean is a peculiar crop due to its photoperiod sensitivity. The introduction of this crop to a new production region requires a detailed study of its adaptability to select the best genotypes with high production stability for the region. In Mozambique, the demand for soybean grain has been growing. However, national production is low due to little knowledge of the performance of genotypes. The objective of this...
Production and characterisation of chitosan from chitin of snail shells by sequential modification process
February 2023
Presently, the snail shells produced wastes that are detrimental to clean immediate environment while over reliance on synthesized polymer are suicidal to environment because they are not degradable. Hence, biological production of polymer through shells of snail recycling will signal an ending to consequences associated with wastes and polymer synthesis. Therefore, the current study is targeted at chitosan extraction,...
In vitro anthelmintic activities of stem and root barks extracts of Parkia biglobosa on infective larvae and adult of Haemonchus contortus
January 2023
The treatment of gastrointestinal nematode infections in the 21st century is largely through the use of modern synthetic anthelmintics. However, there is over growing drug resistance to anthelmintics in treatment of gastrointestinal nematode infections in goats and sheep. This present study was carried out to determine the in vitro anthelmintic activitities of Parkia biglobosa using Larval motility inhibition assay...
Assessment of anticoccidial efficacy of chitosan nanoencapsulated bromelain against coccidia in naturally infected goats in Kenya
January 2023
The current study assessed the anticoccidial efficacy of chitosan nanoencapsulated bromelain (CNB) against coccidiosis in goats. Bromelain was extracted from the pineapple peels using standard methods while oral solution of CNB was prepared using standard manufacturing methods. The in vivo study was done on fifteen healthy male goats naturally infected with coccidia. The goats were divided into three groups consisting...
Adsorption of lead, cadmium, and mercury ions in aqueous solution using groundnut and sheanut shells biochars
January 2023
The adsorption performance of toxic ions and effect of initial pH using groundnut shells and sheanut shells biochars were studied to ascertain the practical and theoretical basis of the use of biochars to remediate water pollution. Biochars were prepared using groundnut and sheanut shells as the feed stocks. The removal efficiencies of lead (Pb) were 100%, > 65.90% for cadmium (Cd) and 96.70% for mercury (Hg) in mono...
Microbial analysis and detection of Aflatoxin from Irvingia gabonensis kernels sold in Oyo Town, Oyo State, Nigeria
December 2022
This research work aimed at screening for different microorganisms associated with Irvingia gabonensis var. gabonesis Kernels, its nutritional value and detection of aflatoxins from some of the infested I. gabonensis Kernels sold in Oyo town. A total of 30 different I. gabonensis var. gabonesis Kernels were randomly purchased from six different points in the five major markets in Oyo town and isolation was...
Some physicochemical properties of tyrosinase from sweet potato (Ipomea batatas)
December 2022
Tyrosinase catalyzes formation of browning in plants, foods and vegetables. Sweet potato (Ipomea batatas) undergoes browning after harvesting or during post-harvest operations leading to spoilage and loss of economic value. The physico-chemical properties of purified tyrosinase from I. batatas are here described with a view to providing information on the suitability or otherwise of the enzyme for several industrial and...
Engineering of high production of salicylic acid in transgenic hairy roots of Marigold Calendula officinalis L. by Agrobacterium rhizogenes ATCC 13332
December 2022
This study is directed to engineering the high production of salicylic acid from both genetically transformed hairy roots and callus cultures of Marigold, Calendula officinalis L., by pRi-DNA plasmid of the wild type Agrobacterium rhizogenes ATCC 13332, via "Direct injection" and "Co-cultivation" techniques. High frequency of transformed hairy roots was recorded as leaves were inoculated by mixture...
Molecular and physiological characterization of bread wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) breeding lines for fungal diseases tolerance
December 2022
Fungal diseases are one of the major causes of losses on wheat yield in the world. Recent studies on plant defense mechanisms have highlighted the role of amino acids and total polyphenols in disease tolerance. Thus, with the objective of identifying on the basis of morphological and physiological variables the high-performance wheat accessions in high and low altitude, we characterized sixteen wheat accessions via...
