Stock of Prunus africana stems on the mount Cameroon forest
November 2011
Prunus africana is a species of the Rosaceae family, known under its trade/pilot name as pygeum or African cherry. The bark is the major source of an extract used to treat benign prostatic hyperplasia, an increasingly common health problem in older men in the western world. A study for estimating the stock of the stems of P. africana was carried out in December 2010 – February...
Economic assessment of some pre-emergence herbicides in the production of millet-cowpea intercrop in the Sudan Savanna Zone of Nigeria
October 2011
Field trials were conducted in 1997 and 1998 cropping seasons at the University of Maiduguri Teaching and Research Farm located in Maduguri (11° 50’N; 13° 10’E). The aim was to carry out an economic analysis of the use of some pre-emergence herbicides for the production of millet-cowpea intercrop. The experiment consisted of 14 treatments which included four different herbicides at three rates each,...
Establishing the basis for drought tolerance in maize (zea mays L.) using some secondary traits in the field
October 2011
A field experiment was carried out from October 2009 to February 2010, to determine the drought tolerance levels of ten maize (Zea mays L.) genotypes and to establish a basis for the development of drought tolerant hybrids. The soil used belongs to theAsuansi series (Ferric Acrisol). Six inbred lines and four varieties with different genetic backgrounds were used. A total of 80 plots were prepared in the...
Drought response of some tropical rice genotypes: Rooting, vegetative traits and grain production
October 2011
Sixteen upland rice varieties, comprising of some interspecific New rice for Africa (NERICA) hybrids, established varieties and some breeding lines, were raised in the greenhouse and used to expound drought response under varying moisture conditions, as a guide for breeding genotypes with appreciable drought tolerance and grain yield. Varieties were subjected to different levels of drought stress through different...
Effect of plant spacing on seed yield and yield components in kenaf (Hibiscus cannabinus) variety, Ifeken 400
October 2011
Plant spacing required for optimum crop productivity depends on morpho-physiological traits between varieties, and the interaction between genotype and the environment. Studies were conducted in Ibadan (7°38’N 3°84’E) Nigeria, at the Institute of Agricultural Research and Training (IAR and T) during 2006 and 2007 to determine the influence of row spacing on seed yield in kenaf ...
Effects of organic and inorganic fertilizers on early growth characteristics of Khaya ivorensis Chev (African mahogany) in nursery
October 2011
The effects of two inorganic fertilizers (urea and super phosphate simple) and organic manure (fowl droppings) on the early growth of seedlings of Khaya ivorensis in nursery were investigated using ten nutrient treatments, nine of which were nutrient combinations and one, a negative control. Urea was added at 0.75 and 112.50 mg while super phosphate simple (SPS) was added at 0.30 and 60 mg. Changes in plant...
Quantities and values of selected forest medicines harvested by eight villages adjacent to natural woodlands in the four ecological zones of rural Swaziland
October 2011
Harvesting patterns of non-timber forest products (NTFPs) normally vary within and between communities and villages adjacent to natural woodlands. The objective of this study was to undertake user surveys to determine the actual quantities of harvested and utilized medicinal NTFPs, and to do an economic valuation of their direct use values. Methods used included literature research, community consultations, household...
Morpho-anatomical variation in some accessions of Moringa oleifera Lam. from Northern Nigeria
October 2011
Variations in the leaf morphological and anatomical features of Moringa oleifera Lam. accessions from Northern Nigeria have been reported. The wide range of uses of this naturalised crop in Nigeria has in recent time witnessed increasing demand of its foliar product in nutritional, medical and ecological applications. The upsurge demand for this product needs to be balanced with new lines...
Evaluation of cumin (Cuminum cyminum L.) landraces under drought stress based on some agronomic traits
October 2011
Cumin (Cuminum cyminum L.) is a herbaceous and medicinal crop which is one of the most important export crops for countries such as Iran. This study was conducted to study the effects of drought stress on agronomic traits in cumin landraces of Iran. This experiment was conducted in simple lattice design, with two replications in drought stress and non-stress conditions. Nine land races (49 sub landraces) from...
