Full Length Research Paper
ABSTRACT
Groundnut (Arachis hypogaea L.) is the most important grain legume in Ghana. However, its production is constrained by a myriad of biotic and abiotic stresses which necessitate the development and use of superior varieties for increased yield. Germplasm characterisation both at the phenotypic and molecular level is important in all plant breeding programs. The aim of this study was to characterise selected advanced breeding groundnut lines with different phenotypic attributes at the molecular level using simple sequence repeats (SSR) markers in Ghana. A total of 53 SSR markers were screened and 25 were found to be polymorphic with an average polymorphic information content (PIC) value of 0.57. Of the 48 groundnut genotypes studied, 67% showed very close relationship (~100% similarity) with one or more genotypes among themselves. In fact, there were 14 instances where two to three genotypes within the same sub-cluster exhibited 100% similarity even though they displayed different phenotypic attributes. The remaining 33% of the groundnut genotypes were distant from each other and could therefore serve as effective parental material for future work. In this study, the SSR-based markers were found to be quite discriminatory in discerning variations between and among groundnut lines even where the level of variation was low. Microsatellite-based markers therefore represent a useful tool for dissecting genetic variations in cultivated crops, especially groundnut.
Key words: Phenotypic traits, DNA extraction, PCR amplification, simple sequence repeats (SSR) markers, alleles, polymorphic information content, Jaccard’s similarity coefficient.
Abbreviation: PIC, Polymorphic information content; RFLP, restriction fragment length polymorphism; AFLP, amplified fragment length polymorphism; SCARs, sequence characterised amplified regions; RAPDs, random amplified polymorphic DNA; SSR, simple sequence repeats SNP, single nucleotide polymorphism.INTRODUCTION
MATERIALS AND METHODS
RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
CONFLICT OF INTERESTS
The authors did not declare any conflict of interest.
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
This study was supported with funds from the Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation (BMGF) under the auspices of the BMGF-Project on Capacity Building in Africa (awarded to Tshwane University of Technology, Pretoria). The authors are grateful to the Foundation for a doctoral fellowship awarded under the BMGF-Project, to CSIR-Savanna Agricultural Research Institute, Ghana, for grant of a study leave, and to ICRISAT for seed material and training support. The DST/NRF South African Research Chair in Agrochemurgy and Plant Symbioses and the Tshwane University of Technology are duely acknowledged for their continued funding support of FDD’s research.
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