African Journal of
Agricultural Research

  • Abbreviation: Afr. J. Agric. Res.
  • Language: English
  • ISSN: 1991-637X
  • DOI: 10.5897/AJAR
  • Start Year: 2006
  • Published Articles: 6883

Full Length Research Paper

Smallholder palm oil production sector in African countries: State of the art, practices, constraints, and opportunities in Littoral and Centre regions of Cameroon

Lawrence Monah Ndam
  • Lawrence Monah Ndam
  • Department of Agronomic and Applied Molecular Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, University of Buea, P. O. Box 63 Buea, South West Region, Cameroon.
  • Google Scholar
Godswill Azinwie Asongwe
  • Godswill Azinwie Asongwe
  • Department of Environmental Science, Faculty of Science, University of Buea, P. O. Box 63 Buea, South West Region, Cameroon.
  • Google Scholar
Raymond Ndip Nkongho
  • Raymond Ndip Nkongho
  • Department of Agronomic and Applied Molecular Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, University of Buea, P. O. Box 63 Buea, South West Region, Cameroon.
  • Google Scholar
Kenneth Mbene
  • Kenneth Mbene
  • Department of Chemistry, Higher Teacher Training College of the University of Yaounde 1, P. O. Box 47, Yaounde, Cameroon.
  • Google Scholar
Valentine Asong Tellen
  • Valentine Asong Tellen
  • Department of Agronomic and Applied Molecular Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, University of Buea, P. O. Box 63 Buea, South West Region, Cameroon.
  • Google Scholar
Emmanuel Jiti Ndi
  • Emmanuel Jiti Ndi
  • Department of Agronomic and Applied Molecular Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, University of Buea, P. O. Box 63 Buea, South West Region, Cameroon.
  • Google Scholar
Jun-Jun Ma
  • Jun-Jun Ma
  • Department of Environmental Science and Technology, Saitama University, Saitama 338-8570, Japan.
  • Google Scholar
Aaron Suh Tening
  • Aaron Suh Tening
  • Department of Agronomic and Applied Molecular Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, University of Buea, P. O. Box 63 Buea, South West Region, Cameroon.
  • Google Scholar
Takeshi Fujino
  • Takeshi Fujino
  • Department of Environmental Science and Technology, Saitama University, Saitama 338-8570, Japan.
  • Google Scholar


  •  Received: 17 September 2023
  •  Accepted: 22 February 2024
  •  Published: 31 March 2024

References

Ahmad AL, Chong MF, Bhatia S, Ismail S (2006). Drinking water reclamation from palm oil mill effluent (POME) using membrane technology. Desalination 13:35-44.
Crossref

 

Amosa MK, Jami MS, Muyibi SA, Alkhatib MFR, Jimat DN (2013). Zero liquid discharge and water conservation through water reclamation and reuse of biotreated palm oil mill effluent: A review. International Journal of Academic Research 5(4):169-182.
Crossref

 

Amugoli MO, Bwayo Masika F, Asiimwe A, Ddamulira G (2023). Challenges and Opportunities of Oil Palm Production in Uganda. IntechOpen, 
Crossref

 

Anwar R, Sitorius SRP, Fauzi AM, Widiatmaka M (2014). Technical culture and productivity of oil palm in several plantations in East Kalimantan. International Journal of Latest Research in Science and Technology 3(2):19-24.

 

Awere E, Bonoli A, Obeng PA, Pennellini S, Bottausci S, Amanor WK, Akuaku EK (2022). Small-Scale Palm Oil Production in Ghana: Practices, Environmental Problems and Potential Mitigating Measures. In: VY Waisundara (ed.), Palm Oil-Current Status and Updates pp. 91-100, IntechOpen, 
Crossref

 

Ayompe LM, Egoh BN, Nkongho RN, Wandum LM, Orang BO, Fiaboe KKM, Tambasi EE, Kettunen M (2023). Complexities of sustainable palm oil production by smallholders in sub-Saharan Africa. Sustainable Development pp. 1-13. 
Crossref

 

Ayompe LM, Nkongho RN, Masso C, Egoh BN (2021). Does investment in palm oil trade alleviate smallholders from poverty in Africa? Investigating profitability from a biodiversity hotspot, Cameroon. PLoS ONE 16(9):e0256498. 
Crossref