Anti–diabetic studies of aqueous extract of Triplochiton scleroxylon on platelets and associated parameters in alloxan-induced diabetic rabbits
October 2011
The effects of aqueous extract of Triplochiton scleroxylon (TS) on platelet and associated parameters, namely, platelet counts, volume and distribution width in alloxan-induced diabetic rabbits (New Zealand strain) were carried out. Plasma glucose concentration was also monitored as the test rabbits were treated with at least 100 ml of the aqueous extract daily through clean drinking troughs for a period of 28...
Salinity tolerance of rice lines related to endogenous abscisic acid (ABA) level synthesis under stress
October 2011
As the plant hormone abscisic acid (ABA) is involved in responses to salinity stress. We tested its putative relationship with the degree of tolerance to this abiotic stress. For this purpose we have examined the responses of sensitive (IR29) and tolerant (IR651) varieties of indica rice (Oryza sativa L.) to a range of salinity (0 (control) and 100 mM NaCl). Shoot and root dry weight was reduced and leaf Na...
Effect of drought stress and N fertilizer on yield, yield components and grain storage proteins in chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) cultivars
October 2011
Among the unfavorable environmental conditions, water deficit is the most significant factor that adversely affects plant growth, development and productivity. To determine the effects of drought stress and N fertilizer on yield, yield components and grain protein profiling pattern of chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) a field experiment was conducted on a clay soil, in Razi University of Kermanshah, Iran. The...
Effects of fungicides on pollen germination peach and nectarine in vitro
October 2011
Alive pollen with good viability and germination ability for fruit setting in peach and nectarine is necessary. For pollen viability test and aware of pollen quality in these fruits, experiment was done in vitro conditions based on effects of eight fungicides including Sumi-eight, Cupravit, Karatane, Topsin-M, Vitavax thiram, Beam, Benlate and Tecto at commercially recommended concentrations and at double...
Economic aspects of intercropping systems of vegetables (okra, tomato and cowpea)
October 2011
Various field experiments were conducted in the cropping seasons of 2007 and 2008 to evaluate the agro-economic returns obtainable from the intercrop involving tomato, okra and cowpea at varying levels of cropping densities. The experimental design used for each of the field analyses was randomized complete block design with each of the treatments replicated three times. Average of yields over the consecutive two-year...
Relationship between morphological characters, dry matter yield and fruit yield of cucumber
October 2011
Field experiment was conducted during the wet season of 2008 at the Teaching and Research Farm of Ambrose Alli University, Ekpoma (Lat. 6° 45' North and Long. 6° 08' East and an altitude of 460 metres above sea level), to evaluate the relationship between farmyard manure, inorganic fertilizer and dry matter weights on the yield of cucumber. The experiment consisted of one variety of cucumber (Ashley),...
Response of germination, growth and yield of okra (Abelmoschus esculentus) to seed priming duration and p-sources in Northwest Pakistan
October 2011
An experiment was conducted at Horticulture Research Farm, KPK Agricultural University Peshawar during summer 2008 to evaluate the response of okra to phosphorus sources and soaking durations. The experiment was laid down in randomized block design with three replications. Four priming sources that is, distilled water, Diammonium phosphate (DAP), single super phosphate (SSP), SSP + Na2CO3and 4 h durations up to 48 h...
Micrografting and micropropagation of olive (Olea europea L. ) Iranian cultivar: Zard
October 2011
A protocol for micropropagation and micrografting of shoots of olive (cv. Zard) was developed in Iran, because this variety of olive (cv. Zard) had difficult in proliferation. Three-week-old seedlings were used as rootstock. Lateral meristems (1 to 1.5 cm long), taken from olive (cv. Zard) mother plants, were cut and grafted onto healthy olive seedlings, micrografts cultured on OM medium culture...