Improved SSRs-based genetic diversity assessment of coconuts (Cocos nucifera L) along the coast of Kenya
November 2022
Coconut is the most important cash crop along the Coast of Kenya, yet its genetic diversity has not been fully established. Genetic diversity study of 48 coconut genotypes, collected at the Coastal Kenya was conducted with 13 polymorphic short sequence repeats (SSRs) markers. SSR analysis was performed using GeneMapper while data analysis was done with PowerMarker and DARwin softwares. Analysis revealed a total of...
Antibacterial Activities of selected Medicinal Plants Against Salmonella typhi, Salmonella paratyphi A, B and C, Clinical Isolates in North Central, Nigeria.
November 2022
The aim of the research was to investigate the antibacterial activities and the phytochemical properties of aqueous and ethanolic extracts of Mango (Mangifera indica) and Neem (Azadirachta indica) leaves, on clinical isolates of Salmonella typhi, Salmonella paratyphi A, B and C, in Lafia, Nigeria. The agar well diffusion technique was used and the analyses were done in triplicates. At the highest aqueous and ethanolic...
Evaluation of Fagara zanthoxyloïdes and Mucuna pruriens extracts phenolic profile and their in vitro antioxidant activity
November 2022
In this study, the antioxidant activity and phytochemical analysis of extracts from the bark of Fagara zanthoxyloides and seeds of Mucuna pruriens were performed. Phytochemical analysis quantified total polyphenols, flavonoids, tannins and anthocyanins and the antioxidant activity was evaluated by DPPH method. The high levels of polyphenols are obtained from the aqueous extract of F. zanthoxyloïdes (488.6 ±...
Semi-artificial method of induced breeding of the African catfish (Clarias gariepinus, Burchell, 1822) under varying broodstock ratios using Ovaprim®
October 2022
Modern methods of producing African catfish (Clarias gariepinus) fingerlings require that the male brooder is sacrificed to obtain milt for artificial fertilization of the eggs stripped from the female under hormonal induction. This study assessed the semi-artificial technique of producing catfish larvae with different broodstock ratios using Ovaprim®, a synthetic spawning inducing hormone. The treatments with 3...
Cordycepin production by the potential fungal strains Cordyceps militaris BCC 2819 and Cordyceps cicadae BCC 19788 in submerged culture during batch and Fed-batch fermentation
October 2022
Cordycepin is one of the most important bioactive compounds; the low productivity and long production cycle of cordycepin are barriers to its commercialization. The optimal media for cordycepin production by Cordyceps militaris BCC 2819 and Cordyceps cicadae BCC 19788, which are potent cordycepin-producing-fungal strains, were determined through statistical experiments. Six nutrients including glucose, adenine, glycine,...
Encapsulation by complex coacervation of total flavonoids and total phenols of methanol extract of Anacardium occidentale L. (Anacardeaceae) obtained by microwave assisted extraction
October 2022
The study was carried out to produce a microcapsule powder of total flavonoids and total total phenols of methanol extract of the cashew, using a complex coacervation encapsulation method. In the search for optimal conditions for encapsulation, a three level factorial design was set up, while taking into account factors like time and proportions in Arabic gum and gelatin. The kinetic of encapsulation follows a kinetic...
Effect of temperature on lipid accumulation in three green microalgae species
October 2022
The objective of this work was to analyze the growth of Scenedesmus acutus, Nannochloropsis oculata and Chlorella vulgaris at different temperatures (25, 30 and 38°C) in order to identify changes in lipid content, accumulation of neutral lipids and fatty acids profile. According to the results obtained, the temperature of 30°C does not affect the growth of the microalgae S. acutus, N. oculata and C. vulgaris;...