 

Carlson KM, Curran LM (2013). Refined carbon accounting for oil palm agriculture: disentangling potential contributions of indirect emissions and smallholder farmers. Carbon Management 4(4):347-349.
Crossref

 

Chigbu UE (2019). Anatomy of women's landlessness in the partilinear customary land tenure systems of sub-Saharan Africa and policy patway. Land Use Policy (86):126-135.
Crossref

 

Chiriacò MV, Bellotta M, Jusi? J, Perugini L (2022). Palm oil's contribution to the United Nations sustainable development goals: outcomes of a review of socio-economic aspects. Environmental Research Letters 17(6):1-22. 
Crossref

 

de Vos R, Delabre I (2018). Spaces for participation and resistance: gendered experiences of oil palm plantation development. Geoforum 96:217-226.
Crossref

 

Ekine DI, Onu ME (2008). Economics of small-scale palm oil processing in Ikwerre and Etche Local Government Areas of Rivers State, Nigeria. Journal of Agriculture and Social Research 8(2):1-9. 
Crossref

 

FAO (2020). World Food and Agricuture Statistical Yearbook [Online]:

View

 

Fonge BA, Tening AS, Egbe EA, Awo EM, Focho DA, Oben PM, Asongwe GA, Zoneziwoh RM (2011). Fish (Aruis heudelotii Valenciennes, 1840) as bio-indicator of heavy metals in Douala estuary of Cameroon. African Journal of Biotechnology 10(73):16581-16588.
Crossref

 

Fonjong LN, Gyapong AY (2021). Plantations, women, and food security in Africa: Interrogating the investment pathway towards zero hunger in Cameroon and Ghana. World Development 138:105393-105407.
Crossref

 

Fosso P, Nanosso T (2016). Adoption of agricultural innovations in risky environment: the case of corn producers in the west of Cameroon. Review of Agricultural, Food and Environmental Studies 97:51-62. 
Crossref

 

Greenway GM, Song QJ (2002). Heavy metal speciation in the composting process. Journal of Environmental Monitoring 4:300-305.
Crossref

 

Hariono M, Julianus J, Djunarko I, Hidayat I, Adelya L, Indayani F, Auw Z, Namba G, Hariyono P (2021). The Future of Carica papaya Leaf Extract as an Herbal Medicine Product. Molecules 26(22):6922-6939.
Crossref

 

Harvey CA, Lalaina RZ, Nalini SR, Radhika D, Hery R, Hasinandrianina RR Rajaofara Haingo R, MacKinnon JL (2014). Extreme vulnerability of smallholder farmers to agricultural risks and climate change in Madagascar. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society, pp 130089-130106.
Crossref

 

Henry LJ, Esfehani AJ, Ramil A, Ishak I, Justine M, Mohan V (2013). Patterns of work-related musculoskeletal disorders among workers in palm plantation occupation. Asia Pacific Journal of Public Health 27(2):NP1785-NP1792.
Crossref

 

Lawrence D, Coe M, Walker W, Verchot L, Vandecar K (2022). The Unseen Effects of Deforestation: Biophysical Effects on Climate. Frontiers in Forestry and Global Change 5:756115-756115.
Crossref

 

Lokman NA, Ithnin AM, Yahya WJ, Yuzir MA (2021). A Brief Review on Biochemical Oxygen Demand (BOD) Treatment Methods for Palm Oil Mill Effluents (POME). Environmental Technology and Innovation 21:101258-101269. 
Crossref

 

Low SS, Bong KX, Mubashir M, Cheng CK, Lam MK, Lim JW, Ho YC, Lee KT, Munawaroh HSH, Show PL (2021). Microalgae Cultivation in Palm Oil Mill Effluent (POME) Treatment and Biofuel Production. Sustainability 13(6):3247-3261. 
Crossref

 

Mardiharini M, Azahari DH, Chaidirsyah RM, Obaideen K (2021). Palm oil industry towards Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) achievements. IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 892 012068. 
Crossref

 