Evaluation of tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum L.) variety tolerance to foliar diseases at Kenya Agricultural Research Institute Centre-Kitale in North west Kenya
October 2011
Most vegetable cultivar evaluation trials focus on yield and quality attributes. However, disease tolerance is not routinely evaluated along with other parameters. The objective of this study was to evaluate new tomato cultivar for yield, quality and tolerance to foliar diseases. The most ubiquitous and devastating pathogen that infects tomatoes in the North rift Kenya is Phytophthora infestans that causes...
Distribution, Biology and Ecology of Parthenium hysterophorus L. (Congress Grass) an invasive species in the North-Western Indian Himalaya (Himachal Pradesh)
October 2011
Parthenium hysterophorus L. is a native plant of sub-tropical America and it is rapidly invading in the North-Western Indian Himalaya (Himachal Pradesh), from last two decades onwards. Here, it invaded up-to 2000 m altitude from mean sea level and drastically effecting native plant resources in the invaded habitats. The density and dominance of the P. hsterophorus has been higher in the summer and...
A review of shelf-life extension studies of Nigerian indigenous fresh fruits and vegetables in the Nigerian Stored Products Research Institute
September 2011
The Nigerian Stored Products Research Institute has been conducting research in technology development suitable for post-harvest handling of Nigerian indigenous fruits and vegetables for extension of the shelf-life of these commodities, retention of nutrients and aesthetics of fresh produce in storage, enhancement of the nutritional status and earning capacity of both the rural and urban poor through proper handling,...
Kolanut production, processing and marketing in the South-eastern states of Nigeria
September 2011
Kolanut is an important economic crop in the South Eastern region of Nigeria. However, there were no contiguous kola plantations in the South East, rather each homestead has about 2 to 15 kola trees scattered around the backyard. The land tenure system was observed to be the major constraint to kola production in large scale in the South East. Other limiting factors were poor nutrient status of the South Eastern soils,...
Importance of knowledge of chemical composition of stem bark of Triplochiton scleroxylon K. Schum. in traditional treatment of diabetes mellitus in Nigeria
September 2011
Triplochiton scleroxylon is a tropical forest-tree species that is valued for its timber and also stem barks, whose aqueous extract is commonly used as an anti-diabetic preparation. Stem bark extracts (aqueous and 50% ethanol) and powder of T. scleroxylon were investigated for elemental and proximate compositions. Atomic absorption spectroscopy (Buck Scientific VGP 210) was used for elemental analysis....
Micro-mineral contents in eight forage shrubs at three phenological stages in a Pakistan’s rangeland
September 2011
Livestock rearing is a common practice in Gadoon Hills by the locals to earn their livelihood. Low productivity due to poor health of livestock is major consideration in the study area. In order to know whether this low productivity and poor health might be due to poor quality of forage, eight shrubs, namely, Berberis lycium, Debregeasia salicifolia, Dodonea viscosa, Gymnosporia royleana, Indigofera heterantha,...
Assessment of soil quality under various land use practices in a humid agro-ecological zone of Nigeria
September 2011
In this study, soil samples were collected from 0 to 15 cm and 15 to 45 cm of secondary forest, mixed plantation, natural fallow and sole plantation. Soil samples were chemically analyzed using standard methods for organic matter, nitrate-nitrogen, pH, bulk density and available phosphorus. The results were statistically analyzed and index of deterioration was also calculated for the soil properties. Mixed plantation...
Evaluation of cowpea cultivars under maize and maize-cassava based intercropping systems
September 2011
A field experiment in a randomized complete block design with three replications was conducted at the research farm of the Institute of Agricultural Research and Training, Moor Plantation Ibadan, Southwest Nigeria in 2003 and 2004 cropping seasons. The aim of the experiment was to evaluate five cowpea cultivars; IT89KD-288, IT96D-610, IT99K 1060, IT95K-1072-57 and Ife Brown under sole, maize-based and maize-cassava...