Screening for phosphate deficiency tolerance and expression of phosphate uptake genes in Nigerian local rice landraces
October 2022
Twenty-one Nigerian rice landraces were screened for tolerance to phosphate deficiency in nutrient medium using selected morphological indices from which Phosphate Deficiency Tolerance Index (PDTI) was evaluated. All landraces were analyzed for the presence of four phosphate uptake 1 (Pup-1) gene-linked markers while relative expression levels of two Pup-1 genes were evaluated in selected landraces under zero, normal...
Characterization of plant growth promoting rhizobacteria isolated from soils of Senegalese Semi-arid Sahelian Zone
September 2022
The semi-arid Sahelian region of Africa, characterized by its deleterious agro-climatic conditions, is also subject to agricultural overexploitation to support human and livestock food. This situation has strongly accentuated the continuous degradation of arable land. However, green biotechnologies are often proposed to promote more sustainable agricultural systems. Thus, the soil microbiome is explored for the...
In vitro regeneration of Tripsacum laxum Nash
September 2022
Tripsacum laxum Nash (Guatemala grass) is widely used globally as a forage crop. Its strong roots and long period of growth and utilization allow it to be harvested for many years, and given its high yield, high nutritional value, and good taste. Here the peduncles of T. laxum Nash were used as explants to induce shoots and then efficient shoot proliferation and regeneration system were established for the first time....
Prevalence of drug resistance and genetic characterization of Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex strains from pulmonary tuberculosis patients co-infected with malaria at Jamot Hospital in Yaoundé
September 2022
Tuberculosis (TB) is caused by the Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex (MTBC) and remains a major global public health concern. This study aimed to determine the prevalence of drug resistance and the genetic variation among MTBC population in pulmonary tuberculosis patients co-infected with Malaria at Jamot Hospital in Yaoundé-Cameroon. This was a 12 months cross-sectional study that enrolled 336 participants aged...
Effects of 2-chlorophenol and 2,4-dichlorophenol on mitotic chromosomes and nucleic acid content using Allium cepa and Vicia faba assays
September 2022
Chlorophenols are compounds used as intermediaries in manufacturing agricultural pesticides. Despite the efficiency on their targets, they are considered as environmental pollutant substances. This study assessed two chlorophenol substances, 2-chlorophenol and 2,4-dichlorophenol (2-CP, 2,4-DCP) for their cytogenetic, genotoxic, and nucleic acid content affects using Allium cepa and Vicia faba assay....
Association of serum MMP-9 with recurrence in patients with resectable esophageal squamous cell carcinoma after chemotherapy or concurrent radiotherapy
August 2022
Esophagectomy is a common standard treatment of localized disease. However, local recurrence frequently occurs in patients with advanced esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) after operation, resulting in the need for using biomarkers to evaluate recurrence in patients with advanced ESCC during postoperative therapies. This study examined serum matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9) as a prognosis factor in recurrent...
The value-chain of cotton industry in Kenya with focus on product stewardship for timely provision of certified quality Hybrid Bt cotton seeds to farmers
August 2022
For there to be sustainable revival of Kenya’s Cotton Industry, its cotton-value needs to be analyzed, there is need to identify its weak points and implement measures to ameliorate its key constraints. Various authors have developed and analyzed the value-chain of the Cotton Industry in Kenya. This paper reviews important components of the value-chain focusing on strengthening the supply of safe, adequate and...
Studies of Salvia officinalis leaf extract on some biochemical parameters in rats induced with overdosed-tramadol
August 2022
The aim of the study was to evaluate the effect of Salvia officinalis leaf extract in overdosed-tramadol induced rats. Standard methods of analysis were used for the study. Fifty rats were divided into Group A (Control) - feed and water only, Group B-induced with tramadol at 50 mg/kg body weight, Group C-induced with tramadol + 150 mg/kg of S. officinalis leaf extract, Group D-tramadol + 300 mg/kg S. officinalis...
