Review
References
Acworth RI (1987). The development of crystalline basement aquifers in a tropical environment. Q. J. Eng. Geol. 20(4): 265–272 Crossref |
||||
Adekunle IM, Adetunji MT, Gbadebo AM, Banjoko OB (2007). Assessment of groundwater quality in a typical rural settlement in southwest Nigeria. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 4: 307-318. Crossref |
||||
Bath AH (1980). Hydrochemistry in groundwater development: report on an advisory visit to Malawi. British Geological Survey Report. WD/OS/80/20. | ||||
BGS (British Geological Survey) (2004). Groundwater quality: Malawi. Natural Environmental Research Council (NERC). Available on http://www.wateraid.org [accessed in September 2013]. | ||||
Bloomfield JP (2002). Trends in average and extreme groundwater levels in the Chalk. British Geological Survey/National Environmental Research Council. | ||||
Carter GS, Bennett JD (1973). The geology and mineral resources of Malawi. Bull. Geol. Surv. Malawi 6. | ||||
Chilton PJ, Foster SSD (1995). Hydrological characterization and water-supply potential of basement aquifers in tropical Africa. Hydrogeol. J. 3(1): 36 – 49. Crossref |
||||
Chilton PJ, Smith-Carington AK(1984). Hydrogeological characterisation and water-supply potential of basement aquifers in tropical Africa. Hydrogeol. J. 3: 36-49. Crossref |
||||
Chimphamba J, Ngongondo C, Mleta P (2009). Groundwater chemistry of basement aquifers: A case study of Malawi, In: Titus R, Beekman H, Adams S, Strachan L, (Eds.). Basement Aquifers of Southern Africa. WRC Report No. TT 428-09. ISBN 978-1-77005-898-9. | ||||
DeGabriele J (2002). Improving community based management of boreholes: A case study from Malawi. | ||||
Dzwairo B, Hoko Z, Love D, Guzha E (2006). Assessment of the impacts of pit latrines on groundwater quality in rural areas: a case study from Marondera district, Zimbabwe. Phys. Chem. Earth 31: 779–788. Crossref |
||||
Foster SSD (1986). Getting to grips with groundwater pollution protection in developing countries. Natural Resources Forum. United Nations, New York. Crossref |
||||
Fourie AB, van Ryneveld MB (1995). The fate in the subsurface of contaminants associated with on-site sanitation: a review. Water SA 21(2): 101-111. | ||||
GOM (2007). National Water Policy, 2nd Edition. Ministry of Irrigation and Water Development. Capital Printing Press. City Centre, Lilongwe, Malawi. | ||||
GOM (2011). National State of Environment Report, 2011. Environmental Affairs Department, Lilongwe | ||||
GOM (Government of Malawi) (2008). The Second National Communication of the Republic of Malawi to The United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change. Climate Change Project. | ||||
Grimason AM, Morse TD, Beattie TK, Masangwi SJ, Jabu GC, Taulo SC, Lungu KK (2013). Classification and quality of groundwater supplies in the Lower Shire Valley, Malawi – Part 1: Physico-chemical quality of borehole water supplies in Chikhwawa, Malawi. Water SA 39(4): 563 – 572. | ||||
Hall AH (2002). Chronic arsenic poisoning. Toxicol. Lett. 128: 69–72. Crossref |
||||
Jones MJ (1985). The weathering zone aquifers of the basement complex areas of Africa. Q. J. Eng. Geol. 18: 35–46. Crossref |
||||
Kanyerere T, Levy J, Xu Y, Saka J (2012). Assessment of microbial contamination of groundwater in upper Limphasa River catchment, located in a rural area of northern Malawi. Water SA 38(4): 581–596. Crossref |
||||
Kundell J (Ed.) (2008). Water profile of Malawi. Food and Agriculture Organisation. |
||||
Kushe JF (2009) Assessment of the chemical quality of groundwater for drinking in Dedza District, Malawi. MSc Thesis. University of Zimbabwe | ||||
Lyman GH, Lyman CG, Johnson W (1985). Association of leukemia with radium groundwater contamination. JAMA 254(5): 621-626. Crossref |
||||
Malawi Government - United Nations Development Programme (1986). National Water Resources Master Plan: Groundwater Resources of Malawi. Department of Water, Ministry of Works and Suppliers. United Nations. | ||||
Malawi Standards Board (MSB) (2005a). Malawi standard; borehole and shallow well water quality specification MS 733:2005. Blantyre, Malawi. | ||||
Masamba WRL, Sajidu SMI, Thole B, Mwatseteza JF (2005). Water defluoridation using Malawi's locally sourced gypsum. Phys. Chem. Earth Parts A/B/C. 30(11-16): 846 - 849 | ||||
McCarthy JJ, Canziani OF, Leary NA, Dokken DJ, White KS (Eds.) (2001). Climate change 2001: impacts, adaptation, and vulnerability. Contribution of Working Group II to the Third Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel for Climate Change (IPCC) Report. GRID ARENDAL. | ||||