Effects of foliar application of salicylic acid on vegetative growth of maize under saline conditions
September 2011
The study was carried out to evaluate the effects of foliar application of salicylic acid (SA) on vegetative growth of maize under saline conditions at Rafsanjan, Iran in 2009. A factorial experiment based on a completely randomized design with three replicates was used. Treatments consisted four salinity levels (0, 4, 8 and 12 dS/m) and three salicylic acid concentrations (0, 100 and 200 ppm)....
Split crown technique for mass propagation of smooth Cayenne pineapple in South-South Nigeria
September 2011
A study was conducted to investigate the effect of apical meristem destruction on axillary bud growth of smooth cayenne pineapple in South-South Nigeria. Split crown technique (SCT) was used for the study in a randomized complete block design with four replicates and four treatments. The number of days to sucker emergence from the axillary buds were significantly different among the treatments ranging from 36.6 days to...
Effects of gibberellic acid on sugarcane plants exposed to salinity under a hydroponic system
September 2011
A hydroponical experiment was conducted to evaluate the possible interaction of salinity (EC 0 and 9 dSm-1) and occurrence of exogenous gibberellic acid (GA3) (100 ppm) on imbalance and partitioning of nutrients in a popular sugarcane genotype (var. CP48-103) and its somaclonal tolerant variant. The results revealed that the uptake and partitioning of N, K+, Na+ and Cl- content were affected as a result of...
Survey of plant parasitic nematodes associated with rice (Oryza sativa L.) in South Eastern Nigeria
September 2011
The presence and population of plant parasitic nematodes associated with rice cultivation was determined at the rice cultivation zone of Ini Local Government Area of Akwa Ibom State, through a survey. Samples of plant roots and soil were randomly collected for the presence of nematodes while extraction was conducted using Pie Pan Modification of the Baerman funnel method. The results showed the presence of three genera...
Effect of seed soaking treatment with growth regulators on phytohormone level and sex modification in cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.)
September 2011
Field experiments were undertaken at national agricultural research centre Islamabad, Pakistan during 2004 and 2005 to study the seed soaking effects of 2-chloroethylphosphonic acid (ethrel), gibberellic acid and maleic hydrazide (MH) on sex modification in cucumber and to find out the critical phytohormones level of endogenous hormones for lowest sex ratio. Seeds were soaked in different concentrations of growth...
Investigation of genetic relationship among yellow mosaic virus resistant cowpea lines by using microsatellite markers
September 2011
Microsatellite markers were used to investigate the genetic basis of cowpea yellow mosaic virus (CYMV) resistance in 40 cowpea lines. A total of 60 simple sequence repeat (SSR) primers were used to screen polymorphism between stable resistance (GC-3) and susceptible (Chrodi) genotypes of cowpea. Among these, only 4 primers were polymorphic and these 4 SSR primer pairs were used to detect CYMV resistant genes among 40...
Cytogenetic and biochemical investigations to study the response of Vigna radiata to cadmium stress
September 2011
A study was carried out on root tips and leaves of Vigna radiata, 15 days old plantlets grown in nutrient Hoagland media were exposed to various levels of cadmium chloride (0.05, 0.10 and 0.50 mM) for 48 and 72 h. The plant tissues were analyzed for mitotic index, chromosomal variations, root-shoot ratio, leaf area, chlorophyll estimation, and the activity of nitrate content, nitrate reductase (NR), soluble protein...
Study of pollen germination in pome fruit tree of Rosaceae family in vitro
September 2011
Pollination and fertilization are the basic factors affecting fruit setting volume and pollination is an essential component in fruit tree cultivation. The most important goal for fruit growers is obtaining high quantities and qualities yield in fruit industry which depends on sufficient fruit setting. Commercial fruit trees in Iran belong to stone and pome fruits of Rosaceae family with gametophytic...