Rhizosphere competence and abiotic stress tolerance of commercially sold Pseudomonas fluorescens biofertilizers: Implications for their bioremediation potential
August 2022
Microbial remediation research has become front and centre gaining momentum for numerous environmental biotechnological applications. Agronomical bioproducts have been widely used for many years and their availability, low costs and safety makes them potentially suitable for alternative biotechnological applications, specifically environmental remediation. In this study, the commercially available biofertilizer,...
Assessment of Exserohilum turcicum using molecular markers for sustainable maize production in Tanzania
August 2022
The Exserohilum turcicum fungus causes the Northern leaf blight (NLB) of maize all over the world. In Tanzania, this disease is considered as a major foliar disease with yield losses of 23.9 to 62.8%. To understand the genetic variations of E. turcicum from maize fields in Tanzania, a survey was conducted in four regions, including Morogoro, Iringa, Njombe, and Mbeya. Leaf samples were collected from diseased plants...
Analgesic and anti-inflammatory activities of propolis obtained from Gboko, Nigeria
July 2022
The use of propolis for the treatment of various ailments in which inflammation and pain is involved is cross-cultural. This report was designed to investigate the analgesic and anti-inflammatory activities of propolis obtained from Gboko, Benue State using hexane, ethyl acetate, and ethanol solvents. Propolis sample obtained from beehives was homogenized, extracted and dried at 40°C. The dry extract was prepared in...
Fatty acid profiles in Chinese Maiwa yak milk across the lactation cycle
July 2022
An experiment was conducted to determine fatty acid (FA) pro?les in Chinese Maiwa yak milk across the lactation cycle. Sixty-one healthy, similar weight, 4-7 years old, 3-6 parity Maiwa yaks with unrelated background were selected randomly from Hongyuan County, Sichuan province, in southwest of China (with the altitude over 3500 m). The yaks graze on natural pasture all year around without irrigation, fertilizer, or...
Synthesis of silver nanoparticles using crude leaf extracts of Acacia nilotica, Azadirachta indica, Carissa spinarum, Melia azedarach, Senna didymobotrya and Warburgia ugandensis, and their antifungal activity against Sporisorium scitamineum
July 2022
Bio-synthesised silver nanoparticles are effective in controlling several micro-organisms. They are correspondingly environmentally friendly, affordable, and easy to synthesise when compared with chemically synthesised silver nanoparticles. This study investigated the efficacy of biosynthesized silver nanoparticles against the fungus Sporisorium scitamineum, the causal agent of sugarcane smut. The reduction of silver...
Influence of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi and phosphorous on the growth, nutrient uptake, chlorophyll content and some metabolites of eggplant (Solanum melongena L. VAR. Yalo) under saline conditions
July 2022
The effects of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) and phosphorous (P) on the growth, nutrient uptake, chlorophyll content and some metabolites of eggplant (Solanum melongena L. VAR. Yalo) were determined under saline conditions, through a greenhouse experiment conducted for six weeks. Seedlings were planted in polythene bags previously filled with sand, 1 g of P and 50 g of AMF for all concentrations (0, 50,...
Effect of different concentrations of plant growth hormones on callus induction and regeneration of Shea tree (Vitellaria paradoxa)
July 2022
The slow natural regeneration pattern of the Shea tree due to the long gestation period and intense harvest has limited the domestication and genetic improvement of this tree. These limitations have necessitated the need for an alternative method of conserving the Shea tree outside the natural habitat. The propagation of the Shea tree by the in-vitro clonal technique presents such an alternative method. The purpose of...