Mbosso C, Degrande A, Villamor GB (2015). Factors affecting the adoption of agricultural innovation: the case of a Ricinodendron heudelotii kernel extraction machine in southern Cameroon. Agroforestry Systems 89:799-811.
Crossref

 

Mehraban N, Debela BL, Kalsum U, Qaim M (2022). What about her? Oil palm cultivation and intra-household gender roles. Food Policy 110:102276.
Crossref

 

Murphy DJ, Goggin K, Paterson RRM (2021). Oil palm in the 2020s and beyond: challenges and solutions. CABI Agriculture and Bioscience 39(2):321-344. 
Crossref

 

Myzabella N, Fritschi L, Merdith N, El-Zaemey S, Chih H, Reid A (2019). Occupational Health and Safety in the Palm Oil Industry: A Systematic Review. International Journal of Occupational and Environmental Medicine 10(4):159-173.
Crossref

 

Nchanji YK, Nkongho RN, Mala WA (2016). Efficacy of oil palm intercropping by smallholders. Case study in South-West Cameroon. Agroforestry Systems 90:509-519.
Crossref

 

Ndeh YN, Asongwe GA, Mbene K, Ngosong C, Fomenky NN, Bame IB, Tening AS (2022). Pursuing development on the Eastern Flank of Mount Cameroon: Implications on its heavy metal status, environmental quality and human security. African Journal of Agricultural Research 18(9):730-741.
Crossref

 

Ngone MA, Ajoacha DM, Achiri DT, Tchakount GVT, Ruppel S, Tening AS, Ngosong C (2023). Potential of bio-organic amendment of palm oil mill effluent manure and plant growth-promoting bacteria to enhance the yield and quality of maize grains in Cameroon. Soil Security 11:100090-100102.
Crossref

 

Ogunbode TO, Aliku O, Ogungbile PO, Olatubi IV, Adeniyi VA, Akintunde EA (2022). Environmental impact of oil palm processing on some properties of the on-site soil in a growing city in Nigeria. Frontiers Media (10):1-6.
Crossref

 

Ohimain E, Izah S, Dorcas A, Cletus I (2014). Small-Scale Palm Oil Processing Business in Nigeria: A Feasibility Study. Greener Journal of Business and Management Studies 4(3):70-82.
Crossref

 

Osman AI, Fawzy S, Lichtfouse E, Rooney DW (2023). Planting trees to combat global warming. Environmental Chemistry Letters. 
Crossref

 

Qaim M, Sibhatu KT, Siregar H, Grass I (2020). Environmental, Economic, and Social Consequences of the Oil Palm Boom. Annual Review of Resource Economics 12(1):321-344.
Crossref

 

Rao CSM, Rao NB, Swami DV, Ashok P, Roja RG, Rao BB (2023). Management and Processing of Palm Oil (Elaeis guineensis Jacq): The Crop for Future. Palm Oil - Current Status and Updates. IntechOpen, 
Crossref

 

Rival A, Levang P (2014). Palms of controversies: Oil palm and development challenges. Bogor, Indonesia: CIFOR.

 

Tening AS, Chuyong GB, Asongwe GA, Fonge BA, Lifongo LL, Tandia BK (2013). Nitrate and Ammonium levels of some water bodies and their interaction with some selected properties of soils in Douala metropolis, Cameroon. African Journal of Environmental Science and Technology 7(7):648-656.

 

Tening AS, Chuyong GB, Asongwe GA, Fonge BA, Mvondo-Ze AD (2014). Heavy metal status in the Rio del Rey mangroves of Cameroon. International Journal of Current Microbiology and Applied Sciences 3(12):701-717.

 

Ugbogu EA, Okezie E, Dike, ED, Grace O, GO, Ugbogu OC, Ibe C, Iweala, EJ (2021). The Phytochemistry, Ethnobotanical, and Pharmacological Potentials of the Medicinal Plant Vernonia amygdalina L. (bitter Leaf). Clinical Complementary Medicine and Pharmacology 1(1):156-179. 
Crossref

 

Wicke B, Sikkema R, Dornburg V, Faaij A (2011). Exploring land use changes and the role of palm oil production in Indonesia and Malaysia. Land Use Policy 28(1):193-206.
Crossref