The phytochemical and antioxidant screening of Justicia wynaadensis
September 2011
The plant Justicia wynaadensis is consumed by the local community of Kodagu district, Karnataka, India for its medicinal properties. In our present study, we have identified and estimated polyphenols and flavonoids in the plant extract. The medicinal properties ofJ. wynaadensis extract may be due to the presence of the above mentioned phytochemicals. The observed high antioxidant...
Molecular, C-value and morphological analyses of somaclonal variation in three olive cultivars
September 2011
The occurrence of somaclonal variation was studied in three olive cultivars (Oleaeuropaea L.) by using Random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD), C-value and morphological analyses. The tissue culture of the cultivars was performed using internode cuttings. The experiment was carried out up to the fifth and seventh subculture in different cultivars. Significant difference was observed in morphological characters...
Employment of a new strategy for identification of Prunus mume cultivars using random amplified polymorphic deoxyribonucleic acid (RAPD) markers
September 2011
In this study, we applied a new approach of using random amplified polymorphicdeoxyribonucleic acid (RAPD) fingerprints to distinguish 64 fruiting mei cultivars based on optimization of RAPD through choosing 11 nt primers and strict screening polymerase chain reaction (PCR) annealing temperature. Results show that this new approach could clearly utilize and record the fingerprints generated from various...
Antibacterial activity of some selected dye yielding plants in Eastern India
September 2011
Acacia catechu (L.) Willd. (Mimosaceae), Pterocarpus marsupium Roxb.(Papilionaceae), Toddalia asiatica (L.) Lamk. (Rutaceae) and Ventilago denticulataWilld. (Rhamnaceae), growing in West Midnapore district of West Bengal, an eastern state of India, yields dyes which showed strong antimicrobial activity against four bacterial strains (Bacillus cereus, Escherichia...
Preliminary studies on the morphology and anatomy of the root of Daniellia oliveri (Rolfe) Hutch. and Dalz. (Caesalpiniaceae)
September 2011
A study was conducted on the morphology and anatomy of the root and powdered root bark of Daniellia oliveri. The root of D. oliveri is being used for the treatment of many ailment locally in some West African Countries especially Nigeria. Morphologically, the powdered root is brown in colour, astringent taste, short and fibrous fracture. The anatomical studies on the root and...
Effect of reproductive phase on some micronutrients, anti-nutrients and toxic substances in Vernonia amygdalina grown in Minna, Niger State, Nigeria
September 2011
The chemical contents and compositions of vegetables are generally influenced during their developmental stages. It is for this reason that the research was conducted in pot experiment to investigate the effect of reproductive phase (fruiting) on anti-nutrients (soluble and total oxalates), toxic substances (cyanide and nitrate) and some micronutrients namely, vitamin C, β-carotene (provitamin A) and mineral...
Effect of heavy metal pollutants on sunflower
September 2011
The aim of this present study was to assess the tolerance of pollutant elements (Co, Ni, Cd, Cr and Pb) on visible foliar symptoms, tissue concentration and some biochemical parameters in sunflower plants grown at 0.25 mM in soil pot culture. At equimolar concentrations (0.25 mM), Cd induced the most severe visual toxicity effects and exhibited maximum oxidative damage as observed by accumulation of ThioBarbituric...
Influence of rooting media and indole-3-butyric acid (IBA) concentration on rooting and shoot formation of Warburgia ugandensis stem cuttings
August 2011
This study investigated the influence of different rooting media and indolebutryic acid (IBA) hormone concentration on root and shoot development in stem cuttings ofWarburgia ugandensis. Stem cuttings were treated with three different levels (0.3, 0.6 and 0.8% w/w) of IBA concentration (including a control- no IBA hormone) and propagated in three rooting media (milled pine bark, top forest soil and sand) under...
Using sulfur oxidizing bacteria and P solubilizing for enhancing phosphorous availability to Raphanus sativus
August 2011
The present research was conducted in the Research Field of Agricultural Research Center of Chahnimeh, Zabol, Iran. Data related to the combined effects of rock phosphate, P solubilizing bacteria, sulfur and sulfur oxidizing bacteria on Raphanus sativus growth is scanty. The experimental design was a completely randomized design with eight treatments in three replicates. Treatments including: (1) control, (2)...