Modulation of ethoxyresorufin-o-deethylase, benzoxyresorufin-o-dealkylase and pentoxyresorufin-o-dealkylase expression by African walnut seeds lipid extract in 3-methylcholanthrene induced breast cancer in Wistar rats
June 2022
Breast cancer is prevalent among women worldwide. African walnut (Tetracarpidium conophorum) seeds extract have been shown to have medicinal properties. This study is to determine the effects of feeding T. conophorum seeds lipid extract on 3-methylcholanthrene (MC) induced breast carcinogenesis and the expression of ethoxyresorufin-O-deethylase (CYP1A1), benzoxyresorufin-O-dealkylase (CYP1B1) and...
Assessment of genetic diversity of local rice accessions cultivated in Guinea revealed by SNPs markers, and identification of markers associated with tolerance to iron toxicity
June 2022
Rice is the staple food in the Republic of Guinea. However, its production is seriously hampered by iron toxicity. The fight against this stress necessarily involves the search for tolerant or resistant varieties. The study aims to determine quantitative trait locus (QTL) associated with tolerance to iron toxicity and to identify genotypes tolerant or resistant to iron toxicity. Thus, 90 local rice accessions collected...
The role of N-terminal module of PhyB in modulating root and hypocotyl growth length in Arabidopsis
June 2022
Phytochrome belongs to red/far-red light family of photoreceptors. It exists in two spectral forms named red light absorbing form (Pr), said to be the inactive form and far-red light absorbing form (Pfr) which is the active form. This photoreceptor is structurally divided into two modules- the amino acid (N-) terminal photosensory module and caboxylic acid (C-) terminal His kinase-like catalytic output module. Five...
The effect of foliar application of zinc oxide nanoparticles and Moringa oleifera leaf extract on growth, biochemical parameters and in promoting salt stress tolerance in faba bean
June 2022
Salinity is major abiotic stress limiting plant growth worldwide. Plant adaptation to salinity stress involves diverse physiological and metabolic pathways. In this study, we assessed the effects of foliar application of zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnONPs) and Moringa leaf extract (MLE) on salt tolerance in faba beans (cultivar, Sakha 4). Morphological, chemical, and biochemical parameters of plants grown under saline...
The effect of substrates on the growth, yield, nutritional and phytochemical components of Pleurotus ostreatus supplemented with four medicinal plants
June 2022
The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of substrates on the growth, yield, nutritional, and medicinal value of Pleurotus ostreatus supplemented with four medicinal plants. A completely randomized block design was laid out with 4 treatments replicated 4 times with and without medicinal plants. T1 (sawdust), T2 (sawdust + corncobs), T3 (palm cones), and T4 (elephant stalks) were the treatments used. Croton...
Commercialization of genetically modified crops in Africa: Opportunities and challenges
May 2022
Genetically modified (GM) crops offer potential for enhancing agricultural productivity for smallholder farmers in Africa. After nearly three decades of research and development collaboration and regulatory capacity strengthening, several countries in Sub-Saharan Africa (SSA) are moving towards commercializing GM crops for the benefit of smallholder farmers. South Africa approved genetically modified (GM) cotton, maize...
Characterization and antimicrobial activities of lactic acid bacteria isolated from selected Nigerian traditional fermented foods
May 2022
For production and preservation of traditional fermented foods, the genera, lactic acid bacteria (LAB) have been used. This study was carried out to determine the characteristics and the antimicrobial activities of lactic acid bacteria isolated from selected Nigerian traditional fermented foods. Changes in pH and titratable acidity (TA) of the samples were investigated for a period of four days (96 h). Eleven tentative...
Efficient callus-mediated system for commercial production of sugarcane (Saccharum spp.) planting material in Ghana
May 2022
An efficient callus-mediated regeneration system was developed for high-frequency production of planting material of sugarcane genotypes LSC and B36464. Spindle leaf segments cultured on MS basal medium supplemented with 2,4-D or picloram at 1, 2, 3 or 4 mg/L resulted in callus induction. Callus induction was higher on 2,4-D amended medium compared to picloram. Nevertheless, for both auxins, callus induction improved...