McFarlane MJ, Bowden DJ (1992). Mobilization of aluminium in the weathering profiles of the African Surface in Malawi. Earth Surf. Process. Landforms 17: 789 – 805. Crossref |
||||
McFarlane MJ, Chilton PJ, Lewis MA (1992). Geomorphological controls on borehole yields: a statistical study in an area of basement rocks in central Malawi. Geological Society, London, Special Publications. 66: 131–154. Crossref |
||||
McFarlane MJ, Whitlow R (1990). Key factors affecting the initiation and progress of gullying in dambos in parts of Zimbabwe and Malawi. Land Degradation Rehabil. 2: 215 – 235. Crossref |
||||
Mkandawire PP (2004). Groundwater resources of Malawi, In: Appelgren B (Ed.). Managing Shared Aquifer Resources in Africa. IHP-VI, Series on Groundwater No. 8. UNESCO, France. | ||||
Mkandawire T (2008). Quality of groundwater from shallow wells of selected villages in Blantyre District, Malawi. Phys. Chem. Earth. 33: 807–811. Crossref |
||||
Mleta PWEC (2010). An Analysis of Groundwater in Mchinji District of Central Malawi. MSc Thesis. University of Fort Hare, Zimbabwe. |
||||
Molapo P, Puyo S (2004). Transboundary aquifer management in the context of integrated water resources management in the SADC region, In: Appelgren, B. (Ed.). Managing Shared Aquifer Resources in Africa. IHP-VI, Series on Groundwater No. 8. UNESCO, France. | ||||
Monjerezi M, Ngongondo C (2012). Quality of groundwater resources in Chikhwawa, lower Shire valley. Malawi. Water Qual. Exp. Health 4: 39–53 Crossref |
||||
Monjerezi M, Vogt RD Gebru AG, Saka JDK, Aagaard P (2012b). Minor element geochemistry of groundwater from an area with prevailing saline groundwater in Chikhwawa, lower Shire valley (Malawi). Phys. Chem. Earth 50–52: 52–63. Crossref |
||||
Monjerezi M, Vogt RD, Aagaard P, Saka JDK (2011). Hydro-geochemical processes in an area with saline groundwater in lower Shire River valley, Malawi: An integrated application of hierarchical cluster and principal component analyses. Appl. Geochem. 26: 1399–1413. Crossref |
||||
Monjerezi M, Vogt RD, Aagaard P, Saka JDK (2012a). The hydro-geochemistry of groundwater resources in an area with prevailing saline groundwater, lower Shire Valley, Malawi. J. Afr. Earth Sci. 68: 67–81. Crossref |
||||
MSB (2005b). Malawi standard; drinking water – specification. Malawi Standards Board, MS 214:2005, ICS 13.030.40 (first revision). | ||||
Msilimba G, Wanda EMM (2013). Microbial and geochemical quality of shallow well water in high-density areas in Mzuzu City in Malawi. J. Phys. Chem. Earth. 66: 173-180 Crossref |
||||
Msonda KWM, Masamba WRL, Fabiano E (2007). A study of fluoride groundwater occurrence in Nathenje Lilongwe Malawi. Phys. Chem. Earth 32: 1178–1184. Crossref |
||||
Msonda WK (2003). A study of groundwater quality, water defluoridation and impact of dental fluorosis on children in Nathenje, Lilongwe, Malawi. MSc Thesis. University of Malawi. Malawi. | ||||
Muneer M, Bhatti IA, Adeel S (2010). Removal of Zn, Pb and Cr in Textile Wastewater Using Rice Husk as a Biosorbent. Asian J. Chem. 22(10): 7453-7459. | ||||
National Statistical Office (2002). Malawi Core Welfare Indicators Questionnaire Survey: Report of Survey Results. Zomba, Malawi. | ||||
Ngongondo CS (2006). An analysis of long-term rainfall variability, trends and groundwater availability in the Mulunguzi river catchment area, Zomba mountain, Southern Malawi. Quat. Int. 148(1): 45-50. Crossref |
||||
Palamuleni LG (2002). Effect of sanitation facilities, domestic solid waste disposal and hygiene practices on water quality in Malawi's urban poor areas: a case study of South Lunzu Township in the city of Blantyre. Phys. Chem. Earth 27: 845–850. Crossref |
||||
Pedley S, Howard G (1997). The public health implications of microbiological contamination of groundwater. Q. J. Eng. Geol. 30: 179-188. Crossref |
||||
Pietersen K (2005). Basic human needs and the right to health: contribution of groundwater. Proceedings of Biennial Groundwater Conference 2005. Pretoria. 7-9 March 2005. PMid:16087492 |
||||
Pritchard M, Mkandawire T, Edmondson A, O'Neill JG, Kululanga G (2009). Potential of using plant extracts for purification of shallow well water in Malawi. Phys. Chem. Earth 34: 799–805. Crossref |
||||
Pritchard M, Mkandawire T, O'Neil JG (2007). Biological, chemical and physical drinking water quality from shallow wells in Malawi: Case study of Blantyre, Chiradzulu and Mulanje. Phys. Chem. Earth 27: 845-850. | ||||