Comparison of antioxidant enzyme activities in leaves stems and roots of Sorghum (Sorghum bicolor L.) exposed to Chromium (VI)
August 2011
This study was conducted to determine the response between different organs to assess which one was more severely affected. Thus, we exposed sorghum (Sorghum bicolor L.) to five level 0, 30, 60, 100 and 130 mg/L concentration of chromium (Cr) VI during two weeks and measuring the activity of glutathione-s-transferase (GST), glutathione reductase (GR), glutathione peroxidase (GPX), catalase...
Effect of sheep grazing on forage yield, yield components and grain yield of local black barley, under rainfall conditions in Iraqi Kurdistan
August 2011
In Iraqi Kurdistan, farmers usually graze young barley if it sown early in fall and then let the crops recover for grain production. Barley field that was established from the seeds of harvest lost from the previous season (2008 to 2009), due to poor adjustment of the combine harvester. The plant population density was 190/m² at 13-2-2010; this was close to the normal rate 200 /m². The...
Effect of calcium, magnesium, sodium and potassium on farm plantations of various agroeclogical zones of Punjab, Pakistan
August 2011
The immense impact of trees in the development of a country cannot be denied and over-emphasized. Pakistan has a narrow forest resource base extending over only about 4.8% (4.59% excluding farmland plantations) of its area, which is insufficient to provide the material needs for the growing population, expanding and to retard and arrest the ongoing environmental and ecological degradation process. Based on...
Seedbed preparation influence on morphometric characteristics of perennial grasses of a semi-arid rangeland in Kenya
August 2011
Semi-arid rangelands in Kenya are an important source of forage for both domestic and wild animals. However, indigenous perennial grasses notably Cenchrus ciliaris (African foxtail grass), Eragrostis superba (Maasai love grass) and Enteropogon macrostachyus(Bush rye grass) are disappearing at an alarming rate. Efforts to re-introduce them through restoration programs have often yielded little...
Evaluation of anthelmintic activity of the stem bark extract and chemical constituents of Bridelia ferruginae (Benth) Euphorbiaceae
August 2011
Anthelmintic properties of the stem bark extract and compounds isolated from Bridelia ferruginae were investigated. In relation to the traditional use of B. ferruginae against gastro-intestinal infections, bioactivity-guided fractionations of the CHCl3- and CH2Cl2-soluble fractions of the 80% MeOH extract from the stem barks of B. ferruginae yielded two known triterpenoids:...
Soil physicochemical properties under Acacia senegal varieties in the dryland areas of Kenya
August 2011
Acacia senegal is a multipurpose drought-tolerant tree or shrub legume and is commonly used in agroforestry systems in sub-Saharan Africa for gum arabic production and soil fertility improvement. Despite its wide distribution in Kenya, there has not been exhaustive evaluation on the effects of the extant varieties (kerensis, leiorhachis and senegal) on soil properties under their...
Biological remediation of polychlorinated biphenyls (PCB) in the soil and sediments by microorganisms and plants
July 2011
It is a known fact that the environment is suffering from severe contamination as a result of various uncontrolled activities of man and chemicals in the biosphere. This acute and diffuse contamination of air, soil and water by metals, chemicals and metalloids causes wide environmental concerns, which if left unchecked will be detrimental to man and organisms. Biological methods for cleaning of the environment...
An overview of Citrus aurantium used in treatment of various diseases
July 2011
Citrus aurantium (bitter orange) is a plant belonging to the family Rutaceae, The most important biologically active constituents of the C. aurantium fruits are phenethylamine alkaloids octopamine, synephrine, tyramine, N-methyltyramine and hordenine. It is rich in vitamin C, flavonoids and volatile oil. Synephrine is a primary synthesis compound with pharmacological activities such as...
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