Preliminary verification of the adoption status of some yam (Dioscorea rotundata and Dioscorea alata) varieties in Nigeria using microsatellites markers
May 2022
The persistent low yield and farmers’ preference of their traditional yam varieties over the improved varieties necessitated this study to verify the adoption status of the released varieties in Nigeria. A total of 48 accessions of white yam (Dioscorea rotundata) were sampled from six states of Ebonyi, Enugu, Benue, Kogi, Nassarawa and Oyo within Nigeria yam-belt and were genotyped for relatedness to four released...
New technique for improving fish packaging hygiene and prolonged shelf life
May 2022
Zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO NPs) have received great attention due to their optical, physical, and antimicrobial properties. They have toxic effect against microbes without any effect on mammalians cells. They are used in several applications including extending the shelf life of food. The study aims to determine the minimum inhibitory concentrations of ZnO NPs against different aquaculture fish fungus species and...
Efficacy of Sudanese isolates of entomopathogenic fungi against the Khapra beetle Trogoderma granarium (Everts) (Coleoptera: Dermestidae)
April 2022
The current study evaluated the bio-control activity of Sudanese isolates of entomopathogenic-fungi against 3rd larval instars of Khapra beetle (Trogoderma granarium) (Everts) in Sudan and morphologically and molecularly characterized the virulent isolates. Fungi were isolated using Galleria-baiting method and tested against the larvae using immersion-technique at concentration of 1×107 conidia ml-1. Commercial...
Physiological performance of heat stressed growing rabbits fed diets supplemented with vitamin anti-oxidants and bicarbonate buffers
April 2022
The aim of the study was to evaluate the physiological performance of heat stressed growing rabbits fed diets supplemented with vitamin anti-oxidants and bicarbonate buffers. A total of thirty (30) growing rabbits (New Zealand White crosses) of two months old were used in this study. There were six (6) rabbits per treatment in a Completely Randomized Design (CRD). The treatment groups consisted of: control, sodium...
Molecular characterization of Escherichia co-resistance genes from chicken meat
April 2022
Escherichia coli multi-resistance to a variety of antimicrobials is a result of gene mutation on plasmids, integrons and transposons. The aims of this work were to: (1) detect genotype and phenotype antibiotic resistance genes in E. coli, and (2) determine whole-genome sequencing to discover E. coli gene multi-drug resistance in chicken meat. Samples were gathered, processed, and analysed bacteriologically; thereafter...
Metabolic engineering of Neurospora crassa for increasing carotenoids synthesis
April 2022
Carotenoids are essential nutrient compounds with numerous biological functions. Neurospora crassa is a model filamentous fungus with orange pigmentation which is attributed to the accumulation of carotenoids containing neurosporaxanthin (NX) and neutral carotenoids (NC). To enhance carotenoids synthesis in N. crassa, isoprene diphosphate (IPP) and dimethylallyl diphosphate (DMAPP) were increased using the genes,...
Optimization of PCR protocol for ISSR marker based genetic diversity assessment of acid lime [Citrus aurantifolia (Christm.) Swingle] germplasm in Eastern Nepal
April 2022
Acid lime [Citrus aurantifolia (Christm.) Swingle] is a valuable commercial fruit crop grown in Nepal's Terai to high hills which has high economic, cultural and medicinal importance. Due to low quality planting materials and poor orchard management, production and productivity of acid lime are extremely low in Nepal. The present study aimed at optimization of Inter-Simple Sequence Repeat (ISSR)-polymerase chain...
Assessment of proximal, mineral composition and content of vitamin A and C of leaves and flowers from Lippia multiflora vegetable in Benin
March 2022
Lippia multiflora is a plant whose leaves and flowers are used as a food in Benin, so it is important to determine the nutritional properties of leaves and flowers of L. multiflora. Biochemical analyses for the determination of macronutrients, mineral salts and vitamins A and C on leaves and flowers of this leaf vegetable were done. The result indicates that the contents in leaves and flowers are, respectively:...
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