Pritchard M, Mkandawire T, O'Neill JP (2008). Assessment of groundwater quality in shallow wells within the southern districts of Malawi. Phys. Chem. Earth 33: 812-823. Crossref |
||||
Ramoeli P (2002). SADC Protocol on Shared Watercourses: Its History and Current Status, In: Turton AR, Henwood R (Eds.). Hydropolitics in the Developing World: A Southern African Perspective. Pretoria. African Water Issues Research Unit (AWIRU). 105-111. | ||||
Robins N, Davies J, Farr J (2013). Groundwater supply and demand from southern Africa's crystalline basement aquifer: evidence from Malawi. Hydrogeol. J. 21: 905–917. Crossref |
||||
Robins NS, Chilton PJ, Cobbing JE (2007). Adapting existing experience with aquifer vulnerability and groundwater protection for Africa. J. Afr. Earth Sci. 47: 30–38. Crossref |
||||
Robins NS, Davies J, Farr JL, Callow RC (2006). The changing role of hydrogeology in semi-arid southern and eastern Africa. Hydrogeol. J. 14: 1483–1492. Crossref |
||||
Rowland HAL, Gault AG, Lythgoe P, Polya DA (2008) Geochemistry of aquifer sediments and arsenic-rich groundwaters from Kandal Province, Cambodia. Appl. Geochem. 23: 3029–3046. Crossref |
||||
Sajidu SM, Masumbu FFF, Fabiano E, Ngongondo C (2007). Drinking water quality and identification of fluoritic areas in Machinga, Malawi, Malawi. J. Sci Technol. 8: 042 – 056. | ||||
Sajidu SMI, Masamba WRL, Henry EMT, Kuyeli SM (2007). Water quality assessment in streams and wastewater treatment plants of Blantyre, Malawi. Phys. Chem. Earth Parts A/B/C. 32(15):1391-1398. Crossref |
||||
Sajidu SMI, Masamba WRL, Thole B, Mwatseteza JF (2008). Groundwater fluoride levels in villages of Southern Malawi and removal studies using bauxite. Int. J. Phys. Sci. 3(1): 1–11. | ||||
Sajidu S, Kayira C, Masamba W, Mwatseteza J (2012). Defluoridation of Groundwater Using Raw Bauxite: Rural Domestic Defluoridation Technology. Environ. Nat. Resour. Res. 2(3). | ||||
Sibale FK, Chidothi C, Tsakala E (1998). Oral health status among the 12 and 15 year old school pupils in Machinga District, Malawi. Proc. of the 1st International Chancellor College Research Seminar. pp. 13-18. | ||||
Smedley PL, Kinniburgh DG (2002). A review of the source, behaviour and distribution of arsenic in natural waters. Appl. Geochem. 17(5): 517-568. Crossref |
||||
Smith-Carrington AK, Chilton PJ (1983). Groundwater Resources of Malawi. Department of Lands, Valuation and Water. Lilongwe, Republic of Malawi. | ||||
Stoupy O, Sugden S (2003). Halving the number of people without access to safe water by 2015 – a Malawian perspective. Part one and part two. WaterAid. Malawi Country Programme. | ||||
Turton A, Godfrey L, Julien F, Hattingh H (2004). Unpacking groundwater governance through the Lens of a trialogue: A Southern African Case Study. In: Appelgren B (Ed.). Managing Shared Aquifer Resources in Africa. IHP-VI, Series on Groundwater No. 8. UNESCO, France. | ||||
UN (1989). Malawi: ground water in eastern, central and southern Africa. Natural Resources/Water Series No. 19. United Nations, New York. | ||||
von Hellens A (2013). Groundwater quality of Malawi – fluoride and nitrate of the Zomba-Phalombe plain. BSc Thesis. University of Malawi. |
||||
Wanda E, Monjerezi M, Mwatseteza JF, Kazembe LN (2011). Hydro-geochemical appraisal of groundwater quality from weathered basement aquifers in Northern Malawi. Phys. Chem. Earth 36: 1197–1207. Crossref |
||||
Wanda EMM, Gulula LC, Phiri A (2013). Hydrochemical assessment of groundwater used for irrigation in Rumphi and Karonga districts, Northern Malawi. J. Phys. Chem. Earth 66: 51-59 Crossref |
||||
Wen D, Zhang F, Zhang E, Wang C, Han S, Zheng Y (2013). Arsenic, fluoride and iodine in groundwater of China. J. Geochem. Explor. 135: 1-21. Crossref |
||||
WHO (2008). Guidelines for drinking-water quality. (Third edition incorporating the first and second addenda). Volume 1, Recommendations. World Health Organization. Geneva. ISBN 9789241547611. | ||||
World Bank (Online). |
||||
World Bank (Online). |
||||
Xie XJ, Wang YX, Su CL, Duan MY (2013). Effects of recharge and discharge on delta H-2 and delta O-18 composition and chloride concentration of high arsenic/ fluoride groundwater from the Datong Basin, Northern China. Water Environ. Res. 85: 113-123. Crossref |
Copyright © 2024 Author(s) retain the copyright of this article.
This article is published under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License 4.0